A global observation-based dataset of sub-daily precipitation indices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pritchard ◽  
Elizabeth Lewis ◽  
Hayley Fowler ◽  
Stephen Blenkinsop ◽  
Anna Whitford
Keyword(s):  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Control Procedure ◽  
Precipitation Characteristics ◽  
The World ◽  
Precipitation Indices ◽  
Precipitation Records ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Frequency Properties

<p>Short duration precipitation extremes can lead to severe flash flooding and destructive landslides. Yet many gaps remain in our understanding of these acute precipitation events, partly due to the lack of accessible and high quality sub-daily observational datasets available to researchers. To address this problem, the INTENSE project (leading the GEWEX Hydroclimatology Panel Cross-Cutting Project on Sub-Daily Extremes) has coordinated a major international effort to collate sub-daily precipitation observations from around the world. The resulting Global Sub-Daily Rainfall (GSDR) dataset contains hourly precipitation records from over 20,000 gauges globally. The quality of the raw data underpinning the GSDR dataset is variable, so an automated and wide-ranging quality control procedure has been developed and applied to the records. To facilitate research and other applications of the dataset, we have defined and calculated a novel set of sub-daily precipitation indices. These indices complement and extend the ETCCDI daily precipitation indices by characterising key aspects of shorter duration precipitation variability, including intensity, duration and frequency properties. Project partners and other collaborators continue to augment the resulting indices database by performing the calculations on their own observations and sharing these with the INTENSE project, with new contributors always welcome. This combined effort has led to an extensive observation-based climatology of various sub-daily precipitation characteristics (including extremes) across large parts of the world. These indices will be publicly available for as many gauges as possible, alongside a gridded dataset that also incorporates indices calculated for additional restricted-access gauge records.</p>

scholarly journals Climatology and Interannual Variability of Floods during the TRMM Era (1998–2013)

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 3289-3305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Yan ◽  
Huan Wu ◽  
Guojun Gu ◽  
Zhijun Huang ◽  
Lorenzo Alfieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Precipitation Frequency ◽  
Environment Model ◽  
Precipitation Characteristics ◽  
Precipitation Analysis ◽  
Precipitation Indices ◽  
Rain Rates ◽  
Precipitation Events

AbstractSpatial and temporal variations of global floods during the TRMM period (1998–2013) are explored by means of the outputs of the Dominant River Routing Integrated with VIC Environment model (DRIVE) driven by the precipitation rates from the TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA). Climatological and seasonal mean features of floods including frequency (FF), duration (FD), and mean and total intensity (FI and FTI) are examined and further compared to those for a variety of precipitation indices derived from the daily TMPA rain rates. In general, floods and precipitation manifest similar spatial distributions, confirming that more precipitation (both amount and frequency) often indicates higher probability of floods. However, different flood indices can be associated with different precipitation characteristics with a highly region-dependent distribution. FF and FD tend to be more related to daily precipitation frequency globally, especially the mid- to high-end precipitation frequencies (F10, F25, F50). However, FI and FTI tend to be more associated with the mean volume/magnitude of those (extreme) daily precipitation events (Pr10 and Pr25). Nonetheless, daily precipitation intensity except the very high end one (R50) generally has a relatively weak effect on floods. The precipitation–flood relations at the 10 large regions are further examined, providing an improved understanding of precipitation-related flood-generating mechanisms in different locations. On the interannual time scale, El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can significantly affect floods in many flood-prone zones. However, it is noted that even though the ENSO effect on floods is mostly through modulating various aspects of precipitation events, significant ENSO signals in precipitation cannot always translate to an effective, simultaneous impact on floods.

scholarly journals Model for Multiple Imputation to Estimate Daily Rainfall Data and Filling of Faults

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ruy Porto de Carvalho ◽  
José Eduardo Boffinho Almeida Monteiro ◽  
Alan Massaru Nakai ◽  
Eduardo Delgado Assad
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Imputation ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Auxiliary Variable ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Imputation Model ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Daily Rainfall Data ◽  
Versatile Technique ◽  
Precipitation Records

Abstract Modeling by multiple enchained imputation is an area of growing importance. However, its models and methods are frequently developed for specific applications. In this study the model for multiple imputation was used to estimate daily rainfall data. Daily precipitation records from several meteorological stations were used, obtained from system AGRITEMPO for two homogenous climatic zones. The precipitation values obtained for two dates (Jan. 20th 2005 and May 2nd 2005) using the multiple imputation model were compared with geo-statistics techniques ordinary Kriging and Co-kriging with the altitude as an auxiliary variable. The multiple imputation model was 16% better for the first zone and over 23% for the second one, compared to the rainfall estimation obtained by geo-statistical techniques. The model proved to be a versatile technique, presenting coherent results with the conditions of different zones and times.

Comparison of climatic indices with landslide occurrences in Calabria (Southern Italy)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Petrucci ◽  
Enric Aguilar ◽  
Angela A. Pasqua ◽  
Sergio Vicente-Serrano ◽  
Fabio Zimbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Climatic Indices ◽  
The World ◽  
Agriculture Risk

<p>The most frequent and widespread landslides all over the world are induced by prolonged or heavy rainfall events. These phenomena often cause casualties and damages. Recent research on climate change has evidencing the link between the rainfall tendencies and the increase of damaging geohydrological events. This study has been carried out in the ambit of the EC Project INDECIS, whose aim is to develop an integrated approach to produce a series of climate indicators aimed at the high priority sectors of the Global Framework for Climate Services of the World Meteorological Organization (agriculture, risk reduction, energy, health, water), with the addition of tourism. The study area is Calabria, a region of Southern Italy frequently affected by mass movements and characterized by a highly variable climate. In this study, landslide occurrences in the period 1990-2018 have been collected for the whole territory of Calabria, and clustered according to the five provinces of the region. Moreover, 13 rainfall-based climatic indexes, among those proposed in the INDECIS project, have been calculated for each of the 79 rain gauges presenting complete and homogeneous databases. For each province and for the whole Calabria, the average and the maximum values of the climatic indices have been compared with the landslide occurrences in each year. The comparisons showed the best agreements with the following climatic indices: a) the total annual precipitation (RTA), the annual count of days when daily precipitation amount ≥ 10mm (R10mm), the annual count of days when daily precipitation amount ≥ 20mm (R20mm), the annual total precipitation when daily rainfall is greater than 95<sup>th</sup>-percentile (R95TOT) and, secondarily, the annual count of days with daily rainfall >= 50 mm (D50mm). For the best matches, the curves interpolating the two databases have been also drawn. The obtained results can be useful to predict the impacts that tendencies of rainfall indices patterns can have on slope stabilities of the territory.</p><p>Acknowledgments:</p><p>The Project INDECIS is part of ERA4CS, an ERA-NET initiated by JPI Climate, and funded by FORMAS (SE), DLR (DE), BMWFW (AT), IFD (DK), MINECO (ES), ANR (FR) with co-funding by the European Union (Grant 690462)</p>

scholarly journals Influence of Daily Rainfall Characteristics on Regional Summertime Precipitation over the Southwestern United States

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1218-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce T. Anderson ◽  
Jingyun Wang ◽  
Suchi Gopal ◽  
Guido Salvucci
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Southwestern United States ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Rainfall Frequency ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
Precipitation Characteristics ◽  
Precipitation Anomalies

Abstract The regional variability in the summertime precipitation over the southwestern United States is studied using stochastic chain-dependent models generated from 70 yr of station-based daily precipitation observations. To begin, the spatiotemporal structure of the summertime seasonal mean precipitation over the southwestern United States is analyzed using two independent spatial cluster techniques. Four optimal clusters are identified, and their structures are robust across the techniques used. Next, regional chain-dependent models—comprising a previously dependent occurrence chain, an empirical rainfall coverage distribution, and an empirical rainfall amount distribution—are constructed over each subregime and are integrated to simulate the regional daily precipitation evolution across the summer season. Results indicate that generally less than 50% of the observed interannual variance of seasonal precipitation in a given region lies outside the regional chain-dependent models’ stochastic envelope of variability; this observed variance, which is not captured by the stochastic model, is sometimes referred to as the “potentially predictable” variance. In addition, only a small fraction of observed years (between 10% and 20% over a given subregime) contain seasonal mean precipitation anomalies that contribute to this potentially predictable variance. Further results indicate that year-to-year variations in daily rainfall coverage are the largest contributors to potentially predictable seasonal mean rainfall anomalies in most regions, whereas variations in daily rainfall frequency contribute the least. A brief analysis for one region highlights how the identification of years with potentially predictable precipitation characteristics can be used to better understand large-scale circulation patterns that modulate the underlying daily rainfall processes responsible for year-to-year variations in regional rainfall.

scholarly journals On the Link between Tropical Cyclones and Daily Rainfall Extremes Derived from Global Satellite Observations

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (17) ◽  
pp. 6127-6135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier P. Prat ◽  
Brian R. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Cyclonic Activity ◽  
The World ◽  
Precipitation Analysis ◽  
Almost All

Abstract The authors evaluate the contribution of tropical cyclones (TCs) to daily precipitation extremes over land for TC-active regions around the world. From 1998 to 2012, data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA 3B42) showed that TCs account for an average of 3.5% ± 1% of the total number of rainy days over land areas experiencing cyclonic activity regardless of the basin considered. TC days represent between 13% and 31% of daily extremes above 4 in. day−1, but can account locally for the large majority (>70%) or almost all (≈100%) of extreme rainfall even over higher-latitude areas marginally affected by cyclonic activity. Moreover, regardless of the TC basin, TC-related extremes occur preferably later in the TC season after the peak of cyclonic activity.

scholarly journals Anomalous Self- and World Experiences in Depersonalization Traits: a Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ciaunica ◽  
Elizabeth Pienkos ◽  
Estelle Nakul ◽  
Luis Madeira ◽  
Harry Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Core Features

This paper proposes a qualitative study exploring anomalous self and world-experiences in individuals with high levels of depersonalization traits. Depersonalization (DP) is a condition characterized by distressing feelings of being a detached, neutral and disembodied onlooker of one’s mental and bodily processes or even of reality itself (‘derealization’). Feelings of depersonalization are extremely common in the general population, yet under-acknowledged and under-examined. Our findings indicate the presence of a wide range of anomalous experiences traditionally understood to be core features of depersonalization, such as disembodiment and disrupted self-awareness. However, our results also indicate experiential features that are less highlighted in previous work, such as faster time perception and blurriness of the self/other boundaries which may play a key role in altering one’s sense of self and sense of presence in the world. Our qualitative study provides an in-depth examination of self-reported disturbances of one’s relatedness to one’s self and the world, thereby shedding further light on the nature of altered subjective experiences in DP. In doing so, this paper draws attention to key aspects yet overlooked that may prove valuable for potential diagnosis and therapy. We conclude by highlighting limitations of this study and a number of open questions that further work needs to address in the future, in order to better understand this condition and to improve the quality of life of those experiencing depersonalization.

Correction of functional constipation in patients with limited mobility after stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
M. S. Turchina ◽  
M. V. Bukreeva ◽  
L. Yu. Korolyova ◽  
Zh. E. Annenkova ◽  
L. G. Polyakov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Constipation ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Complete Restoration ◽  
The World

Currently, the problem of early rehabilitation of stroke patients is important, since in terms of the prevalence of cerebrovascular diseases and disability after suffering a stroke, Russia is one of the first places in the world. The complex of medical rehabilitation of such patients should provide for the early and most complete restoration of all body functions, patient education for lost skills, re-socialization of the patient and improvement of the quality of life. One of the factors contributing to a significant reduction in the quality of life after a stroke is the development of chronic constipation. The article reflects the modern methods of correction of chronic constipation in patients with limited mobility.

HASTANELERİN HİZMET KALİTESİNİN HASTA TATMİN ÖLÇEĞİ İLE ÖLÇÜLMESİ: KARABÜK DEVLET HASTANESİNDE YATAN HASTALAR ÜZERİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA THE MEASUREMENT SERVICE QUALITY OF THE HOSPITALS BY THE PATIENT SCALE: A RESEARCH ON THE PATIENTS IN KARABUK STATE HOSP

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Selçuk Yurtsever
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
State Hospital ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Factors

It has been known that both in the world and in Turkey a continuous change has been experienced in the provision of health services in recent years. In this sense by adopting the customer(client) focused approach of either public or private sector hospitals; it has been seen that they are in the struggle for presenting a right, fast, trustuble, comfy service. The purpose of this research is to measure the satisfaction degree, expectations and perceptions of the patients in Karabük State Hospital through comparison. In this context, the patient satisfaction scale which has been developed as a result of literature review has been used and by this scale it has been tried to measure the satisfaction levels of the patients in terms of material and human factors which are the two main factors of the service that was presented. In the study, with the scales of Servqual and 0-100 Points together, in the part of the analysis MANOVA have been used. The expectations and the perceptions of the patient has been compared first by generally and then by separating to different groups according to the various criterias and in thisway it has been tried to be measured their satisfaction levels. According to the results that were obtained, although, the satisfaction levels of the patients who have taken service from Karabük State Hospital are high in terms of thedoctors and the nurses; it has been reached to the result that their satisfaction levels are low in terms of the materials that have been used at the presenting of the service and the management.

IN SEARCH OF EDUCATIONAL STRATEGY FOR UKRAINE

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viсtor Ognevyuk
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
School Management ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
The World ◽  
Management School ◽  
Global Competitiveness Report

The article deals with the world rating of Ukrainian educational sphere according to The Global Competitiveness Report and UNESCO Science Report. It shows comparative indices of Ukraine in contrast to the other countries of these world ratings according to the “Quality of primary education”, “Penetration of primary education”, “Penetration of secondary education”, “Quality of secondary education”, “Quality of education in Sciences”, “Quality of school management”, “School access to the internet” and others. The article also defines strategic directions of reforming Ukrainian education system to improve its position in the world international ratings.

konsep dasar, prinsip dan peranan supervisi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isra Revenia
Keyword(s):  
Education Quality ◽  
School Staff ◽  
The World

When we compare with the quality of the best education in the world, Indonesia can catagorized as far behind. This can be seen from the achievments of students who become rejected measuring education quality in improving the qualitu of education, education supervision has very important role in developing education quality. Supervision can be interpreted as a coaching activity that has been planned to assist teachers and staff and other school staff in carrying out work effectively so that it gets good results. Supervision is a process that is applied to a job that has been carried out and even evaluates and corrects the work I to match what was determined from the start.

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