Examining Postdisaster Behavior Through a Criminological Lens: A Look at Property Crime

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1179-1195
Author(s):  
Kelly Frailing ◽  
Dee Wood Harper
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
Disaster Studies ◽  
Disaster Survivors

Disaster sociology has a rich and undeniably valuable history. Among other things, it has revealed much about the behavior of disaster survivors. In recent years, criminologists have turned their attention and the discipline’s theories, methods, and data sources to understanding behavior in the wake of disasters and have come to a number of additional and sometimes different conclusions than did sociologists. In this article, we examine property crime in the wake of some recent and high-profile disasters. We find short-term increases in burglary after a number of disasters, ostensibly challenging some long-held notions in disaster sociology. We contend that the use of criminological methods including secondary analysis of extant data to understand behavior after disasters provides a more nuanced and accurate picture of postdisaster behavior and conclude with a call for inclusion of these theories, methods, and data sources in disaster studies more widely.

Six-month and 12-month patient outcomes based on inflammatory subphenotypes in sepsis-associated ARDS: secondary analysis of SAILS-ALTOS trial

Thorax ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. thoraxjnl-2020-216613
Author(s):  
Mohamed D Hashem ◽  
Ramona O Hopkins ◽  
Elizabeth Colantuoni ◽  
Victor D Dinglas ◽  
Pratik Sinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Sepsis Trial

BackgroundPrior acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) trials have identified hypoinflammatory and hyperinflammatory subphenotypes, with distinct differences in short-term outcomes. It is unknown if such differences extend beyond 90 days or are associated with physical, mental health or cognitive outcomes.Methods568 patients in the multicentre Statins for Acutely Injured Lungs from Sepsis trial of rosuvastatin versus placebo were included and assigned a subphenotype. Among 6-month and 12-month survivors (N=232 and 219, respectively, representing 243 unique survivors), subphenotype status was evaluated for association with a range of patient-reported outcomes (eg, mental health symptoms, quality of life). Patient subsets also were evaluated with performance-based tests of physical function (eg, 6 min walk test) and cognition.FindingsThe hyperinflammatory versus hypoinflammatory subphenotype had lower overall 12-month cumulative survival (58% vs 72%, p<0.01); however, there was no significant difference in survival beyond 90 days (86% vs 89%, p=0.70). Most survivors had impairment across the range of outcomes, with little difference between subphenotypes at 6-month and 12-month assessments. For instance, at 6 months, in comparing the hypoinflammatory versus hyperinflammatory subphenotypes, respectively, the median (IQR) patient-reported SF-36 mental health domain score was 47 (33–56) vs 44 (35–56) (p=0.99), and the per cent predicted 6 min walk distance was 66% (48%, 80%) vs 66% (49%, 79%) (p=0.76).InterpretationComparing the hyperinflammatory versus hypoinflammatory ARDS subphenotype, there was no significant difference in survival beyond 90 days and no consistent findings of important differences in 6-month or 12-month physical, cognitive and mental health outcomes. These findings, when considered with prior results, suggest that inflammatory subphenotypes largely reflect the acute phase of illness and its short-term impact.

Housing Disinvestment and Crime in a Phoenix Suburb: Exploring the Differential Effects of Investors and Owner-Occupants

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa W. Chamberlain ◽  
Danielle Wallace ◽  
Deirdre Pfeiffer ◽  
Janne Gaub
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Housing Crisis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sociodemographic Data ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Home Sales ◽  
The Impact

External investment in neighborhoods can inhibit crime. However, during the housing crisis, many investors were foreclosed upon, triggering large-scale community disinvestment. Yet the impact of this type of disinvestment on crime is currently unknown. Combining data on crime incidents with foreclosure, home sales, and sociodemographic data, this research assesses whether the foreclosure of properties owned by investors has an effect on crime in neighborhoods in Chandler, Arizona, a suburb in the heavily affected Phoenix region. Neighborhoods with a greater proportion of foreclosures on investors (FOIs) have higher total and property crime rates in the short term. In Hispanic neighborhoods, a greater proportion of FOIs result in lower rates of crime. Results suggest that neighborhood stabilization efforts should consider the role of investors in driving short-term crime rates, and that police and code enforcement strategies might prioritize neighborhoods with a high proportion of investor foreclosures.

The Treatment of Depression: Prescribing Patterns of Antidepressants in Primary Care in the UK

1996 ◽  
Vol 168 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Donoghue ◽  
A. Tylee
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Tricyclic Antidepressants ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Educational Implications ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundConsensus has been achieved about how depression should be treated in primary care, and guidelines have been issued by the Royal Colleges of General Practitioners and Psychiatrists, and by the British Association for Psychopharmacology. One of the principal recommendations is to prescribe antidepressant medicine at effective doses. This study was established to investigate how current prescribing practices in primary care compared with these guidelines.MethodInformation on prescribing of antidepressant medicines was obtained using three independent data sources: Prescribing Analysis and Cost (PACT) data; medical notes; and a large, computerised patient record database.ResultsData were obtained on populations in excess of 1.5 million people, and over 80 000 prescriptions were reviewed. All three data sources showed very similar patterns of prescribing, in particular that as many as 88% of prescriptions for older tricyclic antidepressants are prescribed by GPs at doses below those recommended by the consensus guidelines. Newer antidepressants – lofepramine and the SSRIs – are prescribed comparatively well.ConclusionsPrescribing of antidepressants by GPs is not in line with the consensus recommendations on dosage. This may have major educational implications for GPs. A pragmatic approach to improve prescribing in the short term may be to advocate the use of lofepramine or the SSRIs as first line treatment for depression. This study validates the use of PACT data as a useful audit tool in this area of clinical practice.

scholarly journals Investigation of Slow-wave Activity Saturation during Surgical Anesthesia Reveals a Signature of Neural Inertia in Humans

2017 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Warnaby ◽  
Jamie W. Sleigh ◽  
Darren Hight ◽  
Saad Jbabdi ◽  
Irene Tracey
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Activity ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Behavioral Responsiveness ◽  
Dose Responses

Abstract Background Previously, we showed experimentally that saturation of slow-wave activity provides a potentially individualized neurophysiologic endpoint for perception loss during anesthesia. Furthermore, it is clear that induction and emergence from anesthesia are not symmetrically reversible processes. The observed hysteresis is potentially underpinned by a neural inertia mechanism as proposed in animal studies. Methods In an advanced secondary analysis of 393 individual electroencephalographic data sets, we used slow-wave activity dose-response relationships to parameterize slow-wave activity saturation during induction and emergence from surgical anesthesia. We determined whether neural inertia exists in humans by comparing slow-wave activity dose responses on induction and emergence. Results Slow-wave activity saturation occurs for different anesthetics and when opioids and muscle relaxants are used during surgery. There was wide interpatient variability in the hypnotic concentrations required to achieve slow-wave activity saturation. Age negatively correlated with power at slow-wave activity saturation. On emergence, we observed abrupt decreases in slow-wave activity dose responses coincident with recovery of behavioral responsiveness in ~33% individuals. These patients are more likely to have lower power at slow-wave activity saturation, be older, and suffer from short-term confusion on emergence. Conclusions Slow-wave activity saturation during surgical anesthesia implies that large variability in dosing is required to achieve a targeted potential loss of perception in individual patients. A signature for neural inertia in humans is the maintenance of slow-wave activity even in the presence of very-low hypnotic concentrations during emergence from anesthesia.

scholarly journals Secondary suites: a methodological approach to estimate their prevalance within the city of Toronto

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Kloet
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Housing Markets ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
Housing Typology ◽  
The City ◽  
Act One ◽  
Secondary Suites

With the introduction of Bill 140 - Strong Communities Through Affordable Housing Act, one increasingly popular housing typology is secondary suites. However, their role within local housing markets has never been fully substantiated, numerically or functionally, Over the past decade, government agencies have employed a variety of techniques to estimate the number of secondary suites within local housing markets. However, due to a number of inherent limitations associated with available data sources and collection techniques, accurately estimated their prevalence is difficult because many secondary suites are not reported. As such, most data sources do not provide a complete estimate. In an effort to overcome these limitations, the following research paper has employed a methodological approach that combined MPAC data with visual surveys. The results of this approach will help provide a more accurate picture of the entire secondary suite rental market, identifying both reported and unreported units within Toronto.

scholarly journals Game Based Cyber Security Training: are Serious Games suitable for cyber security training?

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Hendrix ◽  
Ali Al-Sherbaz ◽  
Victoria Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Serious Games ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Security Research ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Security Training ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Training

Security research and training is attracting a lot of investment and interest from governments and the private sector. Most efforts have focused on physical security, while cyber security or digital security has been given less importance. With recent high-profile attacks it has become clear that training in cyber security is needed. Serious Games have the capability to be effective tools for public engagement and behavioural change and role play games, are already used by security professionals. Thus cyber security seems especially well-suited to Serious Games. This paper investigates whether games can be effective cyber security training tools. The study is conducted by means of a structured literature review supplemented with a general web search.While there are early positive indications there is not yet enough evidence to draw any definite conclusions. There is a clear gap in target audience with almost all products and studies targeting the general public and very little attention given to IT professionals and managers. The products and studies also mostly work over a short period, while it is known that short-term interventions are not particularly effective at affecting behavioural change.

scholarly journals Nowcasting and forecasting provincial-level SARS-CoV-2 case positivity using google search data in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine O. Nsoesie ◽  
Karla Therese L. Sy ◽  
Olubusola Oladeji ◽  
Raesetje Sefala ◽  
Brooke E. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Search Data ◽  
Response Measures ◽  
Google Search

ABSTRACTData from non-traditional data sources, such as social media, search engines, and remote sensing, have previously demonstrated utility for disease surveillance. Few studies, however, have focused on countries in Africa, particularly during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In this study, we use searches of COVID-19 symptoms, questions, and at-home remedies submitted to Google to model COVID-19 in South Africa, and assess how well the Google search data forecast short-term COVID-19 trends. Our findings suggest that information seeking trends on COVID-19 could guide models for anticipating COVID-19 trends and coordinating appropriate response measures.

scholarly journals How did I as a student music therapist, use songwriting techniques to facilitate self-expression with adolescents in a mental health school setting?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Emma Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Music Therapist ◽  
Clinical Notes ◽  
Therapy Sessions

<p>The purpose of this research was to understand how a student music therapist was able to facilitate self-expression using specific songwriting techniques, during long term and short term, group and individual music therapy sessions. Long term is considered a four-month period of weekly sessions, and short term is considered a single session. This research took place at an educational facility where I was working with adolescents with various mental health issues. In this exegesis, I discuss the various definitions of self-expressions as defined in literature, and consider the ways this relates to songwriting methods chosen and applied during therapy. A qualitative method of research was used, using secondary analysis of data collected from five months of Music Therapy practice. Thematic analysis was applied to clinical notes from sessions, student review statements and personal reflective practitioner journal. I was guided by music therapy literature discussing songwriting that I had been drawing on for the benefit of my practice. My analysis revealed that I developed specifically tailored methods and techniques for individuals and groups, which would begin with how they would like to approach their songwriting. I also found, that alongside more well documented techniques such as lyric writing and composition, improvisation and song planning were of high value to my practice and therefore were included as therapeutic songwriting techniques in my findings.</p>

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