Opportunity beliefs and class differences in subjective status injustice during the Great Recession in Iceland

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guðmundur Oddsson ◽  
Jón Gunnar Bernburg
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Moral Discourse ◽  
Dominant Ideology ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Political Ties ◽  
And Gender

Sociologists theorize that opportunity beliefs shape whether individuals see their status in society as just or unjust – a topic that is broadly relevant to research linking social structure to emotions and behaviors. Two prominent theories, however, entail competing propositions. The dominant ideology thesis suggests that believing in opportunity barriers increases subjective status injustice, especially for lower class individuals. In contrast, relative deprivation theory implies that believing in restricted opportunities deters upward comparison among the lower classes, potentially reducing class differences in subjective status injustice. Relationships between class position, opportunity beliefs, and subjective status injustice were studied using survey data gathered during the Great Recession in Iceland. The findings indicate that beliefs in opportunity barriers are widespread, yet few see their social status as unjust. Moreover, only opportunity barriers stemming from political ties and gender increase subjective status injustice, especially so in the case of political ties among lower class individuals. It is likely that this latter sentiment was made particularly significant during the recession by an intense moral discourse condemning nepotism and cronyism. Because these two opportunity constraints are widely condemned in Iceland, we suggest that only opportunity barriers defined as social problems in a given society are salient enough to influence status justice evaluations.

Touristification, transnational gentrification and urban change in Lisbon: The neighbourhood of Alfama

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (15) ◽  
pp. 3169-3189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Sequera ◽  
Jordi Nofre
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Real Estate Investment ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Accumulation By Dispossession ◽  
Tax Benefits

The Great Recession (2008–2014) and the consequent crises in both the national financial and production systems have led the Portuguese administration to adopt tourism and urban rehabilitation as new pivotal sectors to overcome the critical crisis-derived impacts on the economy and society. Moreover, both national and local administrations have deployed a range of legislative initiatives to attract transnational real estate investment and new high-income residents to the country, including generous tax benefits and residency permits for large foreign investors. This is of greater relevance in the historic neighbourhoods of Lisbon city centre, as in the case of Alfama, which has recently been transformed into one of the most important urban hotspots in the country for both local and transnational real estate investors. By focusing on this historic quarter of Lisbon, this paper examines how processes of gentrification and studentification occurring in the area since the late 1990s and early 2000s have been disrupted by recent processes of touristification and Airbnbisation in Alfama, transforming the entire neighbourhood into an ‘outdoor hotel’. The paper concludes by suggesting that, while urban touristification appears today as a new reproduction mechanism of glocal financial capital, the Airbnbisation of former lower-class central urban areas of post-recession southern European cities emerges as the newest, most aggressive form of urban accumulation by dispossession and spatial displacement against the working and middle-lower classes (both locals and migrants) of the ‘tourist city’.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Edmiston
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Welfare Policy ◽  
Political Agency ◽  
Social Citizenship ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

This book has examined the relationship between inequality and social citizenship through the everyday accounts of notionally equal citizens in austerity Britain. In doing so, it has sought to establish how citizens perceive and negotiate the material and status hierarchies that condition their lives. In particular, whether and how individuals experiencing relative deprivation and affluence develop distinctive modes of reference, attachment and engagement when it comes to welfare and social citizenship. Since the Great Recession, public service reforms and fiscal recalibration have resulted in an increasingly individualistic and commodified welfare settlement in the UK. These developments have given rise to fault lines in the subjectivity and political agency of social citizens that need to be understood within and as contributing towards systemic processes of inclusion and exclusion. Through a schematic summary of the key themes and lessons that have emerged from this book, this concluding chapter considers what this reveals about the rise of anti-social citizenship and its implications for welfare policy and politics going forward.

“Wouldn’t You Walk Away?” Foreclosures and Homeowner Understandings

2018 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-187
Author(s):  
Carol L. Cleaveland ◽  
Debra Lattanzi Shutika
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Subprime Mortgage ◽  
Dominant Ideology ◽  
House Values ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Mortgage Crisis ◽  
Economic Collapse

Social work scholarship on neoliberalism—the dominant ideology and policies shaping access to housing, jobs, healthcare, and education—is in its infancy. This study examines the ground-level impact of the subprime mortgage crisis that triggered the Great Recession in 2008, examining how homeowners interpreted the changes to their neighborhood as they witnessed a remarkably high rate of foreclosures during the economic collapse of 2008-2010. Residents of a suburban community were unaware of the lending and banking practices that transformed their neighborhoods, though these policies arguably depreciated house values and a sense of well-being. Not knowing the culpability of predatory lenders in the crisis, some residents turned to an anti-immigrant social movement to preserve their community.

scholarly journals Who Suffers During Recessions?

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Hoynes ◽  
Douglas L Miller ◽  
Jessamyn Schaller
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycles ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Hispanic Workers ◽  
And Gender

In this paper, we examine how business cycles affect labor market outcomes in the United States. We conduct a detailed analysis of how cycles affect outcomes differentially across persons of differing age, education, race, and gender, and we compare the cyclical sensitivity during the Great Recession to that in the early 1980s recession. We present raw tabulations and estimate a state panel data model that leverages variation across U.S. states in the timing and severity of business cycles. We find that the impacts of the Great Recession are not uniform across demographic groups and have been felt most strongly for men, black and Hispanic workers, youth, and low-education workers. These dramatic differences in the cyclicality across demographic groups are remarkably stable across three decades of time and throughout recessionary periods and expansionary periods. For the 2007 recession, these differences are largely explained by differences in exposure to cycles across industry-occupation employment.

scholarly journals Review of Cut Adrift: Families in Insecure Times

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip N. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Moment

The questions Marianne Cooper asks are relevant beyondthe context of the Great Recession – the event that headlines her analysis – but the crisis of the moment underscores their importance: How do people (women, men, families) increasingly charged with managing their owneconomic security experience and handle that task, emotionally? And further, what do the social class differences in that process tell us about life in an era of ballooning economic inequality?

scholarly journals The Changing Nature of Gender Selection into Employment over the Great Recession

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan J Dolado ◽  
Cecilia Garcίa-Peñalosa ◽  
Linas Tarasonis
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Large Female ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Added Worker Effect ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Workforce Composition ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The Great Recession has strongly influenced employment patterns across skill and gender groups in EU countries. We analyze how these changes in workforce composition might distort comparisons of conventional measures of gender wage gaps via non-random selection of workers into EU labour markets. We document that male selection (traditionally disregarded) has become positive during the recession, particularly in Southern Europe. As for female selection (traditionally positive), our findings are twofold. Following an increase in the LFP of less-skilled women, due to an added-worker effect, these biases declined in some countries where new female entrants were able to find jobs, whereas they went up in other countries which suffered large female employment losses. Finally, we document that most of these changes in selection patterns were reversed during the subsequent recovery phase, confirming their cyclical nature.

scholarly journals Did the Great Recession increase suicides in the USA? Evidence from an Interrupted Time Series analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Harper
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
The United States ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

PurposeResearch suggests that the Great Recession of 2007–2009 led to nearly 5000 excess suicides in the United States. However, prior work has not accounted for seasonal patterning and unique suicide trends by age and gender.MethodsWe calculated monthly suicide rates from 1999 to 2013 for men and women aged 15 and above. Suicide rates before the Great Recession were used to predict the rate during and after the Great Recession. Death rates for each age-gender group were modeled using Poisson regression with robust variance, accounting for seasonal and nonlinear suicide trajectories.ResultsThere were 56,658 suicide deaths during the Great Recession. Age- and gender-specific suicide trends before the recession demonstrated clear seasonal and nonlinear trajectories. Our models predicted 57,140 expected suicide deaths, leading to 482 fewer observed than expected suicides (95% confidence interval −2079, 943).ConclusionsWe found little evidence to suggest that the Great Recession interrupted existing trajectories of suicide rates. Suicide rates were already increasing before the Great Recession for middle-aged men and women. Future studies estimating the impact of recessions on suicide should account for the diverse and unique suicide trajectories of different social groups.

scholarly journals Fertility Response to Economic Recessions in Finland 1991–2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 15-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki Hiilamo
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Regional Data ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Economic Recessions ◽  
Effect Regression ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

Previous studies have established a robust negative association between unemployment and fertility. Finland has experienced two periods of deep economic recessions within last 25 years, one in the early 1990s and the other during the Great Recession in the 2000s. This study analyzes fertility response to economic recession in Finland through total and gender specific unemployment between 1991 and 2015 with sub-regional data. The method of analysis is sub-region fixed effect regression. The changes in unemployment were associated with changes in fertility in Finland from 1991 to 2015. One percentage increase in unemployment reduced delivery rate by 0.13 percentages. The effect of unemployment on fertility was stronger during the Great recession than during the recession in the 1990s.

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