scholarly journals Undercatch Adjustments for Tipping-Bucket Gauge Measurements of Solid Precipitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1193-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kochendorfer ◽  
Michael E. Earle ◽  
Daniel Hodyss ◽  
Audrey Reverdin ◽  
Yves-Alain Roulet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Solid Precipitation ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Precipitation Records ◽  
Better Than

AbstractHeated tipping-bucket (TB) gauges are used broadly in national weather monitoring networks, but their performance for the measurement of solid precipitation has not been well characterized. Manufacturer-provided TB gauges were evaluated at five test sites during the World Meteorological Organization Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment (WMO-SPICE), with most gauge types tested at more than one site. The test results were used to develop and evaluate adjustments for the undercatch of solid precipitation by heated TB gauges. New methods were also developed to address challenges specific to measurements from heated TB gauges. Tipping-bucket transfer functions were created specifically to minimize the sum of errors over the course of the adjusted multiseasonal accumulation. This was based on the hypothesis that the best transfer function produces the most accurate long-term precipitation records, rather than accurate catch efficiency measurements or accurate daily or hourly precipitation measurements. Using this new approach, an adjustment function derived from multiple gauges was developed that performed better than traditional gauge-specific and multigauge catch efficiency derived adjustments. Because this new multigauge adjustment was developed using six different types of gauges tested at five different sites, it may be applicable to solid precipitation measurements from unshielded heated TB gauges that were not evaluated in WMO-SPICE. In addition, this new method of optimizing transfer functions may be useful for other types of precipitation gauges, as it has many practical advantages over the traditional catch efficiency methods used to derive undercatch adjustments.

scholarly journals Detecting Nuisance Calls over Internet Telephony Using Caller Reputation

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Tariq Javed ◽  
Khalifa Toumi ◽  
Fares Alharbi ◽  
Tiziana Margaria ◽  
Noel Crespi
Keyword(s):  
Security Risk ◽  
False Detection ◽  
Short Term ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Call Duration ◽  
Internet Telephony ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Reputation Model

Internet telephony permit callers to manage self-asserted profiles without any subscription contract nor identification proof. These cost-free services have attracted many telemarketers and spammers who generate unsolicited nuisance calls. Upon detection, they simply rejoin the network with a new identity to continue their malicious activities. Nuisance calls are highly disruptive when compared to email and social spam. They not only include annoying telemarketing calls but also contain scam and voice phishing which involves security risk for subscribers. Therefore, it remains a major challenge for Internet telephony providers to detect and avoid nuisance calls efficiently. In this paper, we present a new approach that uses caller reputation to detect different kinds of nuisance calls generated in the network. The reputation is computed in a hybrid manner by extracting information from call data records and using recommendations from reliable communicating participants. The behavior of the caller is assessed by extracting call features such as call-rate, call duration, and call density. Long term and short term reputations are computed to quickly detect the changing behavior of callers. Furthermore, our approach involves an efficient mechanism to combat whitewashing attacks performed by malicious callers to continue generating nuisance calls in the network. We conduct simulations to compute the performance of our proposed model. The experiments conclude that the proposed reputation model is an effective method to detect different types of nuisance calls while avoiding false detection of legitimate calls.

scholarly journals A New Approach to Suicidal Behavior Diagnostics: A Review of Foreign Sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-24
Author(s):  
G.S. Bannikov ◽  
O.V. Vihristyuk ◽  
I. Galynker
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Suicide Risk Assessment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
New Approach ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Risk Assessment Tools ◽  
Suicidal Crisis

The paper presents a review of the studies on innovative suicide prevention strategies, methods, and approaches to diagnosing suicide risk. We examine the results of the studies that allow developing new approaches to creating effective suicide risk assessment tools, based on building a trusting relationship with the patient/client and focusing on the doctor’s/therapist’s own emotional experiences. We describe a complex narrative-crisis model of suicide that includes long-term and short-term risk factors for suicidal behavior and incorporates the suicidal crisis syndrome. We conclude with describing modern tendencies in suicide risk diagnostics — namely, overestimating the methods’ efficiency. New methods for assessing critical states possessing good predictive validity should be developed and implemented.

scholarly journals An Empirical Study of Different Approaches for Protein Classification

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loris Nanni ◽  
Alessandra Lumini ◽  
Sheryl Brahnam
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Structure ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Protein Classification ◽  
Matrix Representations ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Multiple Datasets ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Scoring Matrix ◽  
Better Than

Many domains would benefit from reliable and efficient systems for automatic protein classification. An area of particular interest in recent studies on automatic protein classification is the exploration of new methods for extracting features from a protein that work well for specific problems. These methods, however, are not generalizable and have proven useful in only a few domains. Our goal is to evaluate several feature extraction approaches for representing proteins by testing them across multiple datasets. Different types of protein representations are evaluated: those starting from the position specific scoring matrix of the proteins (PSSM), those derived from the amino-acid sequence, two matrix representations, and features taken from the 3D tertiary structure of the protein. We also test new variants of proteins descriptors. We develop our system experimentally by comparing and combining different descriptors taken from the protein representations. Each descriptor is used to train a separate support vector machine (SVM), and the results are combined by sum rule. Some stand-alone descriptors work well on some datasets but not on others. Through fusion, the different descriptors provide a performance that works well across all tested datasets, in some cases performing better than the state-of-the-art.

scholarly journals Reducing catheter-associated complications using 4% sodium citrate versus sodium heparin as a catheter lock solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 4204-4214
Author(s):  
He-ming Huang ◽  
Xin Jiang ◽  
Ling-bing Meng ◽  
Chen-yi Di ◽  
Peng Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Indwelling Catheters ◽  
Sodium Heparin ◽  
Lock Solution ◽  
Catheter Obstruction ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Catheter Lock ◽  
Better Than

Objective Use of a catheter lock solution plays a decisive role in vascular access. The effects of different concentrations of heparin and different types of catheter lock solutions are controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of sodium citrate and sodium heparin catheter lock solutions. Methods A total of 120 patients were divided into four groups (30 patients per group) according to the use of catheter lock solution as follows: 6250 U/mL sodium heparin, 5000 U/mL sodium heparin, 2500 U/mL sodium heparin, and 4% sodium citrate. Coagulation function and the incidence of catheter occlusion, hemorrhage, and catheter-related infections were recorded. Results The different catheter lock solutions were significantly related to conduit blockage, hemorrhage, infection, and leakage levels. In the 4% sodium citrate group, the odds ratio was 0.688 for conduit blockage (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.206–2.297), 0.286 for hemorrhage (95% CI, 0.091–0.899), 0.266 for infection (95% CI, 0.073–0.964), and 0.416 for leakage (95% CI, 0.141–1.225) compared with the 6250 U/mL sodium heparin. Conclusions The solution 4% sodium citrate can effectively reduce the risk of catheter obstruction, bleeding, infection, and leakage better than sodium heparin in patients with long-term intravenous indwelling catheters.

scholarly journals A FAMILY OF CONTROLLABLE CELLULAR AUTOMATA FOR PSEUDORANDOM NUMBER GENERATION

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (08) ◽  
pp. 1047-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHENG-UEI GUAN ◽  
SHU ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Pseudorandom Number ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Randomness Test ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pseudorandom Number Generation ◽  
Test Suites ◽  
Better Than

In this paper, we present a family of novel Pseudorandom Number Generators (PRNGs) based on Controllable Cellular Automata (CCA) CCA0, CCA1, CCA2 (NCA), CCA3 (BCA), CCA4 (asymmetric NCA), CCA5, CCA6 and CCA7 PRNGs. The ENT and DIEHARD test suites are used to evaluate the randomness of these CCA PRNGs. The results show that their randomness is better than that of conventional CA and PCA PRNGs while they do not lose the structure simplicity of 1D CA. Moreover, their randomness can be comparable to that of 2D CA PRNGs. Furthermore, we integrate six different types of CCA PRNGs to form CCA PRNG groups to see if the randomness quality of such groups could exceed that of any individual CCA PRNG. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to evolve the configuration of the CCA PRNG groups. Randomness test results on the evolved CCA PRNG groups show that the randomness of the evolved groups is further improved as compared with any individual CCA PRNG.

Axial Compression Test of Perforated Section Steel Column Reinforced with Overlapped Plates

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 299-303
Author(s):  
Hai Yan Zhang ◽  
Zhi Cheng Luo ◽  
Xiao Mei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Axial Compression ◽  
Compression Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Fillet Weld ◽  
Yield Load ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Steel Column ◽  
Load Displacement ◽  
Better Than

The feasibility of two new methods to reinforce the perforated section steel column was verified by two groups of axial compression tests, each group contained two specimens. The test results showed that reinforcement plates and original steel skeleton can work together effectively before specimens overall yielded whether front fillet weld or weld all around was adopted for the connection of reinforcement plates with the steel skeleton. After most of the measuring points on reinforcement plates yielded, reinforcement plates by front fillet weld plumped outward and deformed rapidly; however, no notable deformation was found for the reinforcement plates by weld all around. From the load–displacement curves of the specimens , the yield load of the section steel column by weld all around was a little larger than that of section steel column by front fillet weld. In general, the connection of reinforcement plates with the steel skeleton by weld all around was better than that by front fillet weld.

scholarly journals Testing and development of transfer functions for weighing precipitation gauges in WMO-SPICE

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 1437-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kochendorfer ◽  
Rodica Nitu ◽  
Mareile Wolff ◽  
Eva Mekis ◽  
Roy Rasmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Functions ◽  
World Meteorological Organization ◽  
Solid Precipitation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Measurement Biases ◽  
Precipitation Gauge

Abstract. Weighing precipitation gauges are used widely for the measurement of all forms of precipitation, and are typically more accurate than tipping-bucket precipitation gauges. This is especially true for the measurement of solid precipitation; however, weighing precipitation gauge measurements must still be adjusted for undercatch in snowy, windy conditions. In WMO-SPICE (World Meteorological Organization Solid Precipitation InterComparison Experiment), different types of weighing precipitation gauges and shields were compared, and adjustments were determined for the undercatch of solid precipitation caused by wind. For the various combinations of gauges and shields, adjustments using both new and previously existing transfer functions were evaluated. For most of the gauge and shield combinations, previously derived transfer functions were found to perform as well as those more recently derived. This indicates that wind shield type (or lack thereof) is more important in determining the magnitude of wind-induced undercatch than the type of weighing precipitation gauge. It also demonstrates the potential for widespread use of the previously developed transfer functions. Another overarching result was that, in general, the more effective shields, which were associated with smaller unadjusted errors, also produced more accurate measurements after adjustment. This indicates that although transfer functions can effectively reduce measurement biases, effective wind shielding is still required for the most accurate measurement of solid precipitation.

scholarly journals Optimizing self-pollinated crop breeding employing genomic selection: from schemes to updating training sets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Sabadin ◽  
Julio César DoVale ◽  
John Platten ◽  
Roberto Fritsche-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Breeding Schemes ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Long-term breeding schemes employing genomic selection (GS) can boost the response to selection per year. Although several studies show that GS delivers a higher response to selection, only a few analyze the best strategy to employ it, specifically how often and in what manner the training set (TS) should be updated. Therefore, we used stochastic simulation to compare in a long-term breeding program of a hypothetical self-pollinated crop five different strategies to implement GS in the line fixation stage and four methods and sizes to update the TS. Moreover, among breeding schemes, we proposed a new approach for using GS to select the best individuals in each F2 progeny based on genomic estimated breeding and divergence and crossed them to generate a new recombination event. Finally, we compared these schemes to the traditional phenotypic selection and drift. Our results showed that using GS in F2 followed by the phenotypic selection of new parentals in F4 was the best scenario. Furthermore, adding a new set of training data every cycle (over 800) to update the TS maintains the accuracy at satisfactory levels for many more generations, showing that more data is better than optimizing the genetic relationship between TS and the targeted population in a closed system. Hence, we believe that these results may help breeders optimize GS in their programs and improve genetic gain in long-term schemes.

scholarly journals Enhancement of the bone-implant interface by applying a plasma-sprayed titanium coating on nanohydroxyapatite/polyamide66 implants in a rabbit model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiyang Zhong ◽  
Jianxiao Li ◽  
Chenbo Hu ◽  
Zhengxue Quan ◽  
Dianming Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Titanium Coating ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Solid Fusion ◽  
Plasma Sprayed ◽  
Better Than

AbstractSolid fusion at the bone-implant interface (BII) is considered one of the indicators of a satisfactory clinical outcome for spine surgery. Although the mechanical and physical properties of nanohydroxyapatite/polyamide66 (n-HA/PA66) offers many advantages, the results of long-term follow-up for BIIs remain limited. This study aimed to improve the BII of n-HA/PA66 by applying plasma-sprayed titanium (PST) and assessing the mechanical and histological properties. After the PST coating was applied to n-HA/PA66 implants, the coating had uneven, porous surfaces. The compression results were not significantly different between the two groups. The micro-CT results demonstrated that at 6 weeks and 12 weeks, the bone volume (BV), BV/tissue volume (TV) and trabecular number (Tb.N) values of the n-HA/PA66-PST group were significantly higher than those of the n-HA/PA66 group. The results of undecalcified bone slicing showed that more new bone appeared to form around n-HA/PA66-PST implant than around n-HA/PA66 implant. The bone-implant contact (BIC) and push-out test results of the n-HA/PA66-PST group were better than those of the n-HA/PA66 group. In conclusion, after PST coating, direct and additional new bone-to-implant bonding could be achieved, improving the BII of n-HA/PA66 implants. The n-HA/PA66-PST implants could be promising for repair purposes.

scholarly journals Laser Reconstruction of Spinal Discs Experiments and Clinic

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 675
Author(s):  
Andrei Baskov ◽  
Igor A. Borshchenko ◽  
Vladimir Baskov ◽  
Anatoly Shekhter ◽  
Emil Sobol
Keyword(s):  
Laser Radiation ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
New Approach ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Biological Methods

Degenerative disease of the intervertebral discs (DDD) is currently a serious problem facing the world community. The surgical methods and conservative therapy used today, unfortunately, do not stop the pathological process, but serve as a palliative method that temporarily relieves pain and improves the patient’s quality of life. Therefore, at present, there is an active search for new methods of treating DDD. Among new techniques of treatment, biological methods, and minimally invasive surgery, including the use of laser radiation, which, depending on the laser parameters, can cause ablative or modifying effects on the disc tissue, have acquired considerable interest. Here, we analyze a new approach to solving the DDD problem: laser tissue modification. This review of publications is focused on the studies of the physicochemical foundations and clinical applications of a new method of laser reconstruction of intervertebral discs. Thermomechanical action of laser radiation modifies tissue and leads to its regeneration as well as to a long-term restoration of disc functions, elimination of pain and the return of patients to normal life.

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