scholarly journals How Ideas from Ecological Capture-Recapture Models May Inform Multiple Systems Estimation Analyses

2020 ◽  
pp. 001112872097431
Author(s):  
Hannah Worthington ◽  
Rachel McCrea ◽  
Ruth King ◽  
Kyle Shane Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Abundance Estimation ◽  
Population Changes ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Data Share ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
Modeling Methods ◽  
Common Structure ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Capture Recapture

Abundance estimation, for both human and animal populations, informs policy decisions and population management. Capture-recapture and multiple sources data share a common structure; the population can be partially enumerated and individuals are identifiable. Consequently, the analytical methods were developed simultaneously. However, whilst ecological models have been developed to describe highly complex, biologically realistic scenarios, for example modeling population changes through time and combining different forms of data, multiple systems estimation has changed comparatively less so. In this paper we provide a brief description of the historical development of ecological and epidemiological capture-recapture and discuss the associated underlying differences that have led to model divergence. We identify three key areas where ecological modeling methods may inform and improve multiple systems estimation.

Epidemiology of Rett Syndrome: A Population-Based Registry

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia A. Kozinetz ◽  
Martha L. Skender ◽  
Nancy MacNaughton ◽  
Mary Jane Almes ◽  
Rebecca J. Schultz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rett Syndrome ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Incident Case ◽  
Biologic Marker ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Population Based Registry

The Texas Rett Syndrome Registry maintains the largest population-based registry of cases and potential cases of Rett syndrome in the world. The most precise estimate of the prevalence of Rett syndrome of 1 per 22800 (0.44/10000) females aged 2 through 18 years of age was generated from this Registry. In addition, the first prevalence figures for black and Hispanic female cases were estimated. Registry cases are actively ascertamed from multiple sources. Registry staff identify presumptive cases from review of information provided to the Registry by the parent or guardian. Preliminary diagnostic evaluation includes standardized review of medical records and videotape of key behaviors. Diagnosis is confirmed at clinical evaluation. The active surveillance system is monitored with the two-source capture-recapture methodology and case ascertainment is projected. The 1990 prevalence estimate of Rett syndrome indicates that the syndrome occurs less frequently than previously estimated. Until a biologic marker for Rett syndrome is identified or a standard definition for an incident case of Rett syndrome is designated, the prevalence of Rett syndrome will remain a major investigative issue of its epidemiology, and the Registry will be an important, systematic mean to gather case material for clinical and laboratory studies providing the foundation for the development of preventive interventions.

Entering One’s Own Life as an Aim of Clinical Psychoanalysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 883-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Lombardi
Keyword(s):  
Patient Population ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
The Self ◽  
Acting Out ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Population Changes ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Time Parameters

The historical development of psychoanalysis has demonstrated that the aim of clinical work can change as the patient population changes. One of the main tasks of psychoanalytic working through today is to help difficult patients trapped in imitative dynamics and “never-to-be-born selves” enter a life of their own. Particular emphasis is given to activating a body-mind relationship, catalyzing emergence from the unrepressed unconscious, and constructing space-time parameters in relation to the most primitive and undifferentiated emotional experiences. Two clinical cases are presented, in the first of which the analyst found himself invested with an intense devitalization that tested his capacity to be present. In the second case the analyst was confronted by the necessity of stimulating the birth of basic functions of mental notation in relation to blind and dangerous acting out. The confrontation in the analytic relationship mobilized the patient’s internal resources of self-observation and self-containment, from which the capacity to exist and be present to the self could emerge.

scholarly journals Urine as a high-quality source of host genomic DNA from wild populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew T. Ozga ◽  
Timothy H. Webster ◽  
Ian C. Gilby ◽  
Melissa A. Wilson ◽  
Rebecca S. Nockerts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Population History ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Dental Calculus ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Allelic Dropout ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Animal Populations

AbstractThe ability to generate genomic data from wild animal populations has the potential to give unprecedented insight into the population history and dynamics of species in their natural habitats. However, in the case of many species, it is impossible legally, ethically, or logistically to obtain tissues samples of high-quality necessary for genomic analyses. In this study we evaluate the success of multiple sources of genetic material (feces, urine, dentin, and dental calculus) and several capture methods (shotgun, whole-genome, exome) in generating genome-scale data in wild eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) from Gombe National Park, Tanzania. We found that urine harbors significantly more host DNA than other sources, leading to broader and deeper coverage across the genome. Urine also exhibited a lower rate of allelic dropout. We found exome sequencing to be far more successful than both shotgun sequencing and whole-genome capture at generating usable data from low-quality samples such as feces and dental calculus. These results highlight urine as a promising and untapped source of DNA that can be noninvasively collected from wild populations of many species.

Digital Solutions Suite: Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, and Digital Barrel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Carlos Fuenmayor
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
New Ways Of Working ◽  
Intelligence Models ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Models ◽  
Engineering Models

Abstract The concept of digital transformation is based on two principles: data driven—exploiting every bit of data source—and user focused. The objective is not only to consolidate data from multiple systems, but to apply an analytics approach to extract insights that are the product of the aggregation of multiple sources then present it to the user (field manager, production and surveillance engineer, region manager, and country) with criteria's of simplicity, specificity, novelty—and most importantly, clarity. The idea is to liberate the data across the whole upstream community and intended for production operations people by providing a one-stop production digital platform that taps into unstructured data and is transformed into structured to be used as input to engineering models and as a result provide data analytics and generate insights. There is three main key objectives: To have only one source of truth using cloud-based technology To incorporate artificial intelligence models to fill the data gaps of production and operations parameters such as pressure and temperature To incorporate multiple solutions for the upstream community that helps during the slow, medium, and fast loops of upstream operations. The new "way of working" helps multiple disciplines such as subsurface team, facilities, and operations, HSSE and business planning, combining business process management and technical workflows to generates insights and create value that impact the profit and losses (P&L) sheet of the operators. The "new ways of working" tackle values pillars such as production optimization, reduced unplanned deferment, cost avoidance, and improved process cycle efficiency. The use of big data and artificial intelligence algorithms are key to understand the production of the wells and fields, as well as anchoring on processing the data with automated engineering models, thus enabling better decision making including the span of time scale such as fast, medium, or slow loop actions.

A Performance Diagnosis of the 1939 Heinkel He S3B Turbojet

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Radial Compressor ◽  
Performance Diagnosis ◽  
Dynamic Performances

The historical development of the world’s first pure jet propelled aircraft, the Heinkel He 178, and its turbojet the He S3B has been extensively documented, however only limited descriptions of the engine and component aero-thermo-dynamic performances have, as yet, been published in open English literature. The basic He S3B engine flowpath configuration of a radial compressor mounted back-to-back with a radial inflow turbine, intrigued the author as one excellent example of the pre WW11 radial turbomachinery ingenuity and expertise, to the extent that it prompted this diagnosis. Recognizing that some of the historically quoted HeS3B performance data may be dubious, attempts have been made to coalesce data from multiple sources into a more consistent account by conducting a detailed engine performance analysis. HeS3B engine performance characteristics are recreated based upon predicted meanline component maps derived from engine drawings and supporting data recently published by AIAA in his biography “Dr Hans von Ohain — Excellence in Flight”. Predicted engine performance parameters at both a five minute and maximum continuous rating are itemized, together with thrust/rpm/temperature variations at part speed conditions.

Aspects of rodent ecology in Lunyo Forest, Uganda

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan O Okia
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Testicular Descent ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Small Rodents ◽  
Population Changes ◽  
Small Lake ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Capture Recapture

ABSTRACTA study of small rodents was conducted in a small lake-shore forest (Lunyo) in southern Uganda between April 1970 and December 1972 Using capture recapture methods, data on population changes and breeding of six murid species were obtained At the beginning of the study, populations of Lophuromys flavopunctatus and Praomys jacksoni were higher during the mid-annual dry season (June-September), but later fluctuated with rainfall Breeding coincided with rainfall in all species but in Praomys jacksoni and Oenomys hypoxanthus breeding occurred in both wet and dry months The growth rate of laboratory reared Praomys jacksoni and Lemniscomys striatus was comparable to that in the forest within the 20–60 g weight ranges The growth rate of Lophuromys flavopunctatus in the laboratory was lower than in the forest Nonsignificant differences in growth rates were observed between individuals of different litters of the same species Except in L striatus, testicular descent in males occurred at an earlier age than vaginal opening in females The average litter size ranged from a high of 4 5 for L striatus to a low of 2 7 for O hypoxanthus

scholarly journals Population Size Estimation and Linkage Errors: the Multiple Lists Case

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana Di Consiglio ◽  
Tiziana Tuoto
Keyword(s):  
Data Integration ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Population Size Estimation ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
Linkage Error ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Error Probabilities

Abstract Data integration is now common practice in official statistics and involves an increasing number of sources. When using multiple sources, an objective is to assess the unknown size of the population. To this aim, capture-recapture methods are applied. Standard capture-recapture methods are based on a number of strong assumptions, including the absence of errors in the integration procedures. However, in particular when the integrated sources were not originally collected for statistical purposes, this assumption is unlikely and linkage errors (false links and missing links) may occur. In this article, the problem of adjusting population estimates in the presence of linkage errors in multiple lists is tackled; under homogeneous linkage error probabilities assumption, a solution is proposed in a realistic and practical scenario of multiple lists linkage procedure.

scholarly journals Precision as a metric for acoustic survey design using occupancy or spatial capture-recapture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Juodakis ◽  
Isabel Castro ◽  
Stephen Marsland
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Occupancy Modelling ◽  
Call Recognition ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Capture Recapture

AbstractPassive acoustic surveys provide a convenient and cost-effective way to monitor animal populations. Methods for conducting and analysing such surveys, especially for performing automated call recognition from sound recordings, are undergoing rapid development. However, no standard metric exists to evaluate the proposed changes. Furthermore, most metrics that are currently used are specific to a single stage of the survey workflow, and therefore may not reflect the overall effects of a design choice.Here, we attempt to define and evaluate the effectiveness of surveys conducted in two common frameworks of population inference – occupancy modelling and spatially explicit capture-recapture (SCR). Specifically, we investigate precision (standard error of the final estimate) as a possible metric of survey performance, but we show that it does not lead to generally optimal designs in occupancy modelling. In contrast, precision of the SCR density estimate can be optimised with fewer experiment-specific parameters. We illustrate these issues using simulations.We further demonstrate how SCR precision can be used to evaluate design choices on a field survey of little spotted kiwi (Apteryx owenii). We show that precision correctly measures tradeoffs involving sampling effort. As a case study, we compare automated call recognition software with human annotations. The proposed metric captured the tradeoff between missed calls (8% loss of precision when using the software) and faster data through-put (60% gain), while common metrics based on per-second agreement failed to identify optimal improvements and could be inflated by deleting data.Due to the flexibility of SCR framework, the approach presented here can be applied to a wide range of different survey designs. As the precision is directly related to the power of detecting temporal trends or other effects in the subsequent inference, this metric evaluates design choices at the application level, and can capture tradeoffs that are missed by stage-specific metrics, thus enabling reliable comparison between different experimental designs and analysis methods.

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