Adult Attachment, Culturally Adjusted Attachment, and Interpersonal Difficulties of Taiwanese Adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Chih DC Wang ◽  
Dominick A. Scalise
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Interpersonal Difficulties ◽  
Attachment Dimensions

This study examines the applicability of Western adult attachment perspectives to interpersonal difficulties experienced by individuals with indigenous Chinese cultural backgrounds. A total of 275 Taiwanese university students completed self-report surveys of adult attachment, ideal attachment, and interpersonal problems. Culturally adjusted attachment scores were generated by regressing self-report attachment on ideal attachment to control for cultural difference. Findings from path analyses indicated that culturally adjusted attachment scores had a better fit with the model depicting relationships between attachment and interpersonal problems. Results with adjusted attachment scores indicated that Taiwanese individuals scoring high on attachment dimensions tended to have more interpersonal difficulties, which is consistent with the theory’s prediction. Findings and implications are discussed based on attachment perspectives and the Chinese cultural context in Taiwan.

scholarly journals Machiavellian Personality Tendencies and Interpersonal Difficulties in University Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-34
Author(s):  
Aqsa Khaliq ◽  
Umaiza Bashir ◽  
Zahid Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Family System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Interpersonal Difficulties ◽  
University Life ◽  
The University ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship

Interpersonal relationships are a very important part of the university life of a person. To explore the relationship between interpersonal difficulties and personality traits, a sample of 300 students in the age range of 18-28 years (M=22.04) was taken from different government and private universities. To measure the Machiavellian Personality Tendencies among students an indigenous tool was developed rooted inthe Pakistani culture. Interpersonal Difficulties Scale (Saleem, Ihsan, & Mahmood, 2014) was used. It was revealed that students with high Machiavellian Personality Tendencies have more interpersonal difficulties and Machiavellian Personality Tendencies, gender, family system and birth order are significant predictors of interpersonal difficulties in university students. These results are discussed in the Pakistani cultural context and their implications are stated for future research and therapeutic work.

The Rorschach and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Schneider ◽  
Steven K. Huprich ◽  
Kristi M. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Interpersonal Circumplex ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Inventory Of Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Interpersonal Difficulties ◽  
The Face ◽  
Rorschach Variables

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between a self-report (explicit) measure of interpersonal difficulties – the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP; Horowitz et al., 2000 ) – and the Rorschach, which includes implicit measures of self-perception and interpersonal relatedness. Seventeen a priori predictions were made regarding the face-valid associations (i.e., correlations) between the IIP and selected Rorschach variables. A sample of 62 undergraduates were administered the Rorschach and IIP. Their IIP scores were slightly higher than the normative sample reported by Horowitz et al. (1988) . Nonetheless, seven predicted relationships were statistically significant and included the following Rorschach variables: Intellectualization Index, AG, FM, S, T, Y, and MOR. These results remained significant when they were controlled for response productivity. Five of the predicted correlations approached statistical significance and included the following Rorschach variables: T, Food, Egocentricity Index, and M%. Most of the correlations were observed in the submissive hemisphere of the interpersonal circumplex. Nonsignificant results were partially explained to be the result of “heteromethod inversion” ( Bornstein, 2002 ) in which defensiveness in admitting difficulties in some interpersonal domains leads to apparent inconsistencies in explicit and implicit measures of a given trait or quality.

A cross-cultural analysis of the modes and effectiveness of collaborative production of knowledge on Quora

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumeng Peng ◽  
Xiang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Production Of Knowledge

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to investigate how cross-cultural elements such as cultural difference and stereotype are integrated into collaborative modes and actions and to explore their corresponding effectiveness.Design/methodology/approachThe sample of the quantitative content analysis is drawn from the posts with the topic of China on Quora. A collaborative case, where two users have a question-and-answer interaction, is taken as the unit of analysis. The effectiveness of collaboration is operationalized as the extent to which a collaboratively produced answer is visited and favorably reviewed, using the feedback index (the number of upvotes*1,000/views). One of the sampled collaborative cases is further analyzed qualitatively to see how cultural differences, stereotypes and other factors are incorporated into users' interaction.FindingsThis content analysis reveals nine modes of collaborative production of knowledge on Quora: initial questioning, pointed answering, raising doubts, responding to others, agreeing with others, correcting mistakes, enriching content, further questioning and extending issues. Diversity of the cross-cultural acts of collaborative production, particularly two of often-used collaborative actions, correcting stereotypes and supplementing cultural differences, helps to enhance overall collaborative effectiveness.Practical implicationsThis paper offers new perspectives and ideas for strategies to change socially problematic stereotypes, e.g. to correct stereotypes where necessary and use more convincing resources such as reliable images as collaborative actions to bridge cultural differences. It also calls on social Q&A website developers to create more international users-friendly design by providing various channels for users with diverse cultural backgrounds to interact with each other.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first to investigate online collaborative knowledge production within a broader cross-cultural context. Specifically, cultural factors and cross-cultural collaborative actions have been innovatively integrated into this research, enriching the dimensions that can be used for collaboration classification. It is helpful for users from different countries to actively adopting different strategies to overcome cultural differences, preconceptions and other negative factors that are not conducive to communication and knowledge acquisition.

scholarly journals Metacognitive Beliefs Uniquely Contribute to Interpersonal Problems: A Test Controlling for Adult Attachment, Big-5 Personality Traits, Anxiety, and Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Nordahl ◽  
Odin Hjemdal ◽  
Adrian Wells
Keyword(s):  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Metacognitive Therapy ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Potential Implication ◽  
Big 5 ◽  
Metacognitive Beliefs ◽  
Big 5 Personality

Interpersonal difficulties are common across psychological disorders and are a legitimate target of treatment. Psychotherapeutic models differ in their understanding of interpersonal problems and how these problems are formulated and treated. It has been suggested that they are both the cause and effect of emotional distress symptoms, that they result from early attachment experiences, and that they are related to personality dimensions. However, the metacognitive model of psychopathology predicts that emotion disorder symptoms and interpersonal problems are linked to a common set of factors involving dysfunctional metacognition. In support of this view, metacognitive therapy has substantially reduced interpersonal problems in patients with anxiety and depression even though interpersonal problems are not directly targeted, indicating a role for metacognitive change. Nevertheless, the relationship between interpersonal problems and metacognitive beliefs remains underexplored, and the statistical control of emotion symptoms, personality, and attachment is important in substantiating any metacognition effects. The aim of the present study was therefore to test metacognitive beliefs as statistical predictors of interpersonal problems while controlling for anxiety/depression, adult attachment, and the Big-5 personality dimensions. In a cross-sectional study, 296 participants completed a battery of self-report questionnaires. We found that positive- and negative-metacognitive beliefs, cognitive confidence, and cognitive self-consciousness accounted for significant and unique variance in interpersonal problems together with avoidant attachment and conscientiousness when the overlap between all predictors was controlled. These findings support the notion that metacognitive beliefs are relevant to interpersonal problems with the potential implication that metacognitive therapy could have particularly broad effects on both emotion disorder symptoms and interpersonal problems.

Brief Report: Assessing Clinical Significance Using the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems

Assessment ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan B. Hansen ◽  
Michael J. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Interpersonal Functioning ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Inventory Of Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Interpersonal Difficulties ◽  
Cutoff Scores ◽  
Clinically Significant

A great deal of attention has been focused on the symptomatic recovery of patients undergoing psychotherapy. Secondary to this is the degree to which psychotherapies affect patients’ interpersonal relations. The Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP) is a self-report instrument developed to assess interpersonal difficulties. This study was conducted to establish cutoff scores for judging clinically significant improvement in patients' interpersonal functioning in studies of psychotherapy outcome. It was demonstrated that the IIP can distinguish among three groups, namely: (a) an asymptomatic community sample, (b) a student sample, and (c) a patient sample. Cutoff scores were established that allow researchers and clinicians to estimate the degree to which patients return to an average and ideal state of interpersonal functioning.

scholarly journals Causes and consequences of stress generation: Longitudinal associations of negative events, aggressive behaviors, rumination, and depressive symptoms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Hasegawa ◽  
Shin-ichi Oura ◽  
Tetsuya Yamamoto ◽  
Yoshihiko Kunisato ◽  
Yuko Matsuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
University Students ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Stress Generation ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Aggressive Behaviors ◽  
Independent Events ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Longitudinal Associations

The present study examined the causes and consequences of stress generation in university students in Japan. A two-wave longitudinal study with an 8- or 9-week interval was conducted in the fall of 2020. Undergraduate and graduate students at four universities in Japan (N = 201) completed self-report measures assessing experiences of negative interpersonal dependent events, negative non-interpersonal events, and negative independent events at two times. At the same time, they also responded to measures of aggressive behaviors, trait rumination, and depressive symptoms. Path analyses revealed that baseline aggressive behaviors were positively associated with an increase in subsequent negative interpersonal dependent events, even after controlling for the influences of negative interpersonal dependent events, rumination, and depressive symptoms at baseline. However, aggressive behaviors were not significantly associated with subsequent negative non-interpersonal dependent events or negative independent events. These findings suggest that aggressive behaviors may have been a factor leading to interpersonal stress generation. Furthermore, all categories of negative event experiences predicted an increase in subsequent depressive symptoms, but not subsequent rumination, and rumination was not significantly associated with subsequent depressive symptoms. The present research extends previous examinations of the causes and consequences of stress generation conducted in Western countries by using specific measures of aggressive behaviors and by including a non-restricted sample of university students in Japan.

Psychometric Properties of the Life Orientation Test-Revised in Samples of Japanese Students

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 849-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Nakano
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
University Students ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Japanese University ◽  
Orientation Test

The Life Orientation Test–Revised (Scheier, Carver, & Bridges, 1994) is a widely used self-report measure of optimism. The present study examined the test's psychometric properties in a Japanese cultural context. 448 Japanese university students completed a Japanese version of the Life Orientation Test–Revised along with measures of neuroticism, extraversion, and depression. Exploratory factor analysis yielded the same two factors, positively phrased optimistic items and negatively phrased pessimistic items, as Scheier and Carver reported. Internal consistency of optimism and pessimism was acceptable. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Life Orientation Test–Revised with another group of 205 Japanese university students showed the superiority of a two-factor model of optimism–pessimism. The bidimensionality was partly due to the difference in responses between positively and negatively worded items. The Japanese data provide additional psychometric support for the Life Orientation Test–Revised and enhance the generalization of prior findings on U.S. samples to Japanese samples.

The Relationship Between Texture Responses on the Rorschach and Adult Attachment

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori Iwasa ◽  
Toshiki Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Japanese Population ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Comprehensive System ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Sensitive Measure ◽  
The Relationship

We examined the relationship between texture responses (T) on the Rorschach and adult attachment in the Japanese population. 47 Japanese undergraduate and graduate students (mean age = 20.16, SD = 1.87) completed a self-report adult attachment scale as well as the Rorschach. An ANOVA revealed that T = 1 participants were attached more securely than were other groups. T > 1 participants were more preoccupied with attachment and scored higher on an attachment anxiety scale than the T = 1 group. Although these results were consistent with the interpretation of the texture response according to the Comprehensive System (CS), the results obtained for T = 0 participants were inconsistent with hypotheses derived from the CS. T = 0 participants were high on preoccupied and attachment anxiety scores, although they were theoretically expected to be high on dismissing or attachment avoidance. These results indicated that – at least in Japan – T should be regarded as a sensitive measure of attachment anxiety.

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