scholarly journals On the Link between Tropical Cyclones and Daily Rainfall Extremes Derived from Global Satellite Observations

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (17) ◽  
pp. 6127-6135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier P. Prat ◽  
Brian R. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Cyclonic Activity ◽  
The World ◽  
Precipitation Analysis ◽  
Almost All

Abstract The authors evaluate the contribution of tropical cyclones (TCs) to daily precipitation extremes over land for TC-active regions around the world. From 1998 to 2012, data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA 3B42) showed that TCs account for an average of 3.5% ± 1% of the total number of rainy days over land areas experiencing cyclonic activity regardless of the basin considered. TC days represent between 13% and 31% of daily extremes above 4 in. day−1, but can account locally for the large majority (>70%) or almost all (≈100%) of extreme rainfall even over higher-latitude areas marginally affected by cyclonic activity. Moreover, regardless of the TC basin, TC-related extremes occur preferably later in the TC season after the peak of cyclonic activity.

scholarly journals TRMM rainfall estimative coupled with Bell (1969) methodology for extreme rainfall characterization

2015 ◽  
Vol 369 ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Schiavo Bernardi ◽  
D. Allasia ◽  
R. Basso ◽  
P. Freitas Ferreira ◽  
R. Tassi
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Remote Sensors ◽  
Indirect Measures ◽  
Equation Error ◽  
Convective Cells

Abstract. The lack of rainfall data in Brazil, and, in particular, in Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), hinders the understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall, especially in the case of the more complex extreme events. In this context, rainfall's estimation from remote sensors is seen as alternative to the scarcity of rainfall gauges. However, as they are indirect measures, such estimates needs validation. This paper aims to verify the applicability of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite information for extreme rainfall determination in RS. The analysis was accomplished at different temporal scales that ranged from 5 min to daily rainfall while spatial distribution of rainfall was investigated by means of regionalization. An initial test verified TRMM rainfall estimative against measured rainfall at gauges for 1998–2013 period considering different durations and return periods (RP). Results indicated that, for the RP of 2, 5, 10 and 15 years, TRMM overestimated on average 24.7% daily rainfall. As TRMM minimum time-steps is 3 h, in order to verify shorter duration rainfall, the TRMM data were adapted to fit Bell's (1969) generalized IDF formula (based on the existence of similarity between the mechanisms of extreme rainfall events as they are associated to convective cells). Bell`s equation error against measured precipitation was around 5–10%, which varied based on location, RP and duration while the coupled BELL+TRMM error was around 10–35%. However, errors were regionally distributed, allowing a correction to be implemented that reduced by half these values. These findings in turn permitted the use of TRMM+Bell estimates to improve the understanding of spatiotemporal distribution of extreme hydrological rainfall events.

Comparison of climatic indices with landslide occurrences in Calabria (Southern Italy)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Petrucci ◽  
Enric Aguilar ◽  
Angela A. Pasqua ◽  
Sergio Vicente-Serrano ◽  
Fabio Zimbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Climatic Indices ◽  
The World ◽  
Agriculture Risk

<p>The most frequent and widespread landslides all over the world are induced by prolonged or heavy rainfall events. These phenomena often cause casualties and damages. Recent research on climate change has evidencing the link between the rainfall tendencies and the increase of damaging geohydrological events. This study has been carried out in the ambit of the EC Project INDECIS, whose aim is to develop an integrated approach to produce a series of climate indicators aimed at the high priority sectors of the Global Framework for Climate Services of the World Meteorological Organization (agriculture, risk reduction, energy, health, water), with the addition of tourism. The study area is Calabria, a region of Southern Italy frequently affected by mass movements and characterized by a highly variable climate. In this study, landslide occurrences in the period 1990-2018 have been collected for the whole territory of Calabria, and clustered according to the five provinces of the region. Moreover, 13 rainfall-based climatic indexes, among those proposed in the INDECIS project, have been calculated for each of the 79 rain gauges presenting complete and homogeneous databases. For each province and for the whole Calabria, the average and the maximum values of the climatic indices have been compared with the landslide occurrences in each year. The comparisons showed the best agreements with the following climatic indices: a) the total annual precipitation (RTA), the annual count of days when daily precipitation amount ≥ 10mm (R10mm), the annual count of days when daily precipitation amount ≥ 20mm (R20mm), the annual total precipitation when daily rainfall is greater than 95<sup>th</sup>-percentile (R95TOT) and, secondarily, the annual count of days with daily rainfall >= 50 mm (D50mm). For the best matches, the curves interpolating the two databases have been also drawn. The obtained results can be useful to predict the impacts that tendencies of rainfall indices patterns can have on slope stabilities of the territory.</p><p>Acknowledgments:</p><p>The Project INDECIS is part of ERA4CS, an ERA-NET initiated by JPI Climate, and funded by FORMAS (SE), DLR (DE), BMWFW (AT), IFD (DK), MINECO (ES), ANR (FR) with co-funding by the European Union (Grant 690462)</p>

Statistical Evaluation of Combined Daily Gauge Observations and Rainfall Satellite Estimates over Continental South America

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Vila ◽  
Luis Gustavo G. de Goncalves ◽  
David L. Toll ◽  
Jose Roberto Rozante
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
South America ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Bias Correction ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Time Algorithm ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Precipitation Analysis

Abstract This paper describes a comprehensive assessment of a new high-resolution, gauge–satellite-based analysis of daily precipitation over continental South America during 2004. This methodology is based on a combination of additive and multiplicative bias correction schemes to get the lowest bias when compared with the observed values (rain gauges). Intercomparisons and cross-validation tests have been carried out between independent rain gauges and different merging techniques. This validation process was done for the control algorithm [Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis real-time algorithm] and five different merging schemes: additive bias correction; ratio bias correction; TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis, research version; and the combined scheme proposed in this paper. These methodologies were tested for different months belonging to different seasons and for different network densities. All compared, merging schemes produce better results than the control algorithm; however, when finer temporal (daily) and spatial scale (regional networks) gauge datasets are included in the analysis, the improvement is remarkable. The combined scheme consistently presents the best performance among the five techniques tested in this paper. This is also true when a degraded daily gauge network is used instead of a full dataset. This technique appears to be a suitable tool to produce real-time, high-resolution, gauge- and satellite-based analyses of daily precipitation over land in regional domains.

scholarly journals Earthquake and hurricane coupling is ascertained by ground-based laser interferometer and satellite observing techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 935-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Dubrov ◽  
V. A. Volkov ◽  
S. P. Golovachev
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Laser Interferometer ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Cyclonic Activity ◽  
Geophysical Field ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Observing Techniques

Abstract. The most destructive disasters such as the strongest earthquakes and the most powerful tropical cyclones can be treated as tightly coupled geophysical phenomena in their origin. Results of comparison of geophysical field variations and seismic activity of the Earth have evidently shown the correlation between lithosphere–atmosphere interactive disturbances, tropical cyclonic activity in the World Ocean, and seismic processes in the solid Earth. The ground-based laser interferometer techniques being supplemented by satellite observational systems can be considered as promising methods for common earthquake and hurricane monitoring and prediction.

scholarly journals Evaluation of TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis during the passage of Tropical Cyclones over Fiji

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
Anil Deo ◽  
Kevin J. E. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Intensity Increase ◽  
Reference Dataset ◽  
Satellite Precipitation ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Precipitation Analysis ◽  
Terrain Elevation

Fiji is prone to the devastating effects of heavy rainfall during the passage of tropical cyclones (TCs) and as such accurate measurement of rainfall during such events is urgent for effective disaster mitigation and risk analysis. Fiji, however, has a sparse distribution of rain gauges, thus there is a deficiency in the accurate measurement of rainfall. This gap could be filled by satellite-based rainfall estimates but before they are used, they need to be validated against a reference dataset for their accuracy and limitations. This study thus validates the TRMM based Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) estimates over the island of Fiji. The study shows that TMPA has moderate skill in estimating rainfall during the passage of TCs over the island of Fiji. This skill is also highly variable as it decreases with an increase in rainfall intensity, increase in distance from the cyclone centre and increasing terrain elevation. The ability of TMPA also varies case by case but we report a general underestimation of rainfall by TMPA during the passage of TCs with a larger rainfall rate (defined in our case as those TCs with average daily rainfall greater than 25 mm day-1).

The Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation in Tropical Cyclones

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (13) ◽  
pp. 5325-5334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth P. Bowman ◽  
Megan D. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Diurnal Cycle ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Precipitation Estimates ◽  
Global Coverage ◽  
Precipitation Analysis ◽  
Diurnal Cycle Of Precipitation ◽  
Hurricane Forecasting ◽  
Oceanic Convection

Abstract Position and intensity data from the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) are combined with global, gridded precipitation estimates from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) for the period 1998–2013 to study the diurnal cycle of precipitation in tropical cyclones. The comprehensive global coverage and large sample size afforded by the two datasets allow robust statistical analysis of storm-averaged diurnal variations and permit stratification of the data in various ways. There is a clearly detectable diurnal variation of precipitation in tropical cyclones with peak rainfall occurring near 0600 local time. For storms of all intensities the amplitude of the diurnal harmonic, which dominates the diurnal cycle, is approximately 7% of the mean rain rate. This corresponds to a peak-to-peak variation of about 15% over the course of the day. The diurnal cycle is similar in all ocean basins. There is evidence that the amplitude of the diurnal cycle increases with increasing storm intensity, but the results are not statistically significant. The results have implications for hurricane forecasting and for a greater understanding of the processes that regulate oceanic convection.

A global observation-based dataset of sub-daily precipitation indices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pritchard ◽  
Elizabeth Lewis ◽  
Hayley Fowler ◽  
Stephen Blenkinsop ◽  
Anna Whitford
Keyword(s):  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Control Procedure ◽  
Precipitation Characteristics ◽  
The World ◽  
Precipitation Indices ◽  
Precipitation Records ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Frequency Properties

<p>Short duration precipitation extremes can lead to severe flash flooding and destructive landslides. Yet many gaps remain in our understanding of these acute precipitation events, partly due to the lack of accessible and high quality sub-daily observational datasets available to researchers. To address this problem, the INTENSE project (leading the GEWEX Hydroclimatology Panel Cross-Cutting Project on Sub-Daily Extremes) has coordinated a major international effort to collate sub-daily precipitation observations from around the world. The resulting Global Sub-Daily Rainfall (GSDR) dataset contains hourly precipitation records from over 20,000 gauges globally. The quality of the raw data underpinning the GSDR dataset is variable, so an automated and wide-ranging quality control procedure has been developed and applied to the records. To facilitate research and other applications of the dataset, we have defined and calculated a novel set of sub-daily precipitation indices. These indices complement and extend the ETCCDI daily precipitation indices by characterising key aspects of shorter duration precipitation variability, including intensity, duration and frequency properties. Project partners and other collaborators continue to augment the resulting indices database by performing the calculations on their own observations and sharing these with the INTENSE project, with new contributors always welcome. This combined effort has led to an extensive observation-based climatology of various sub-daily precipitation characteristics (including extremes) across large parts of the world. These indices will be publicly available for as many gauges as possible, alongside a gridded dataset that also incorporates indices calculated for additional restricted-access gauge records.</p>

scholarly journals Mixture Distributions and the Hydroclimatology of Extreme Rainfall and Flooding in the Eastern United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Smith ◽  
Gabriele Villarini ◽  
Mary Lynn Baeck
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Flood Peak ◽  
Storm Evolution ◽  
Landfalling Tropical Cyclones

Abstract Flooding in the eastern United States reflects a mixture of flood-generating mechanisms, with landfalling tropical cyclones and extratropical systems playing central roles. The authors examine the climatology of heavy rainfall and flood magnitudes for the eastern United States through analyses of long-duration records of flood peaks and maximum daily rainfall series. Spatial heterogeneities in flood peak distributions due to orographic precipitation mechanisms in mountainous terrain, coastal circulations near land–ocean boundaries, and urbanization impacts on regional climate are central elements of flood peak distributions. Lagrangian analyses of rainfall distribution and storm evolution are presented for flood events in the eastern United States and used to motivate new directions for stochastic modeling of rainfall. Tropical cyclones are an important element of the upper tail of flood peak distributions throughout the eastern United States, but their relative importance varies widely, and abruptly, in space over the region. Nonstationarities and long-term persistence of flood peak and rainfall distributions are examined from the perspective of the impacts of human-induced climate change on flood-generating mechanisms. Analyses of flood frequency for the eastern United States, which are based on observations from a dense network of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) stream gauging stations, provide insights into emerging problems in flood science.

Globalization and interconfessional communications

2001 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Serhii Viktorovych Svystunov
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The World ◽  
Target Set ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Rapid Appearance

In the 21st century, the world became a sign of globalization: global conflicts, global disasters, global economy, global Internet, etc. The Polish researcher Casimir Zhigulsky defines globalization as a kind of process, that is, the target set of characteristic changes that develop over time and occur in the modern world. These changes in general are reduced to mutual rapprochement, reduction of distances, the rapid appearance of a large number of different connections, contacts, exchanges, and to increase the dependence of society in almost all spheres of his life from what is happening in other, often very remote regions of the world.

From the Tower of London to the Thomas More Society of Buenos Aires: “Give me thy grace, good Lord, to set the world at nought”

Moreana ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (Number 164) (4) ◽  
pp. 187-206
Author(s):  
Clare M. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Short History ◽  
Thomas More ◽  
Tower Of London ◽  
Hebrew Poetry ◽  
Prayer Book ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Book Of Hours ◽  
Almost All

The Thomas More Society of Buenos Aires begins or ends almost all its events by reciting in both English and Spanish a prayer written by More in the margins of his Book of Hours probably while he was a prisoner in the Tower of London. After a short history of what is called Thomas More’s Prayer Book, the author studies the prayer as a poem written in the form of a psalm according to the structure of Hebrew poetry, and looks at the poem’s content as a psalm of lament.

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