scholarly journals David versus Goliath: Tanzania’s Efforts to Stand Up to Foreign Gas Corporations

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
Andrzej Polus ◽  
Wojciech Tycholiz
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labour ◽  
World Systems ◽  
World Systems Theory ◽  
Asymmetry Of Information ◽  
The Core ◽  
Mineral Wealth ◽  
The Status ◽  
Global North ◽  
Foreign Corporations ◽  
Resource Sector

This article presents and analyses how Tanzania, a country on the global “periphery” with a natural resource sector dominated by capital from the Global North, has thus far failed to transform its mineral wealth into sustained economic development. Using Immanuel Wallerstein’s “world systems theory” as the theoretical framework, we exemplify how the “core” exploited gold reserves in the 1990s and into the new century – and what techniques and mechanisms (e.g. asymmetry of information, imposition of inadequate management structures) it now currently uses to develop the nascent gas sector to its advantage. Scrutinising actions undertaken by the Tanzanian president to concentrate power, root out corruption, and to stand up to profit-maximising foreign corporations – or what we call the “Magufuli effect” – as way of illustration, we also demonstrate how Tanzania is trying to change its role within the international division of labour and how the core attempts to maintain the status quo meanwhile.

The Marxist Critique of International Political Theory

2018 ◽  
pp. 651-663
Author(s):  
Andrew Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
International Politics ◽  
World Systems ◽  
World Systems Theory ◽  
Modern Politics ◽  
International Political Theory ◽  
The Status ◽  
Leading Schools ◽  
Normative Issues

Marxism’s critique of International Political Theory (IPT) is not of specific themes but of how the latter understands international politics generally. Where IPT typically focuses on ethical and normative issues and problems of justice, Marxism has always given priority to capitalism and class, which it regards as fundamental to modern politics and as inadequately recognized within IPT. Marxism therefore rejects the view of the international as a shared “societal” space open to negotiation and compromise, and instead emphasizes irreconcilable conflict and exploitation. Through its leading schools of Imperialism, World Systems Theory, and Neo-Gramscian theory, Marxism has provided accounts of international politics that strongly contrast with the concerns of IPT. However, a potentially more far-reaching line of critique, drawing upon Marx’s analysis of liberal forms, remains undeveloped because Marxism has not yet clarified the status of the international within its theoretical space.

scholarly journals Diaspora knowledge networks for development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anusha Sundaram
Keyword(s):  
Network Formation ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Knowledge Networks ◽  
Brain Circulation ◽  
World Systems ◽  
Global Order ◽  
World Systems Theory ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
The Relationship

This paper will consider the concept of Diaspora Knowledge Networks, (DKNs) and examine the relationship between DKNs and homeland development. Using a framework of World Systems Theory, it will lay out how skilled labour migration leads to diaspora network formation and that tactical brain circulation on the part of DKNs can provide home countries with the agency in the World System through a form of transnationalism from below. Recognizing that DKNs are socially constructed, and as a result replete with gender and power imbalances, it is posited that DKNs feed into and reproduce the global division of labour and with it all the implications for migration that go with this new global order. Finally this paper lays out the gaps within the literature on DKNs, namely in the areas of gender, race and the role of state securitization, and calls for further research so that policies harnessing DKNs for development may be more effective.

scholarly journals Diaspora knowledge networks for development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anusha Sundaram
Keyword(s):  
Network Formation ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Knowledge Networks ◽  
Brain Circulation ◽  
World Systems ◽  
Global Order ◽  
World Systems Theory ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
The Relationship

This paper will consider the concept of Diaspora Knowledge Networks, (DKNs) and examine the relationship between DKNs and homeland development. Using a framework of World Systems Theory, it will lay out how skilled labour migration leads to diaspora network formation and that tactical brain circulation on the part of DKNs can provide home countries with the agency in the World System through a form of transnationalism from below. Recognizing that DKNs are socially constructed, and as a result replete with gender and power imbalances, it is posited that DKNs feed into and reproduce the global division of labour and with it all the implications for migration that go with this new global order. Finally this paper lays out the gaps within the literature on DKNs, namely in the areas of gender, race and the role of state securitization, and calls for further research so that policies harnessing DKNs for development may be more effective.

The Sociology of Refugee Migration

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 387-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Scott FitzGerald ◽  
Rawan Arar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
World Systems ◽  
Household Economy ◽  
World Systems Theory ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Mutual Engagement ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Global North ◽  
Path Dependent

Theorization in the sociology of migration and the field of refugee studies has been retarded by a path-dependent division that we argue should be broken down by greater mutual engagement. Excavating the construction of the refugee category reveals how unwarranted assumptions shape contemporary disputes about the scale of refugee crises, appropriate policy responses, and suitable research tools. Empirical studies of how violence interacts with economic and other factors shaping mobility offer lessons for both fields. Adapting existing theories that may not appear immediately applicable, such as household economy approaches, helps explain refugees’ decision-making processes. At a macro level, world systems theory sheds light on the interactive policies around refugees across states of origin, mass hosting, asylum, transit, and resettlement. Finally, focusing on the integration of refugees in the Global South reveals a pattern that poses major challenges to theories of assimilation and citizenship developed in settler states of the Global North.

scholarly journals Poland in international migrations: the perspective of world systems theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
Cezary Żołędowski
Keyword(s):  
Systems Theory ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Systems ◽  
World Systems Theory ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One

AbstractThis article presents the special status of Poland, namely as a country that both sends out and takes in large numbers of migrant workers. Drawing on the world systems theory, the role attributed to Poland is that of semi-periphery, which means a specific kind of suspension between the status of an immigration centre, resembling western Europe, and the status of a migration periphery, such as the one constituted by the eastern part of the continent. Poland continues to be viewed as peripheral by its own citizens who decide to emigrate and, at the same time, becomes an immigration sub-centre for migrants coming from less-developed countries. In this article, the distinctive features of the special position of Poland are discussed. The conclusions drawn are supported by empirical evidence, including data on migration flows and interviews both with Poles working abroad and foreigners employed in Poland.

Core-Periphery Divisions Among Labor Activists at the World Social Forum

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Kwon ◽  
Ellen Reese ◽  
Kadambari Anantram
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Organized Labor ◽  
World Systems ◽  
World Systems Theory ◽  
World Social Forum ◽  
World Government ◽  
The Core ◽  
Labor Activists ◽  
The World ◽  
International Strategies

This article examines, through a quantitative analysis of survey data, the extent to which union members and labor activists attending the World Social Forum from different world system zones vary in their political goals and activities. Consistent with world systems theory, we find that labor activists from the semiperiphery protested most frequently whie their counterparts from the periphery protested the least frequently. We also found that union members and labor activists from the periphery were significantly more supportive of reforming (rather than abolishing and replacing) capitalism and international financial and trade institutions compared to their counterparts from other zones, although this finding disappears after local (Kenyan) participants are excluded from the analysis. Finally, we find that representatives of organized labor from the semiperiphery were the least supportive of proposals for creating a democratic world government, while those from the core were the most supportive of global/international strategies for social change.

scholarly journals In the midst of theory and practice: a foreword

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hannes Peltonen ◽  
Knut Traisbach
Keyword(s):  
Social World ◽  
World Society ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
The Core ◽  
Critical Engagement ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status

Abstract This foreword frames the Symposium in two ways. It summarises the core themes running through the nine ‘meditations’ in The Status of Law in World Society. Moreover, it places these themes in the wider context of Kratochwil's critical engagement with how we pursue knowledge of and in the social world and translate this knowledge into action. Ultimately, also his pragmatic approach cannot escape the tensions between theory and practice. Instead, we are in the midst of both.

scholarly journals Demanded and Feared: Transnational Convergencies in National Educational Systems and Their (Expectable) Effects

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christel Adick
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
World Systems ◽  
World Systems Theory ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
National Education ◽  
National Education Systems ◽  
Immanuel Wallerstein ◽  
The Impact

The article focuses on the impact of social developments related to ‘globalisation’ on education. In line with the world systems approach as most prominently expounded by Immanuel Wallerstein the author conceptualises globalisation not as a new development, but as the current expression of a long historical process originating in sixteenth century Europe. In order to make use of world systems theory for education, the author makes a strong argument in favour of taking Bourdieu's concepts of cultural capital and the relative autonomy of the educational system into account. On this basis, the author reviews a secondary analysis based on numerous studies of national education systems with respect to the various degrees of convergence, divergence and variation. It is argued with reference to the neo-institutionalist approach of the Stanford group that convergence and standardisation in education are not questions of affirmation or rejection as much as historical processes that by no means imply a deterministic implementation of an economic rationale.

Understanding the Global–Local Nexus in the Context of the Olympic Games: Implications for Managing Community Development Through Sport Megaevents

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
NaRi Shin ◽  
Jon Welty Peachey
Keyword(s):  
Systems Theory ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Host Community ◽  
World Systems ◽  
World Systems Theory ◽  
Winter Olympics ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Diverse Data ◽  
The Olympic Games

In this study, the authors sought to understand the influence of the Olympic Games on a host community’s globalization and development using world-systems theory and theories of globalization (i.e., glocalization and grobalization). The host community for the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics (Daegwallyeong-myeon in South Korea) was the focus of this investigation. Using a global ethnographic approach, the authors collected diverse data through interviews, observations, archival and media documents, and field notes. Findings identified five key themes: (a) perception of underdevelopment, (b) the Organizing Committee’s institutional management of the global standard, (c) the Organizing Committee’s role as a negotiator between the global standard and the locality, (d) resident perspectives on global standards and regulations, and (e) aspirations to globalize Daegwallyeong-myeon. Through this study, the authors advance the use of world-systems theory and expand the concept of grobalization in the context of sport megaevent management by discussing global–local configurations and local agents’ desires to transform the community through Olympic-driven development and globalization.

The Receding Animal: Theorizing Anxiety and Attachment in Psychoanalysis from Freud to Imre Hermann

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Marinelli ◽  
Andreas Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Oedipus Complex ◽  
Death Instinct ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Status ◽  
Animal Phobias ◽  
Indirect Observation ◽  
To Come ◽  
Wolf Man ◽  
Little Hans

ArgumentAnimals played an important role in the formation of psychoanalysis as a theoretical and therapeutic enterprise. They are at the core of texts such as Freud's famous case histories of Little Hans, the Rat Man, or the Wolf Man. The infantile anxiety triggered by animals provided the essential link between the psychology of individual neuroses and the ambivalent status of the “totem” animal in so-called primitive societies in Freud's attempt to construct an anthropological basis for the Oedipus complex in Totem and Taboo. In the following, we attempt to track the status of animals as objects of indirect observation as they appear in Freud's classical texts, and in later revisionist accounts such as Otto Rank's Trauma of Birth and Imre Hermann's work on the clinging instinct. In the 1920s and 1930s, the Freudian conception of patients' animal phobias is substantially revised within Hermann's original psychoanalytic theory of instincts which draws heavily upon ethological observations of primates. Although such a reformulation remains grounded in the idea of “archaic” animal models for human development, it allows to a certain extent to empiricize the speculative elements of Freud's later instinct theory (notably the death instinct) and to come to a more embodied account of psychoanalytic practice.

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