Article Commentary: Symptomatic Splenomegaly in Polycythemia Vera: A Review of the Indications for Splenectomy and Perioperative Considerations

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 363-368
Author(s):  
Melissa S. Logan ◽  
Christopher M. Watson ◽  
James M. Nottingham
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Polycythemia Vera ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Special Consideration ◽  
Indications For Surgery ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Treatment Indications ◽  
The Subject

Polycythemia vera is a condition that surgeons do not commonly encounter. Advances in medical management have largely led to avoidance of surgical intervention in most patients. Indications and timing of splenectomy have been the subject of debate since the disease was first described in the late 19th century. Though anemia and thrombocytopenia associated with polycythemia vera only transiently respond to splenectomy, painful splenomegaly with infarction or compression of surrounding viscera are presently accepted indications for surgery. Special consideration must be given to polycythemia vera patients both preoperatively and postoperatively due to altered coagulation and anatomy. We present a review of the pathophysiology, medical treatment, indications for surgical intervention, and perioperative considerations for polycythemia vera.

“In True Relations”: Love, Friendship, and Alternative Society in Emerson

Prospects ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 35-60
Author(s):  
Frank M. Meola
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
British Society ◽  
Social Connection ◽  
Walter Pater ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Single Moment ◽  
The Subject

At one point in “The Soul of Man Under Socialism,” an essay that deals directly neither with the soul nor with socialism, Oscar Wilde quotes obliquely from Ralph Waldo Emerson:[People] go through their lives in a sort of coarse comfort, like petted animals, without ever realising that they are probably thinking other people's thoughts, living by other people's standards, wearing practically what one may call other people's second-hand clothes, and never being themselves for a single moment. “He who would be free,” says a fine thinker, “must not conform.” And authority, by bribing people to conform, produces a very gross kind of over-fed barbarism among us. (267)That Wilde was attracted to Emersonian nonconformity is not surprising, and the similarities between the two writers are striking. But my reason for citing Wilde, the ur-homosexual and model of iconoclasm, is that I want to show that Emerson is as innovative a thinker as Wilde, and that indeed on the subject of individualism and personal relationships he is far more so. In fact, Wilde can be seen as taking certain ideas of his teacher Walter Pater and giving them an Emersonian and American cast, expressing more openly Pater's cloistered Oxford radicalism. The “Socialism” essay in particular develops strong connections among aestheticism, individualism, and sociopolitical dissent, revealing a strong desire for alternatives to late-19th-century British society. And of course in the case of Pater as well as Wilde, the need for individualism and the quest for new forms of social connection have obvious links to both writers' alternative sexual orientation. What makes Emerson more radical, more, if you will, “queer,” is precisely that he is not arguing for any sexual orientation, but is attempting — many years before the Oxford aesthetes — to create a free space for alternative forms of gender and new forms of personal relationships to develop. Emerson values dis-orientation more than any orientation.

scholarly journals ECTOPIC PREGNANCY;

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 242-245
Author(s):  
ROBINA ALI ◽  
Uzma AFZAL
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Resolution Time ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Extrauterine Pregnancy ◽  
Medical College

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of systemic methotrexate for treatment of unruptured ectopic pregnancy. Introduction:Ectopic Pregnancy is pregnancy that occurs in any location other than the uterus. 95% to 98% are tubal ectopics, but the number of ovarian,abdominal and cervical implantations is rising as does the number of heterotopic pregnancies. Study Design: Prospective experimental study.Setting: DHQ Hospital affiliated with Punjab Medical College Faisalabad. Period: Jan-2009 to Dec-2009. Patient & Method: A total of 45women were admitted with diagnosis of extrauterine pregnancy. But only 10 women fulfilled the criteria for medical management. Out of these80% patients required no surgical intervention. However 20% needed surgery. 60% patients suffered from lower abdominal or pelvic pain. 20%required 2nd dose of methotrexate. Average ß-hCG resolution time was 35 days. Conclusions: With early diagnosis and proper selectioncriteria adoption, medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy with systemic methotrexate is an effective and safe alternative to surgicalinterventions.

Martin Luther’s Reformatory Discovery

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietrich Korsch
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Logical Structure ◽  
Theological Reflection ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The Core ◽  
Final Development ◽  
God's Word ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Question ◽  
The Church

In the debate on Luther’s Reformatory Discovery two elements come together: the systematic question of how to determine the essential content of reformatory theology, that is, the core of Reformation itself, and the historical question of the point in his life at which Luther reached this insight. The debate arose first in the late 19th century, when the essence of Protestantism was brought into question and scholars tried to find an answer in the writings of Luther himself. This historical and methodological conjunction leads to different results concerning both the religious content of the discovery and the date when Luther discovered it. Two main answers have been given. The first supposes that it is the logical structure of self-annihilation and divine affirmation that is specifically reformatory. Luther came to this insight during his first lecture on Psalms, about 1514. This means that he certainly knew what his new theology contained when the indulgences controversy broke out. The second theory underscores that Luther had to establish a kind of outward kerygmatic reality in order to make the inner conflict and contradiction of sentiments acceptable. He reached this position only in 1518, that is, after the beginning of the controversy over indulgences in 1517. Therefore, the final development of Luther’s reformatory insight took place in the confrontation with the ecclesiastical powers of his day. For many years the debate focused upon a late text by Luther, namely, the preface of the first volume of his Latin works in 1545. It has to be admitted that Luther offered there his own recollection of the beginning of his new theology. But he did so quite briefly, concentrating only on the notion of iustitia passiva. This is a proper term for the content of the reformatory insight, but Luther did not fully explain the spiritual and practical context. Therefore, one must imagine that the Reformatory Discovery came about through a longer process of theological reflection, including its biblical, conceptual, spiritual, and ecclesial consequences. It is significant that the conflict with the Roman Church came up exactly when Luther stressed the externality of God’s Word for establishing the inner status of humankind before God. The church can only be the medium, not the subject, of salvation. And the correspondence to God’s Word means quite simply faith, that is, the acceptance of being accepted by God. One must reckon here with a process that began with Luther’s first lectures in 1513 and came to an end by 1520. Luther’s “On the Freedom of a Christian” of 1520 clearly shows his reformatory discovery fully established.

10. The spread of bacterial infection, the problem of herd immunity Topley WWC, Wilson GS. J Hyg 1923; 21: 243–249

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (S1) ◽  
pp. S35-S36
Author(s):  
PAUL FINE
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The Subject

This paper [1] is a milestone in the literature on infectious diseases. To put it in context, we recall that the late 19th century saw the construction of the germ theory, and its ultimate acceptance by the medical profession. The massive research effort led by Pasteur and Koch and their followers demonstrated a variety of infectious agents, catalogued their properties, and traced their pathogenesis in infected hosts. An understanding of the behaviour of infections in populations came only later, in the early 20th century, exemplified in the work of Ross on malaria [2], which was extrapolated to all infections in his ‘theory of happenings’ [3], and of Hamer on measles [4]. But there remained a tension between those who viewed infections from the perspective of the laboratory, with its emphasis upon biological properties, and those who viewed disease from the perspective of population statistics [5], which lent itself to more abstract and mathematical descriptions of epidemiological patterns. Fierce battles were waged between these disciplines, as between Almroth Wright and Karl Pearson on the subject of typhoid vaccination [6, 7].

scholarly journals The Omahu Affair, the Law of Succession and the Native Land Court

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Richard Boast
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Privy Council ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Native Land ◽  
Council Decision ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
Law Of Succession

This article discusses the Omahu affair, a prominent legal drama that took place in the late 19th century involving prominent Māori leaders from the Hawke’s Bay region. The case was the subject of numerous Native Land Court hearings, decisions of the ordinary courts, and ultimately a Privy Council decision in London. This article considers how tensions within the Māori community could drive cases in the Native Land Court, and explores the interconnections between that Court and the ordinary courts. It seeks to promote a more sophisticated view of the Court's role, particularly in the context of inter-Māori disputes, as well as of the complexities of legal and political affairs in 19th century New Zealand. The article also raises some questions relating to the role of elites in the Māori community, and the interconnections between Māori and European elites in 19th century New Zealand.

scholarly journals Heracles's weariness and apotheosis in Classical Greek art

Synthesis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. e042
Author(s):  
Antonio Orlando Dourado Lopes
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Greek Art ◽  
Intellectual Climate

In this paper, I propose a general interpretation of images showing the physical exhaustion and apotheosis of Heracles that were produced during the Classical period. These images appear on or take the form of coins, jewels, vase paintings, and sculptures. Building on the major scholarly work on the subject since the late 19th century, I suggest that the iconography of Heracles shows the influence of new religious and philosophical conceptions of his myth, in particular relating to Pythagoreanism, Orphism, and mystery cults, as well as the intellectual climate of 5th century Athens. Rather than appearing as an example of infinite toil and excess in the manner of earlier literary and iconographic representations, Heracles is presented in the Classical period as a model of virtue and self-restraint and a symbol of the triumph of merit over adversity and divine persecution.

An Anglo-Saxon mystery

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Nash
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The Subject

The Anglo-Saxon poem called Wulf and Eadwacer, a text so deeply embedded in ambiguity as to have achieved canonic status on that account alone, is the subject of this exercise, which reviews briefly the progress of interpretation from the late 19th century to the present time. It then considers methods of study, as orientated from the source-text, which begets translations, or, conversely from various translations leading back to the source. The pedagogic implications of ‘teaching a poem’ arise out of this discussion, which consequently questions the purpose and value of translation as an instructional and imaginative exercise.

As Unconscious and Gay as a Trout in a Stream?: Turning the Trope of the Australian Girl

2003 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Tanya Dalziell
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Romance Novels ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Subject

The instability of colonial representational economies, identities and tropes is the subject of analysis in this paper. I take as my starting point the anxieties that were generated during the late 19th century in relation to what I nominate the fictitiousness of settler subjects in colonial Australia. In order to examine these historical concerns and their explicitly gendered representations, I consider in detail one text, Rosa Campbell Praed's Fugitive Anne: A Romance of the Unexplored Bush (1902). This text was published in 1902 and was one of a number of romance novels this author produced for readerships in both colonial Australia and England. This adventure romance features the trope of the Australian Girl and also engages in varying degrees with discourses of colonial ethnography that, to my knowledge, have not been examined in relation to the ideological production and effects of this figure.

scholarly journals ON THE ROLE OF MUSLIM INTELLECTUALS

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Murad Wilfried Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Muslim Intellectuals ◽  
As If ◽  
The Way

Before delving into the subject of the role of Muslim intellectuals, weshould agree on what we mean when using the term.The meaning of the word Muslim is well-known because it has beendefined in the Qur’an itself. According to Sfirut ul-Nisi, verse 125, aMuslim is someone “who submits his whole self to Allah, does what isgood, and follows the way of Ibrahim.” And according to verse 136 ofthe same sfiruh a Muslim is he who believes “in Allah, and His messengers,and the scriptures which He has sent down to those before.” Finally,Sfirut ul-Tuwbah says in verse 7 1 that believing Muslims “order what isright and forbid what is wrong, observe their prayers, pay zakat, andobey Allah and His messenger.”The meaning of the word intellectual is more difficult to determine andis not defined in the Qur’an. In fact, this term has been used only sincethe late 19th century. For our purposes, I do not propose to define asintellectual everybody who is “cultured” or academically trained-inArabic al-muthaqifin. Rather, I should like to restrict the term to what iscalled in Arabic al-mufuqirfin: analytical minds who communicate, asopinion leaders, through lecturing or publishing and do not just sit athome, thinking and criticizing.So we know what, or who, a Muslim intellectual is. But do such individualsexist?It is well known that the so-called elite of Europe, also of KemalistTurkey, came to believe that there was a contradiction between beingintelligent and believing in God. In fact, from the middle of the 19th centuryto the present time, considered it Western and Turkish academicsconsidered it intellectually chic to be an agnostic or an atheist, in particularif one was a leftist-as if intellectualism was a privilege of the Left,and not to be found on the conservative Right.This attitude, still pervasive today, goes back to the so-called Age ofReason and the Enlightenment-budding with Descartes in the 17th ...

scholarly journals CIRCULAR RESECTION OF THE TRACHEA FOR CICATRICIAL STENOSIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Махутов ◽  
Valeriy Makhutov ◽  
Скворцов ◽  
Moisey Skvortsov ◽  
Иноземцев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Surgery ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygenation ◽  
Suture Materials ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Suture Tension ◽  
Anastomosis Leakage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Treatment Procedures

The primary interventions for trachea in the thoracic surgery units are performed for the treatment of cicatricial ste-nosis of the trachea. Circular resection of the trachea is one of the treatment procedures in this pathology. The benefit of this method as compared to the others is that the resection with tracheo-tracheal anastomosis allows a one-stage recovery of patient with this pathology.The first successful resection of the trachea was performed in the late 19th century, and since then this surgery tech-nique is constantly being improved. Several methods of suture placing in anastomosis surgery are proposed, different suture materials are used, special devices are developed to facilitate the anastomosis performing. There are several tactics depending on the presence or absence of tracheostome in the patient. Different methods are worked out to approximate the trachea ends with different diameters. Prevention of anastomosis leakage is achieved by strengthen-ing the anastomosis area to reduce the suture tension. In addition, there are studies dealing with the improvement of trachea regeneration by physiotherapy impact on the anastomosis area. Laser therapy and hyperbaric oxygenation are also put forward for use.Nevertheless, a number of items remain to be solved: indications for circular resection of the trachea are not clearly formulated, the size of trachea fragment to be resect is the subject of active discussion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document