Contact Endoscopy for Intraoperative Parathyroid Identification

2003 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério A. Dedivitis ◽  
André V. Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
Parathyroid Tissue ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
The Other ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Thyroid Parenchyma

Experienced thyroid surgeons are often able to identify the parathyroid glands, but sometimes it is difficult to differentiate them from other contiguous tissues. Contact endoscopy was introduced in otolaryngology for the characterization of normal and pathological epithelia. Our objective was to analyze contact endoscopy as an auxiliary method for identification of the parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery. Five total thyroidectomies and 5 hemithyroidectomies were performed in September 2001. After surgical exposure, contact endoscopy was performed. A total of 15 peritracheal regions were studied. Superior and inferior parathyroid tissues were identified on the basis of color, size, and probable location. Contact endoscopy was performed before and after use of methylene blue stain. Contact endoscopy was also used in neighboring areas. We compared the visual impression to the contact endoscopy findings. Two structures were visually supposed to be the superior and inferior parathyroid glands in each case. From 30 visually supposed glands, 25 were confirmed by telescope. Of the other 5 structures initially supposed to be parathyroid tissue, 3 were adipose tissue and 2 were thyroid parenchyma. In the 5 cases in which the identification of one of the glands was not confirmed, an additional contact examination enabled us to further identify parathyroid glands in 3 cases in which structures were initially identified as adipose tissue. Contact endoscopy is an efficient auxiliary method for the identification of the parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery that poses little risk of morbidity to the patient.

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Minyak Ikan dari Pemurnian Limbah Ikan Tuna dengan Zeolit Secara Kromatografi Kolom

Jurnal MIPA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Johanis Sabar ◽  
Feti Fatimah ◽  
Johnly A. Rorong
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tuna Fish ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
Traditional Market ◽  
Before And After

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui kandungan DHA dan EPA yang terdapat dalam minyak ikan hasil dari pemurnian limbah ikan tuna menggunakan zeolit alam dan mengidentifikasi senyawa kimia pada minyak ikan. Kajian yang dilakukan meliputi pengambilan limbah ikan secara acak dari pasar tradisional, ekstraksi minyak ikan dengan cara refluks, pemurnian minyak ikan dengan kromatografi kolom menggunakan zeolit dan karakterisasi senyawa kimia dari minyak ikan sebelum dan sesudah pemurnian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa warna dan bau dari minyak ikan sebelum pemurnian yaitu coklat kehitaman dan amat menyengat dan setelah pemurnian warna dan bau minyak ikan yaitu coklat kekuningan dan tidak menyengat. Minyak ikan tuna memiliki rendemen dan kadar air yakni sebelum pemurnian sebesar 4,73% dan 3,36% serta sesudah pemurnian 2,34% dan 1,34%. Sedangkan untuk hasil GC-MS dari minyak ikan sebelum permunian yaitu 26 puncak dan sesudah pemurnian yaitu 31 puncak.A research to find DHA and EPA content in fish oil obtained by purification of tuna fish waste using natural zeolite and to identify chemical compounds in fish oil has been done. Steps included were obtaining tuna fish waste randomly from traditional market, extraction of fish oil by reflux, purification of the oil by column chromatography using natural zeolite, and characterization of chemical compounds in the oil before and after purification. The results showed that odor of the oil before purification was very pungent and its color was blackish and, on the other hand, it was not pungent and its color turned yellowish brown after the purification. In addition, the yield and water content before purification were 4.73% and 3.36%, respectively, and were 2.34% and 1.34%, respectively, after purification. Analysis using GC-MS spectrometry showed 26 peaks in oil before purification and 31 peaks in oil after purification.

scholarly journals Intraoperative Autofluorescence and Indocyanine Green Angiography for the Detection and Preservation of Parathyroid Glands

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Stefano Demarchi ◽  
Wolfram Karenovics ◽  
Benoît Bédat ◽  
Frédéric Triponez
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Parathyroid Tissue ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Endocrine Surgery ◽  
Near Infrared Imaging ◽  
Postoperative Hypoparathyroidism

Fluorescence imaging is a well-known method for both the in vivo and in vitro identification of specific cells or tissues. This imaging tool is gaining importance in the intraoperative detection and preservation of parathyroid glands during endocrine surgery owing to the intrinsic properties of parathyroid tissue. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the basics of the technology, its history, and the recent surgical intraoperative applications of near-infrared imaging methods. Moreover, a literature review of the utilization of fluorescence devices in thyroid surgery suggests that the use of near-infrared imaging seems to be beneficial in reducing postoperative hypoparathyroidism, which is one of the most frequent complications of thyroid surgery.

Characterization of Gamma Irradiated PP/LDPE Blend

2014 ◽  
Vol 353 ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Tatiana Mayumi Moori ◽  
Mauro Cesar Terence ◽  
Nilson Casimiro Pereira ◽  
Sonia Braunstein Faldini ◽  
Leila Figueiredo de Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Polymeric Chains ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gamma Irradiated

This study analyzed nine polypropylene (PP) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) blends where the mass concentrations of each sample were changed, proportionally. The aim was to investigate the tensile strength by means of these polymers best combination, before and after its exposal to gamma rays. The results showed that the 20/80 - PP/LDPE blend had a better performance concerning mechanical properties after irradiation, where the maximums tensile stress had an average increase of 30% in 30 and 50 kGy doses and 33% in the 200 kGy dose. On the other hand, it was verified that the higher blend's PP concentration, the higher its tensile strength will be (except for 100 kGy and 200 kGy doses which PP concentration over 70% can cause eventual degradation in the polymeric chains of the blend).

Characterization of Equine Adipose Tissue–Derived Progenitor Cells Before and After Cryopreservation

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisley I. Mambelli ◽  
Enrico J.C. Santos ◽  
Paulo J.R. Frazão ◽  
Mariana B. Chaparro ◽  
Alexandre Kerkis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Before And After

Feasibility of Autofluorescence for Parathyroid Glands During Thyroid Surgery and the Risk of Hypocalcemia: First Results in Belgium and Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
pp. 155335062098026
Author(s):  
Sam Van Slycke ◽  
Klaas Van Den Heede ◽  
Nele Brusselaers ◽  
Hubert Vermeersch
Keyword(s):  
Total Thyroidectomy ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
The Other ◽  
Endocrine Surgery ◽  
Autofluorescence Imaging ◽  
Tertiary Referral Centre ◽  
Potential Clinical Benefit ◽  
First Results

Background. Post-operative hypocalcemia remains the most frequent complication after total thyroidectomy. Recently, autofluorescence imaging was introduced to detect parathyroid glands early during dissection. Aim. We aimed to check the feasibility of autofluorescence regarding the number of parathyroid glands visualised and the risk of post-operative hypocalcemia. Methods. In a prospectively gathered cohort of patients undergoing thyroid surgery, we describe the risk of hypocalcemia in relation to the number of parathyroid glands visualised during surgery (and the risk reported in the scientific literature) and the feasibility to obtain an autofluorescence of the parathyroid glands. Results. From 2010 to 2019, 1083 patients were referred for total thyroidectomy in our tertiary referral centre for endocrine surgery, of which, 40 consecutive cases were operated using autofluorescence. Among the autofluorescence group, 14 (35.0%) had all 4 parathyroid glands visualised, compared to 147 (14.1%) in the other patients, without differences in the number of parathyroid glands reimplanted. No permanent hypocalcemia occurred in the autofluorescence group and 17.5% temporary hypoparathyroidism, compared to 3.1% and 31.9% among the other patients, and 4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3–5%) and 19% (95% CI 15–24%) in the literature. Conclusion. Autofluorescence imaging provides reliable real-time visualisation at any point during thyroid surgery and helps to identify the parathyroid glands before detection with the naked eye. To date, it cannot be used as a standard technique and does not replace meticulous dissection. To become a useful adjunct in peroperative parathyroid management, large multicentre studies need to establish a potential clinical benefit of this novel technique.

scholarly journals Preparation of TiO2-Fullerene Composites and Their Photocatalytic Activity under Visible Light

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-ichi Katsumata ◽  
Nobuhiro Matsushita ◽  
Kiyoshi Okada
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Visible Light Irradiation ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Solution Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Photogenerated Electrons ◽  
Ft Ir

The development of visible light-sensitive photocatalytic materials is being investigated. In this study, the anatase and rutile-C60composites were prepared by solution process. The characterization of the samples was conducted by using XRD, UV-vis, FT-IR, Raman, and TEM. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by the decolorization of the methylene blue. From the results of the Raman, FT-IR, and XRD, the existence of the C60was confirmed in the samples. The C60was modified on the anatase or rutile particle as a cluster. The C60didn't have the photocatalytic activity under UV and visible light. The anatase and rutile-C60composites exhibited lower photocatalytic activity than the anatase and rutile under UV light. The anatase-C60exhibited also lower activity than the anatase under visible light. On the other hand, the rutile-C60exhibited higher activity than the rutile under visible light. It is considered that the photogenerated electrons can transfer from the C60to the rutile under visible light irradiation.

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of Activated Carbon from Iraqi Corns Stalks

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 766-772
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Langmuir Adsorption ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Activating Agent ◽  
Characterization Of Activated Carbon

In this paper, Activated Carbon was successfully prepared from local Iraqi material namely corns stalks .Zinc chloride ZnCl2 was used as activating agent with different concentrations (20%, 40%, 60%) for 72 hours. followed by carbonization at 450 C for (2) hour. UV-Spectrophotometer used for measuring absorbance of methylene blue solutions before and after adsorption. the maximum amount adsorbed for methylene blue material of the prepared activated Carbon was studied by Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Other characteristics of the resulting activated Carbon also discussed, such as pH, Moisture Content and ash content. Finally Activated carbon prepared in this work has good properties compared to the standard samples in such a way it could be used in industrial activities due to the fact that the corn stalks available locally in our country.

An Electron Microscope Study of Interdiffusion and Compound Formation in Ta-Au Thin Films

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 32-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Tisone ◽  
S. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Thermally Grown Oxide ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Compound Formation ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Au Thin Films

In a study of the properties of a Ta-Au metallization system for thin film technology application, the interdiffusion between Ta(bcc)-Au, βTa-Au and Ta2M-Au films was studied. Considered here is a discussion of the use of the transmission electron microscope(TEM) in the identification of phases formed and characterization of the film microstructures before and after annealing.The films were deposited by sputtering onto silicon wafers with 5000 Å of thermally grown oxide. The film thicknesses were 2000 Å of Ta and 2000 Å of Au. Samples for TEM observation were prepared by ultrasonically cutting 3mm disks from the wafers. The disks were first chemically etched from the silicon side using a HNO3 :HF(19:5) solution followed by ion milling to perforation of the Au side.

A very rapid in situ Kikuchi technique to determine relative crystal misorientation

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 830-831
Author(s):  
J. I. Bennetch
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Superplastic Forming ◽  
The Other ◽  
Kikuchi Pattern ◽  
Kikuchi Line ◽  
Line Analysis

In a recent study of the superplastic forming (SPF) behavior of certain Al-Li-X alloys, the relative misorientation between adjacent (sub)grains proved to be an important parameter. It is well established that the most accurate way to determine misorientation across boundaries is by Kikuchi line analysis. However, the SPF study required the characterization of a large number of (sub)grains in each sample to be statistically meaningful, a very time-consuming task even for comparatively rapid Kikuchi analytical techniques.In order to circumvent this problem, an alternate, even more rapid in-situ Kikuchi technique was devised, eliminating the need for the developing of negatives and any subsequent measurements on photographic plates. All that is required is a double tilt low backlash goniometer capable of tilting ± 45° in one axis and ± 30° in the other axis. The procedure is as follows. While viewing the microscope screen, one merely tilts the specimen until a standard recognizable reference Kikuchi pattern is centered, making sure, at the same time, that the focused electron beam remains on the (sub)grain in question.

Functional characterization of human brown adipose tissue metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (7) ◽  
pp. 1261-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Anne Richard ◽  
Hannah Pallubinsky ◽  
Denis P. Blondin
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
And Function

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has long been described according to its histological features as a multilocular, lipid-containing tissue, light brown in color, that is also responsive to the cold and found especially in hibernating mammals and human infants. Its presence in both hibernators and human infants, combined with its function as a heat-generating organ, raised many questions about its role in humans. Early characterizations of the tissue in humans focused on its progressive atrophy with age and its apparent importance for cold-exposed workers. However, the use of positron emission tomography (PET) with the glucose tracer [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) made it possible to begin characterizing the possible function of BAT in adult humans, and whether it could play a role in the prevention or treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review focuses on the in vivo functional characterization of human BAT, the methodological approaches applied to examine these features and addresses critical gaps that remain in moving the field forward. Specifically, we describe the anatomical and biomolecular features of human BAT, the modalities and applications of non-invasive tools such as PET and magnetic resonance imaging coupled with spectroscopy (MRI/MRS) to study BAT morphology and function in vivo, and finally describe the functional characteristics of human BAT that have only been possible through the development and application of such tools.

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