Vitamin D Status in Irish Children and Adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (14) ◽  
pp. 1345-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoife Carroll ◽  
Chike Onwuneme ◽  
Malachi J. McKenna ◽  
Philip D. Mayne ◽  
Eleanor J. Molloy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements

Background. Vitamin D has important skeletal and extraskeletal roles but those living at northerly latitudes are at risk of suboptimal levels because of reduced sunlight exposure. Aim. To describe the vitamin D status of Irish children and identify factors predictive of vitamin D status. Methods. A prospective cross sectional study was undertaken over a 12 month period. Two hundred and fifty two healthy children attending for minor medical or surgical procedures were recruited. All had 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), parathyroid hormone and bone profiles measured. Results. The mean (standard deviation) for 25OHD was 51(25) nmol/L (20.4 (10) ng/mL). Forty-five percent had levels >50 nmol/L (20 ng/mL). The following variables were significantly associated with 25OHD levels >50 nmol/L (20 ng/mL): sample drawn in April-September, use of vitamin D supplements, consumption of formula milk, and non-African ethnicity. Conclusion. More than half of the children in this study had 25OHD levels less than 50 nmol/L (20 ng/mL). Vitamin D status was significantly improved by augmented oral vitamin D intake.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status and its determinants in adolescents from the Northern Ireland Young Hearts 2000 cohort

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 1061-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom R. Hill ◽  
Alice A. Cotter ◽  
Sarah Mitchell ◽  
Colin A. Boreham ◽  
Werner Dubitzky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
And Gender

Despite recent concerns about the high prevalence of sub-clinical vitamin D deficiency in adolescents, relatively few studies have investigated the underlying reasons. The objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and predictors of vitamin D inadequacy among a large representative sample of adolescents living in Northern Ireland (54–55°N). Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were analysed by enzyme-immunoassay in a subgroup of 1015 of the Northern Ireland Young Hearts 2000 cohort; a cross-sectional study of 12 and 15 year-old boys and girls. Overall mean 25(OH)D concentration throughout the year was 64·3 (range 5–174) nmol/l; 56·7 and 78·1 nmol/l during winter and summer, respectively. Reported intakes of vitamin D were very low (median 1·7 μg/d). Of those adolescents studied, 3 % and 36 % were vitamin D deficient and inadequate respectively, as defined by serum 25(OH)D concentrations < 25 and < 50 nmol/l. Of the subjects, 46 % and 17 % had vitamin D inadequacy during winter and summer respectively. Gender differences were also evident with 38 % and 55 % of boys and girls respectively classified as vitamin D inadequate during winter (P < 0·001). Predictors of vitamin D inadequacy during winter were vitamin D intake and gender. In conclusion, there is a high prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy in white-skinned adolescents in Northern Ireland, particularly during wintertime and most evident in girls. There is a clear need for dietary recommendations for vitamin D in this age group and for creative strategies to increase overall vitamin D status in the population.

Vitamin D status in Sudanese pregnant women: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 569-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed A Gaffer ◽  
Duria A Rayis ◽  
Osama G Elhussein ◽  
Ishag Adam
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
History Of ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Abstract Background Maternal vitamin D deficiency is associated with maternal and perinatal adverse effects. This study was conducted to assess the vitamin D status among pregnant Sudanese women. Methods A total of 180 pregnant women were enrolled in a cross-sectional study in Saad Abualila Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan. The medical history of each woman was collected and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Results The median age, gravidity and gestational age was 27.7 y, 1.0 and 10.7 weeks, respectively. Of the 180 woman, 169 (93.9%) had vitamin D deficiency (≤20 ng/ml). There was no correlation between the 25(OH)D level and body mass index (r=−0.135, p=0.071) or haemoglobin level (r= 0.001, p=0.999). Conclusions The current study showed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Further studies investigating the risk factors for vitamin D deficiency and the outcome of pregnancy are needed.

scholarly journals Comparison of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in exclusively and non-exclusively breastfed infants

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Analysa Margaretha Bogar ◽  
Helena Anneke Tangkilisan ◽  
Hesti Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Background Vitamin D is an essential nutrient for theprevention of rickets. Human milk typically contains a vitaminD concentration of 25 lUlL or less. Breastfed infants are at riskof vitamin D deficiency. Previous studies conducted in countrieswith four seasons have reported that risk factors associated withvitamin D deficiency influence the vitamin D status in exclusivelybreastfed infants.Objective To compare the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25 (OH)D) in exclusively and non-exclusively breastfed in-fants.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in SingkilDistrict, Manado from February to May 2011. Of 48 Posyandu(Integrated Health Center), 4 were chosen to be the sourcesof subjects for this study. Subjects were collected consecutivelyamong infants aged 6-7 months. The resulting exclusively andnon-exclusively breastfed groups had 36 infants each.Results The mean 25 (OH)D level in the exclusively breastfedgroup was 61.75 nmoliL (95% CI 58.02 to 65.48) and in the nonexclusivelybreastfed group was 85.09 nmollL (95% CI 79.49 to90.68). The difference in 25 (OH)D levels in the two groups wasstatistically significant. However, 25 (OH)D levels of both groupswere Mthin the normal range.Conclusion The 25 (OH)D level was significantly lower in ex-clusively breastfed infants compared to that in non-exclusivelybreastfed infants, but both levels were still in the normal range.[Paediatr rndones. 2012;52:157-60].

scholarly journals Factors influencing the vitamin D status of 10-year-old urban South African children

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Machuene A Poopedi ◽  
Shane A Norris ◽  
John M Pettifor
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
White Children ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Total Fat

AbstractObjectiveAssessment of vitamin D status in a cohort of healthy 10-year-old urban children and the factors that influence vitamin D status in these children.DesignA cross-sectional study. Blood samples were collected across four seasons of the year for the biochemical determination of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. Anthropometric measurements (height and weight), BMI and total fat and lean mass (determined by the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) were measured. 25(OH)D concentrations were assessed by chemiluminescent assay.SettingStudy of children in the Greater Johannesburg area of South Africa who form the Bone Health sub-cohort of the longitudinal Birth to Twenty cohort.SubjectsThree hundred and eighty-five children who form the Bone Health sub-cohort of the longitudinal Birth to Twenty cohort.ResultsWhite children had significantly higher 25(OH)D than their black peers (120·0 (sd 36·6) nmol/l v. 93·3 (sd 34·0) nmol/l, respectively). Seasonal variations in 25(OH)D levels were found only in white children, with 25(OH)D levels being significantly higher in white than in black children during the autumn and summer months. In multiple regression analysis, season, ethnicity, sex and total fat mass were the factors found to have an influence on 25(OH)D. Vitamin D deficiency (7 %) and insufficiency (19 %) were uncommon among the 10-year-old children.ConclusionsVitamin D supplementation or fortification is not warranted in healthy children living in Johannesburg. However, further studies need to confirm this in other regions of the country, especially in those living further south and with less sunshine during the winter months.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Status and Gastric Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study in Koreans

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2004
Author(s):  
Jung Hyun Kwak ◽  
Jean Kyung Paik
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Index Model ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Sufficient Vitamin

Sufficient vitamin D levels are associated with reduced Helicobacter pylori infections, which can cause gastric carcinogenesis. We examined associations between vitamin D concentrations and gastric cancer (GC) prevalence in a Korean population. We analyzed data of 33,119 adults using serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations as a biomarker of vitamin D status. Participants were classified with GC if previously diagnosed as such by a physician. After controlling for age, sex and body mass index (model A), odds ratio (OR) for GC was 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70, 0.95), with a 5-ng/mL increment in total 25(OH)D concentrations. In fully adjusted models (model B), the OR for GC was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.98), with a 5-ng/mL increment in total vitamin D. Following the classification of vitamin D concentrations into three categories or for GC in model A was 0.52 (95% CI: 0.30, 0.92) comparing between higher (≥20 ng/mL) and lower (<12 ng/mL) total 25(OH)D concentrations. In model B OR for GC was 0.57 (95% CI: 0.32, 1.00) comparing between higher and lower total 25(OH)D concentrations. Our results suggested that high vitamin D concentration was associated with lower ORs of GC in Korean adults.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Vitamin D Deficiency And Insulin Resistance In Obese Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Aidah Juliaty ◽  
Putri Lestari Gabrilasari ◽  
Dasril Daud ◽  
Johan Setyawan Lisal
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Deficiency Group

INTRODUCTION: Obesity represents the major risk factor for development of insulin resistance during childhood and adolescents. In obesity, adipose tissue release free fatty acids, various hormones, and cytokines, resulting in insulin resistance. This study aimed to establish the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and the incidence of insulin resistance in obese children. DESIGN AND METHOD: This analytical cross-sectional study was arranged from December 2019 - February 2020 included 96 students aged 11 - 17 years old from junior and senior high school who met the criteria for obesity in Makassar. The study subjects were parted into two groups, obese children with vitamin D deficiency (levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D &le; 20 ng/ml) and obese children without vitamin D deficiency group (levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D &gt; 20 ng/ml). Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis. RESULTS: The frequency of insulin resistance in obese children with vitamin D deficiency was 28 (54.9%), while obese children without vitamin D deficiency was 10 (22.2%). Based on statistical analysis, the frequency of the occurrence of insulin resistance in vitamin D deficiency obese children was higher than in obese children without vitamin D deficiency with OR = 4.261 (95% CI 1.744 &ndash; 10.411), p = 0.001. CONCLUSION: The risk of insulin resistance in obese children with vitamin D deficiency is 4.261 times higher than obese children without vitamin D deficiency.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency Is Common in Ghana despite Abundance of Sunlight: A Multicentre Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Samuel Asamoah Sakyi ◽  
Maxwell Hubert Antwi ◽  
Linda Ahenkorah Fondjo ◽  
Edwin Ferguson Laing ◽  
Richard K. Dadzie Ephraim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Background. Vitamin D is a steroid hormone important for the normal functioning of the body. It is produced through skin exposure to sunlight and from the diet. Although Ghana is located in the tropics where sunlight is abundant, factors like culture, diet, skin pigmentation, variation in the ozone layer, and geographical area influence the optimization of vitamin D concentration. It is imperative to evaluate the interplay between sunshine exposure, proinflammatory cytokines, and mediators of vitamin D metabolism and their relationship to vitamin D status in three geographical sections among apparent healthy Ghanaians. Methods and Results. In a cross-sectional study, a total of five hundred (500) healthy blood donors from three geographical areas in Ghana were enrolled. Their age ranged from 17 to 55 years with a mean age of 27.97 ± 8.87 years. The overall prevalence rate of vitamin D deficiency was 43.6% (218/500), with 41.2% (91/221), 45.3% (63/139), and 45.7% (64/140) of vitamin D deficiency being recorded in participants from the Northern Sector (NS), Middle Belt (MB), and Southern Sector (SS), respectively. However, there were no significant differences in the proportions of vitamin D deficiency across various geographical sectors. The median 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels were compared among geographical areas (NS, MB, and SS) and there were no significant differences ( P = 0.275 ) after adjusting for confounding factors. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D correlated positively with corrected ionized calcium (rs = 0.622, P ≤ 0.001 ) and phosphorus (rs = 0.299, P ≤ 0.001 ) and negatively correlated with SBP (rs = −0.092, P = 0.039 ), vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) (rs = −0.421, P ≤ 0.001 ), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) (rs = −0.0568, rs ≤ 0.001), IFN-gamma (rs = −0.684, P ≤ 0.001 ), and TNF-alpha (rs = −0.600, P ≤ 0.001 ). After adjusting for possible confounders, not having knowledge about vitamin D foods, taking fewer vitamin D foods, and higher levels of IF-γ and IL-10 were associated with a higher risk of having vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion. The prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency is high among the general adult population in Ghana despite the abundance of sunlight. Increasing knowledge on vitamin D diet coupled with a daily intake of vitamin D dietary supplements is likely to reduce the risk of developing 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency.

Unzureichende Vitamin-D-Versorgung im Alter: Konsequenzen und Lösungsansätze für die Praxis

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (06) ◽  
pp. 397-400
Author(s):  
Armin Zittermann
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements

ZusammenfassungVitamin D ist eine für den Menschen essenzielle Substanz, die eine zentrale Rolle bei der Regulation des Kalzium- und Phosphathaushalts spielt, aber auch für eine normale Immunfunktion und Zellteilung wichtig ist. Als essenzielle Substanz muss Vitamin D dem Körper lebenslang in ausreichender Menge zur Verfügung gestellt werden. In Deutschland liegt bei Senioren ähnlich wie in der jüngeren Allgemeinbevölkerung der Blutspiegel an 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (Indikator des Vitamin-D-Status) zu über 50 % im defizitären/insuffizienten Bereich (< 50 nmol/L), wobei die unzureichende Versorgungslage deutliche saisonale Schwankungen aufweist (41 % am Ende des Sommers und 75 % am Ende des Winters). Im klinischen Bereich können Vitamin-D-Supplemente bei Personen mit defizitärer Vitamin-D-Versorgung zu einer Reduktion des Risikos von osteoporotischen Frakturen und akuten Atemwegsinfekte beitragen sowie möglicherweise bei einigen Erkrankungen wie Asthma und chronisch obstruktiver Lungenerkrankung die Krankheitsschübe reduzieren. Ein Vitamin-D-Mangel kann in der Regel durch die tägliche Einnahme eines Vitamin-D-Supplements in Höhe von 800–1000 IE (20–25 µg) effektiv verhindert werden. Von hochdosierten, intermittierenden Vitamin-D-Gaben, die zu 25OHD-Spiegeln > 125 nmol/L führen, ist abzuraten. Vitamin-D-Tests werden im klinischen Bereich häufig zur Beurteilung der Versorgungslage von Einzelpersonen durchgeführt. Hier sind sie zur Bestätigung eines Verdachts auf eine Vitamin-D-Intoxikation hilfreich. Ansonsten sind sie aber als Screening auf einen Vitamin-D-Mangel meist unnötig und manchmal verunsichernd.

scholarly journals Insufficient autumn vitamin D intake and low vitamin D status in 7-year-old Icelandic children

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adda Bjarnadottir ◽  
Asa Gudrun Kristjansdottir ◽  
Hannes Hrafnkelsson ◽  
Erlingur Johannsson ◽  
Kristjan Thor Magnusson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Sunlight Exposure ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
School Based ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements

AbstractObjectiveThe aim was to investigate autumn vitamin D intake and status in 7-year-old Icelanders, fitting BMI and cardiorespiratory fitness as predictors.DesignThree-day food records and fasting blood samples were collected evenly from September to November, and cardiorespiratory fitness was measured with an ergometer bike. Food and nutrient intakes were calculated, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) and serum parathyroid hormone were analysed. Suboptimal vitamin D status was defined s-25(OH)D <50 nmol/l, and deficient status as s-25(OH)D <25 nmol/l.SettingSchool-based study in Reykjavik, Iceland in 2006.SubjectsOf the 7-year-olds studied (n 265), 165 returned valid intake information (62 %), 158 gave blood samples (60 %) and 120 gave both (45 %).ResultsRecommended vitamin D intake (10 μg/d) was reached by 22·4 % of the children and 65·2 % had s-25(OH)D <50 nmol/l. Median s-25(OH)D was higher for children taking vitamin D supplements (49·2 nmol/l v. 43·2 nmol/l, respectively; P < 0·0 0 1). Median s-25(OH)D was lower in November (36·7 nmol/l) than in September (59·9 nmol/l; P < 0·001). The regression model showed that week of autumn accounted for 18·9 % of the variance in s-25(OH)D (P < 0·001), vitamin D intake 5·2 % (P < 0·004) and cardiorespiratory fitness 4·6 % (P < 0·005).ConclusionsA minority of children followed the vitamin D recommendations and 65 % had suboptimal vitamin D status during the autumn. Week of autumn was more strongly associated with vitamin D status than diet or cardiorespiratory fitness, which associated with vitamin D status to a similar extent. These results demonstrate the importance of sunlight exposure during summer to prevent suboptimal vitamin D status in young schoolchildren during autumn in northern countries. An increased effort is needed for enabling adherence to the vitamin D recommendations and increasing outdoor activities for sunlight exposure.

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