Application of Photoelectric Sensor in Vehicle Power Control System

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 700-706
Author(s):  
Yifan Zhao ◽  
Mengyu Wang ◽  
Kai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Power Control ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Time Calculation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Mean Square Errors

Due to its characteristics of using clean electric energy and bringing no damage to the environment, electric vehicles (EVs) have become a new developmental direction for the automotive industry. Its reliability issues have also attracted the attention of experts and professionals. In the field of automotive power control, from the perspective of motor control, this study uses the photoelectric sensors (PSs) as the research objects and elaborates on the measurement principles of motor speed with PSs. Meanwhile, a diagnosis scheme is proposed for various faults in the measurement. Among them, the measurement speed is converted by the photoelectric signal, and the measured waveform is amplified. In the fault detection process, the Radial Basis Function (RBF) artificial neural network (ANN) is analyzed. By using this method, the difference in the motor speed detected by the sensor is calculated to determine the cause of the failure. The test uses the least-square method to compare the tested motor speed with the actual motor speed. The results show that PSs can measure the motor speed of EVs. As for the motor failures, the mean square errors (MSEs) of motor speeds generated by different faults are compared to determine the fault points according to the speed changes. In addition, the cause of motor failure can be determined by the real-time calculation of the speed differences. The above tests fully prove the effectiveness of measuring the speed of electric motors by PSs; therefore, PSs have broad application prospects in vehicle power control systems.

TWO-DIMENSIONAL DC RESISTIVITY MAPPING FOR SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATION USING SOFT COMPUTING APPROACHES

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman Wahid ◽  
Mohd. Hakimi Othman ◽  
Ruzairi Abdul Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Problem ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Dc Resistivity ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Actual Model ◽  
Subsurface Investigation ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Mlp Model

In geophysical subsurface surveys, difficulty to interpret measurement of data obtain from the equipment are risen. Data provided by the equipment did not indicate subsurface condition specifically and deviates from the expected standard due to numerous features. Generally, the data that obtained from the laws of physics computation is known as forward problem. And the process of obtaining the data from sets of measurements and reconstruct the model is known as inverse problem. Researchers have proposed multiple estimation techniques to cater the inverse problem and provide estimation that close to actual model. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of using artificial neural network (ANN) in solving two- dimensional (2-D) direct current (DC) resistivity mapping for subsurface investigation, in which the algorithms are based on the radial basis function (RBF) model and the multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model. Conventional approach of least square (LS) method is used as a benchmark and comparative study with the proposed algorithms. In order to train the proposed algorithms, several synthetic data are generated using RES2DMOD software based on hybrid Wenner-Schlumberger configurations. Results are compared between the proposed algorithms and least square method in term of its effectiveness and error variations to the actual values. It is discovered that the proposed algorithms have offered better performance in term minimum error difference to the actual model, as compared to least square method. Simulation results demonstrate that proposed algorithms can solve the inverse problem and it can be illustrated by means of the 2-D graphical mapping.

scholarly journals Solution of inverse heat conduction equation with the use of Chebyshev polynomials

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Joachimiak ◽  
Andrzej Frąckowiak ◽  
Michał Ciałkowski
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Problem ◽  
Chebyshev Polynomials ◽  
Direct Problem ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Random Disturbance ◽  
Inverse Heat Conduction ◽  
Chebyshev Nodes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability

AbstractA direct problem and an inverse problem for the Laplace’s equation was solved in this paper. Solution to the direct problem in a rectangle was sought in a form of finite linear combinations of Chebyshev polynomials. Calculations were made for a grid consisting of Chebyshev nodes, what allows us to use orthogonal properties of Chebyshev polynomials. Temperature distributions on the boundary for the inverse problem were determined using minimization of the functional being the measure of the difference between the measured and calculated values of temperature (boundary inverse problem). For the quasi-Cauchy problem, the distance between set values of temperature and heat flux on the boundary was minimized using the least square method. Influence of the value of random disturbance to the temperature measurement, of measurement points (distance from the boundary, where the temperature is not known) arrangement as well as of the thermocouple installation error on the stability of the inverse problem was analyzed.

The Research on the Methods of the Aero Engine Blades Evaluation

2013 ◽  
Vol 333-335 ◽  
pp. 322-326
Author(s):  
Wen Qi Ma ◽  
Shu Gui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Chord Length ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Trailing Edge ◽  
Inspection Method ◽  
Maximum Thickness ◽  
Spline Fitting ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
The Mean

As an important part of the aero engine, the quality of the blade seriously affects the engine performance, so the inspection method of the blade is significant. Based on the research of the HB 5647-98<<to mark dimensions, tolerances of the vane type and the surface roughness of the blade body>> , this paper concludes different evaluation methods of the blade. The main evaluated parameters include the leading and trailing edge radius, the chord length, the maximum thickness of blade profile, the mean camber line, and the surface twist and so on. Here we mainly discuss the previous three terms. The least square method is adopted to fit the arc of the leading and trailing edge; introduce the projection method to calculate the chord length; at last, we employ the spline fitting method to get the mean line and then obtain the maximum thickness of the blade section.

A Camera Calibration Method Based on Free Points

2011 ◽  
Vol 130-134 ◽  
pp. 1885-1888
Author(s):  
Jing Lei Zhang ◽  
Kai Bo Fan ◽  
Yan Jiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Initial Guess ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Camera Model ◽  
Extrinsic Parameters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Constraint Method

A new accurate calibrating technique for intrinsic parameters and extrinsic parameters of CCD camera is described. The camera model is derived by the pinhole projection theory. Then other parameters of the model are resolved under the radial alignment constraints and orthogonal constraints. In order to get a fine initial guess for the nonlinear searching solution, the least square method is introduced, and finally uses radial alignment constraint method to get the results. The experimental results show that the mean absolute differences in x direction and y direction are 0.0070 and 0.1430 separately while the standard deviation are 0.5006 and 1.2046 separately.

Simulation and Research for Gas Boiler Based on the Vague Set PID

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 2101-2104
Author(s):  
Gang Zhao ◽  
Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Vague Set ◽  
Pid Algorithm ◽  
Static Performance ◽  
Self Tuning ◽  
The Difference

Gas hot water boiler is widely used as heating equipment in everyday life. Because gas hot water boiler has the characteristics of nonlinear, large inertia and disturbances, so it is particularly important to build a precise mathematical model. Then the difference equation model of the system is identified by the least square method according to the collected data in this paper. Writing M file in the MATLAB software to get the continuous transfer function, and setting up Vague Set PID simulation, fuzzy self-tuning PID simulation and conventional PID algorithm in SIMULINK. By comparing among the three kinds of adjusting method, We get that Vague Set PID not only in regulation time, overshoot and effect of dynamic performance is superior compared the other two controller models , but also enhance the robustness and adaptability of the system, has a good dynamic, static performance..

Optimal Weighted Least Square Data Fusion Method for Redundant IMU Based on Calculation of Measurement Error

2012 ◽  
Vol 241-244 ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Chuan Xing ◽  
Hai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Data Fusion ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Weighted Least Square ◽  
Weighted Matrix ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Projection Error

A dodecahedron non-orthogonal redundant IMU configuration was selected as model. To improve fusion accuracy, we proposed an effective calculation method for measurement errors based on the correlation between measurement errors and fusion errors. The method considered the difference between traditional data fusion vector’s projection and measurement results, and then made a conversion from projection error to measurement error. Combined with optimal weighted least square method, measurement error was used to generate an optimal weighted matrix, and this made data fusion errors minimum. Simulations also proved that the fusion result of this method is more accurate than the result of traditional method.

scholarly journals Analysis And Modelling Of Geoelectric Data Modeling For The Identication Of Groundwater aquifer At Cisarua Area, West Bandung

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
A Daniswara ◽  
Darharta Dahrin ◽  
Setianingsih Setianingsih
Keyword(s):  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Resistivity Method ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Groundwater Aquifer ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Aquifer Characteristic ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
Geoelectric Data

Groundwater is the main need of society in everyday life. Groundwater is one of renewable resources but it doesn’t mean that it can be exploitated without limit. Several factors that affect the availability of groundwater derived from nature such as geological conditions, rainfall, and green areas should be considered. Water in the soil is stored in a porous layer and has a good permeability is called an aquifer. Cisarua area is located in West Bandung regency, West Java which is a hilly area that has a topography with a slope ranging from normal to steep. The land use in this area is still dominated with plantation and forest as green area. Groundwater aquifer characteristics in that area needs to be examined and analysed for the needs of the community and agricultural business. In this research, the writer used inversion modeling technique of geoelectric data to visualize the condition of subsurface. Resistivity inversion modelling of apparent resistivity data as a result of resistivity method with Wenner-Schlumberger configuration is then carried out with least-square method. The initial model is modified in an iterative manner such that the sum of square error of the difference between the model response and the observed data values is minimized. The result of resistivity modelling is used for analysis of aquifer characteristic such as lithology, depth and structure along with considering geological reference. As the result of modelling, the area of measurement is divided into three zones which are Zone of aeration, Zone of Saturation, and endapan formasi. Zone of aeration is located at depth 0-25 m with resistivity 20-100 Ohm.m and the predicted lithology is gravel or weathered soil. Zone of Saturation (akuifer) is located at depth 25-60 m with resistivity 4-30 Ohm.m and the predicted lithology is sandstone or clay. Endapan Formasi Cibereum is located at more than 60 m from ground with resistivity more than 100 Ohm.m and the predicted lithology is sandy tuff or dry breccia.

scholarly journals A regression approach for prediction of Youtube views

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lau Tian Rui ◽  
Zehan Afizah Afif ◽  
R. D. Rohmat Saedudin ◽  
Aida Mustapha ◽  
Nazim Razali
Keyword(s):  
Least Square Method ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Descent Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Gradient Descent Method ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
The Public ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Regression Approach ◽  
The Mean

YouTube has grown to be the number one video streaming platform on Internet and home to millions of content creator around the globe. Predicting the potential amount of YouTube views has proven to be extremely important for helping content creator to understand what type of videos the audience prefers to watch. In this paper, we will be introducing two types of regression models for predicting the total number of views a YouTube video can get based on the statistic that are available to our disposal. The dataset we will be using are released by YouTube to the public. The accuracy of both models are then compared by evaluating the mean absolute error and relative absolute error taken from the result of our experiment. The results showed that Ordinary Least Square method is more capable as compared to the Online Gradient Descent Method in providing a more accurate output because the algorithm allows us to find a gradient that is close as possible to the dependent variables despite having an only above average prediction.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT ON MOTOR BLDC SPEED CONTROLLER BY USING MULTI CONTROLLER WITH SUMMATION TECHNIQUE

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Widjonarko ◽  
Cries Avian ◽  
Setya Widyawan Prakosa ◽  
Bayu Rudiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Bldc Motor ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Speed Controller ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

BLDC motor is the most widely used in the industrial world, especially in electric vehicles. With this increasing demand, a variety of research topics emerged in BLDC motors. One popular research is on BLDC motor speed control topics to maintain speed for its application, such as intelligent cruise technology in electric cars and conveyors for line assembly. However, from several existing studies, the BLDC Motor controller still uses a single controller model. The controller's output is purely from the controller without any improvement in characteristics and has a problem with the oscillating speed setpoint (error problem). In this study, the researcher proposed a combining control with the concept of summation output to handle this problem. With this concept, the control techniques used can improve each other so that better control can be produced following the control system assessment parameters. The authors used a Fuzzy Logic Controller, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and PID, which were combined and obtained seven control systems. The results show that the control system can improve several parameters using the summation concept from the seven controllers model. It has a positive overall correlation when viewed in terms of the difference between the Error and the setpoint or MAE (Mean Absolute Error) as parameter assessment.

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