The Rorschach and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Schneider ◽  
Steven K. Huprich ◽  
Kristi M. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Interpersonal Circumplex ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Inventory Of Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Interpersonal Difficulties ◽  
The Face ◽  
Rorschach Variables

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between a self-report (explicit) measure of interpersonal difficulties – the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP; Horowitz et al., 2000 ) – and the Rorschach, which includes implicit measures of self-perception and interpersonal relatedness. Seventeen a priori predictions were made regarding the face-valid associations (i.e., correlations) between the IIP and selected Rorschach variables. A sample of 62 undergraduates were administered the Rorschach and IIP. Their IIP scores were slightly higher than the normative sample reported by Horowitz et al. (1988) . Nonetheless, seven predicted relationships were statistically significant and included the following Rorschach variables: Intellectualization Index, AG, FM, S, T, Y, and MOR. These results remained significant when they were controlled for response productivity. Five of the predicted correlations approached statistical significance and included the following Rorschach variables: T, Food, Egocentricity Index, and M%. Most of the correlations were observed in the submissive hemisphere of the interpersonal circumplex. Nonsignificant results were partially explained to be the result of “heteromethod inversion” ( Bornstein, 2002 ) in which defensiveness in admitting difficulties in some interpersonal domains leads to apparent inconsistencies in explicit and implicit measures of a given trait or quality.

Brief Report: Assessing Clinical Significance Using the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems

Assessment ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan B. Hansen ◽  
Michael J. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Interpersonal Functioning ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Inventory Of Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Interpersonal Difficulties ◽  
Cutoff Scores ◽  
Clinically Significant

A great deal of attention has been focused on the symptomatic recovery of patients undergoing psychotherapy. Secondary to this is the degree to which psychotherapies affect patients’ interpersonal relations. The Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP) is a self-report instrument developed to assess interpersonal difficulties. This study was conducted to establish cutoff scores for judging clinically significant improvement in patients' interpersonal functioning in studies of psychotherapy outcome. It was demonstrated that the IIP can distinguish among three groups, namely: (a) an asymptomatic community sample, (b) a student sample, and (c) a patient sample. Cutoff scores were established that allow researchers and clinicians to estimate the degree to which patients return to an average and ideal state of interpersonal functioning.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of the Circumplex Scales of Interpersonal Problems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Boudreaux ◽  
Daniel J. Ozer ◽  
Thomas Oltmanns ◽  
Aidan G.C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Interpersonal Behavior ◽  
Interpersonal Circumplex ◽  
Circumplex Model ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Inventory Of Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Interpersonal Difficulties ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Development And Validation

The interpersonal circumplex (IPC) is a well-established model of social behavior that spans basic personality and clinical science. Although several measures are available to assess interpersonal functioning (e.g., motives, traits) within an IPC framework, researchers studying interpersonal difficulties have relied primarily on a single measure, the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems – Circumplex Scales (IIP-C; Horowitz, Alden, Wiggins, & Pincus, 2000). Although the IIP-C is a widely used measure, it is currently the only measure specifically designed to assess maladaptive interpersonal behavior using the IPC framework. The purpose of the current study is to describe a new 64-item measure of interpersonal problems, called the Circumplex Scales of Interpersonal Problems (CSIP). Interpersonal problems derived from a pool of 400 personality-related problems were assessed in two large university samples. In the scale development sample (N = 1,197), items that best characterized each sector of the IPC were identified, and a set of eight 8-item circumplex scales was developed. Psychometric properties of the resulting measure were then examined in thevalidation sample (N = 757). Results from confirmatory circumplex structural analyses indicated that the CSIP fit well to a quasi-circumplex model. The CSIP converged with the IIP-C and the Revised Interpersonal Adjective Scales (Wiggins, 1995), and associated in theoretically expected ways with broader assessments of adaptive- and maladaptive-range personality traits and symptoms of psychological distress. The CSIP augments the IIP-C with additional content, thereby helping to extend the underlying constructs, and provides an alternative means for studying the interpersonal consequences of personality and psychopathology.

Factor Structure and Convergent Validity of the Portuguese version of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems – 32

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Faustino ◽  
António Branco Vasco
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Portuguese Version ◽  
Inventory Of Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Interpersonal Styles

Abstract The identification of dysfunctional patterns in individuals’ interpersonal interactions is a cornerstone of psychotherapy. The Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-32) is one of the most used measures to explore individuals’ interpersonal styles. However, an IIP-32 Portuguese version is missing. Therefore, this study describes a preliminary psychometric study of an IIP-32 Portuguese version in a nonclinical sample. In a cross-sectional correlational design, 250 participants (M age = 20.67, SD = 4.88, males = 33, females = 217) were assessed with self-report questionnaires. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), convergent, and divergent validities of the IIP-32 were tested with the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). Relationships with symptomatology were also tested with the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-53). The EFA showed a theoretically coherent eight-factor structure. Almost all of the IIP-32 subscales were positively correlated with personal discomfort and with BSI-53 subscales. Vindictive/self-centred, socially inhibited, domineering/controlling and self-sacrificing subscales predicted symptomatology. Promising preliminary psychometric properties were found that may support the IIP-32 as a reliable instrument to assess interpersonal styles. However, more research is required to deepen the analysis of the IIP-32 in the Portuguese population.

Motivational Interviewing and Smoking Behaviors: A Critical Appraisal and Literature Review of Selected Cessation Initiatives

2012 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Mantler ◽  
Jennifer D. Irwin ◽  
Don Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Tailored Interventions ◽  
Threats To Validity ◽  
Smoking Behaviors

The present paper systematically reviewed and critically appraised three different dimensions of motivational interviewing currently utilized in smoking cessation initiatives: social support, motivation, and tailored interventions. A review of four databases generated 57 primary articles, 17 of which met the inclusion criteria of an intervention study utilizing at least one dimension of motivational interviewing, adults between 18 and 64 years, no comorbidities, and a follow-up period of at least 6 weeks. More than 11,600 participants are represented in this review. The implementation of social support, motivation, and tailored interventions yielded mixed results. Furthermore, threats to validity emerged, including self-report, follow-up period, sample sizes, a priori differences in groups, and web-based and text-based interventions. Further research must ascertain the efficacy of the three dimensions of motivational interviewing indicated by the mixed results reported in terms of statistical significance of cessation rates. More empirically rigorous designs with evaluations based on stringent replicable criteria are needed.

scholarly journals Interpersonal Problems Across Levels of the Psychopathology Hierarchy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Girard ◽  
Aidan G.C. Wright ◽  
Joseph E. Beeney ◽  
Sophie A. Lazarus ◽  
Lori Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Interpersonal Circumplex ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Dependent Personality ◽  
Interpersonal Distress ◽  
Inventory Of Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Structural Summary

We examined the relationship between psychopathology and interpersonal problems in a sample of 825 clinical and community participants. Sixteen psychiatric diagnoses and five transdiagnostic dimensions were examined in relation to self-reported interpersonal problems. The structural summary method was used with the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex Scales to examine interpersonal problem profiles for each diagnosis and dimension. We built a structural model of mental disorders including factors corresponding to detachment (avoidant personality, social phobia, major depression), internalizing (dependent personality, borderline personality, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress, major depression), disinhibition (antisocial personality, drug dependence, alcohol dependence, borderline personality), dominance (histrionic personality, narcissistic personality, paranoid personality), and compulsivity (obsessive-compulsive personality). All dimensions showed good interpersonal prototypicality (e.g., detachment was defined by a socially avoidant/nonassertive interpersonal profile) except for internalizing, which was diffusely associated with elevated interpersonal distress. The findings for individual disorders were largely consistent with the dimension that each disorder loaded on, with the exception of the internalizing and dominance disorders, which were interpersonally heterogeneous. These results replicate previous findings and provide novel insights into social dysfunction in psychopathology by wedding the power of hierarchical (i.e., dimensional) modeling and interpersonal circumplex assessment.

scholarly journals Client interpersonal problems and the initial working alliance

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-204
Author(s):  
Christina H. Krieg ◽  
Terence J. Tracey
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Working Alliance ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Training Clinic ◽  
Working Alliance Inventory ◽  
Inventory Of Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Student Counselors ◽  
University Training ◽  
Relationship Of

This study examined the relationship of client pretreatment interpersonal problems (measured by the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems) to the therapeutic alliance (as measured early in treatment by a self-report version of the Working Alliance Inventory- Short), using multilevel modeling to account for client and counselor variables. Specifically, the correlations of dominance, affiliation and vindictive/self-centered interpersonal problems with the initial working alliance were investigated. Participants consisted of 144 clients and 44 graduate student counselors at a university training clinic in the southwest. Multilevel modeling revealed that there was an interaction between dominance and counselor gender with working alliance scores. Clients who had problems with dominance reported higher working alliance scores with male counselors while clients who had problems with non-assertiveness reported higher working alliance scores with female counselors. Vindictive/self-centered interpersonal problems were associated with lower initial working alliance scores regardless of counselor gender. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.

Adult Attachment, Culturally Adjusted Attachment, and Interpersonal Difficulties of Taiwanese Adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Chih DC Wang ◽  
Dominick A. Scalise
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Interpersonal Difficulties ◽  
Attachment Dimensions

This study examines the applicability of Western adult attachment perspectives to interpersonal difficulties experienced by individuals with indigenous Chinese cultural backgrounds. A total of 275 Taiwanese university students completed self-report surveys of adult attachment, ideal attachment, and interpersonal problems. Culturally adjusted attachment scores were generated by regressing self-report attachment on ideal attachment to control for cultural difference. Findings from path analyses indicated that culturally adjusted attachment scores had a better fit with the model depicting relationships between attachment and interpersonal problems. Results with adjusted attachment scores indicated that Taiwanese individuals scoring high on attachment dimensions tended to have more interpersonal difficulties, which is consistent with the theory’s prediction. Findings and implications are discussed based on attachment perspectives and the Chinese cultural context in Taiwan.

Psychometric evaluation of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems 32

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra Bailey ◽  
Anna Abate ◽  
Carla Sharp ◽  
Amanda Venta
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Analytic Structure ◽  
Divergent Validity ◽  
Inventory Of Interpersonal Problems ◽  
First Time

The Inventory of Interpersonal Problems 32 (IIP-32; Horowitz, Aiden, Wiggins, & Pincus, 2000) is a brief, 32-item, self-report questionnaire used to screen for interpersonal problems. While studies of the IIP-32's psychometric properties have been conducted in other nations, and studies have examined the psychometric properties of the IIP-32's circumplex structure, no studies have examined the factor-analytic structure in the United States since the original standardization sample. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the IIP-32 in American college women for the first time and explore its structural validity as a circumplex measure and its concurrent validity with measures of attachment. The current study found that internal consistency estimates and interscale correlations were generally high and confirmed the proposed circumplex structure. In addition, concurrent validity was evidenced by confirming theorized relations between attachment and the IIP-32 subscales. However, IIP-32 subscales were limited with regard to divergent validity.

scholarly journals Pathological Traits and Interpersonal Difficulties in Depressed Older Adults: Clinical versus Community Sampling

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 898-898
Author(s):  
George Lederer ◽  
David Freedman ◽  
Lauren Atlas ◽  
Shira Kafker ◽  
Ira Yenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Inventory Of Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Personality Traits And Processes

Abstract Personality pathology, represented by high neuroticism and low agreeableness in the Five Factor Model of Personality, has been identified as a predictor of depression in mixed-age samples and preliminary studies of older adults. Research on older people, however, has not examined the differential impact of pathological personality traits and processes on depression or examined them across treatment settings. This secondary analysis examined personality traits and processes as predictors of depression, evaluated the moderating effect of interpersonal problems, and assessed stratification of these personality variables across community and clinical settings. Older adults (N=395) ranging in age from 55 to 99 (M = 72.06; SD = 10.10) from inpatient psychiatric, outpatient medical, and community settings completed self-report measures of personality traits (NEO-FFI Agreeableness and Neuroticism), processes (Inventory of Interpersonal Problems), and depression (GDS-30). Higher neuroticism predicted worsened depressive symptoms (β = .765, p < .001), as did lower agreeableness (β = -.163, p = .002) and more interpersonal problems (β = .459, p < .001). Findings partially supported the stratification of personality traits and processes by setting. Interpersonal problems moderated neither the neuroticism-depression or agreeableness-depression relationships. Personality traits and processes predict depression in older adults across care settings but do not significantly interact. Levels of pathological traits and processes vary across community and clinical settings.

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