Globalization, place and the life course: Local economies and middle-class transition to adulthood in two Israeli cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 912-931
Author(s):  
Guy Shani ◽  
Eyal Bar-Haim
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
National Level ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
Traditional Patterns ◽  
The Life Course

This study explores the ramifications of local economic differences on entering adulthood in the context of globalization. The effect of globalization on patterns of entering adulthood is usually perceived as filtered by particularities at the national level and as differentiated mainly by class. However, economic differentiation within the same country at the regional and municipal level is mostly overlooked. To address this gap, the authors compare the achievement of first homeownership among middle-class households in two Israeli cities differing in the concentration of economic sectors and in housing prices. Utilizing in-depth interviews ( n = 60 [cases]; n = 106 [interviewees]), the study shows how unstable forms of employment and exponentially rising housing prices in one city, and stable employment accompanied by still affordable housing costs in the other, support non-traditional and traditional patterns of entering adulthood respectively. The authors then analyse the Israeli census to confirm different patterns of entering adulthood among educated residents of the two cities. Thus, the study demonstrates how local economies shape different patterns of entering adulthood within the same country and among members of a similar class, suggesting that the relationship between globalization, class and the life course is also mediated by place.

How to Be a Man Differently: Intersectionality of Gender and Disability in the Life Course of a Powerchair Athlete

2022 ◽  
pp. 1097184X2110643
Author(s):  
Laurent Paccaud ◽  
Anne Marcellini
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
The Body ◽  
Doing Gender ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Hockey Player ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
The Life Course

This article focuses on the intersection of gender, dis/ability and other social forces in the life course of a young man who has had physical impairments from an early age. Drawing on interactionist theories and applying an ethnographic approach, we analyze the life experiences taking place in multiple social spheres throughout the life phases of Simon, a Swiss powerchair hockey player with cerebral palsy. During his childhood and adolescence, Simon was not in a position to embody the familial ways of performing hegemonic masculinity, and he was functionally dependent on women. Through his ongoing transition to adulthood, his commitment to sport and the process of technologizing his body enabled him doing gender differently and emancipate himself from the familial masculine figure, while remaining reliant on the care provided by women. Thus, we show how the body, context, and life phases contribute to the performances of gender and dis/ability.

Schooling in the Course of Human Lives: The Social Context of Education and the Transition to Adulthood in Industrial Society

1993 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron M. Pallas
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
The United States ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Cross National

This review examines the role of schooling in the life course of individuals, focusing on the timing and sequencing of schooling in the transition to adulthood. First, I examine conceptual issues in the study of schooling and the life course, drawing heavily on the sociological literature. I then consider the timing and sequencing of schooling in the transition to adulthood in the United States, and the consequences of variations in the timing and sequencing of schooling for adult social and economic success. I then discuss the role of social structure, norms, and institutional arrangements in the transition to adulthood, with special attention to cross-national comparisons with the U. S. and historical changes within countries. I conclude with speculations regarding trends in the role of schooling in the life course, and some directions for future research on this topic.

scholarly journals The Persistent Influence of Socio-Economic Background on Family Formation Pathways and Disadvantage in Young Adulthood

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-77
Author(s):  
Jarl Mooyaart
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the linkages between socio-economic background, family formation and economic (dis)advantage and reveals to what extent the influence of parental education on family formation persists over time, i.e. across birth cohorts. The second part of this chapter examines to what extent the influence of socio-economic background persists over the life-course. This part covers: (1) the influence of parental education on union formation over the life-course, and (2) the influence of socio-economic background on income trajectories in young adulthood, after adjusting for the career and family pathways that young adults followed during the transition to adulthood, thereby examining the influence of socio-economic background on income beyond the first stage of young adulthood. This chapter reveals two key insights on the linkages between socio-economic background, family formation and (dis)advantage: (1) Whereas union and family formation patterns have changed across birth cohorts, socio-economic background continues to stratify union and family formation pathways; (2) Although the influence of socio-economic background on family formation and young adults’ economic position decreases throughout young adulthood, socio-economic background continues to have an impact in young adulthood.

scholarly journals Transition to Adulthood: Leaving the Parental Home in the Last Soviet and the First Post-Soviet Generation

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-154
Author(s):  
Laura Daukšaitė
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Decision To Leave ◽  
Structural Environment ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Leaving The Parental Home

The article presents a research on trajectories of leaving the parental home in the last Soviet and the first post-Soviet generations. It focuses on social transformation of the state during the transition from the Soviet to the post-Soviet and its impact on the life-course of these generations. In our study, we applied a dyadic approach and conducted semi-structured interviews with women of the last Soviet generation (born in 1962–1972) and their children (born in 1992–2002), who represent the first post-Soviet generation. Early changes in and the differentiation of the timetable of transition to adulthood of the last Soviet generation indicated a declining effect of ideologically supported social structures on the life-course of young adults and the growing power of individual decision to leave the parental home or stay within. The rapidly increasing globalization and a transformed economy shaped a new structural environment for the coming of age for the first post-Soviet generation; therefore, we can interpret the further pluralization, de-standardization, and differentiation of the timetable of the transition to adulthood of this generation as a reaction of young people to the emerging risks and insecurities.

scholarly journals Addressing inequities in child health and development: towards social justice

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e000503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Spencer ◽  
Shanti Raman ◽  
Bernadette O'Hare ◽  
Giorgio Tamburlini
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Life Course ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Child Health

Inequities have a profound impact on the health and development of children globally. While inequities are greatest in the world’s poorest countries, even in rich nations poorer children have poorer health and developmental outcomes. From birth through childhood to adolescence, morbidity, mortality, growth and development are socially determined, resulting in the most disadvantaged having the highest risk of poor health outcomes. Inequities in childhood impact across the life course. We consider four categories of actions to promote equity: strengthening individuals, strengthening communities, improving living and working conditions, and promoting healthy macropolicies. Inequities can be reduced but action to reduce inequities requires political will. The International Society for Social Paediatrics and Child Health (ISSOP) calls on governments, policy makers, paediatricians and professionals working with children and their organisations to act to reduce child health inequity as a priority. ISSOP recommends the following: governments act to reduce child poverty; ensure rights of all children to healthcare, education and welfare are protected; basic health determinants such as adequate nutrition, clean water and sanitation are available to all children. Paediatric and child health organisations ensure that their members are informed of the impact of inequities on children’s well-being and across the life course; include child health inequities in curricula for professionals in training; publish policy statements relevant to their country on child health inequities; advocate for evidence-based pro-equity interventions using a child rights perspective; advocate for affordable, accessible and quality healthcare for all children; promote research to monitor inequity as well as results of interventions in their child populations. Paediatricians and child health professionals be aware of the impact of social determinants of health on children under their care; ensure their clinical services are accessible and acceptable to all children and families within the constraints of their country’s health services; engage in advocacy at community and national level.

scholarly journals AGENCY AS IDEOLOGY: PRECARITY AND DISEMBEDDEDNESS IN THE 21ST CENTURY LIFE COURSE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S589-S589
Author(s):  
wenxuan huang
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
Transition Research ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract The “individualization” thesis has gradually merged into the discussion of increasing heterogeneity of the life course as well as growing inequality over historical time. As individuals are “disembedded” from both cultural traditions and more recently social institutions, individual agency has drawn revived interest in outlining “choice biography” that is seen as paramount to personal outcomes and even containing overcoming force against structure. This practice mutes the consideration of the ongoing forces of social structure that by their very nature continue to constitute individual selves and possibilities. The uncritical treatment of individual agency makes it problematic for the study of precarity, mystifying and obscuring the analysis of inequality-generating mechanisms, reducing them to the individual-level. We analyze current uses of the concept of agency in the life course research, and particularly in the areas of transition research, e.g., transition to adulthood/retirement, where individual agency is assumed to be most active.

Wartime in Men's Lives: A Comparative Study of American and Japanese Cohorts

1987 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen H. Elder ◽  
Yoriko Meguro
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Japanese Men ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
City Life ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Guidance Study

Wars and military conscription have involved millions of men, women, and children, though very little is known about their long-term effect on lives. Using cohorts of American and Japanese men, this study investigates three hypothesised effects of World War II. War mobilisation and related experiences: (1) altered the timing and sequencing of events in the transition to adulthood, especially when they occurred relatively early in life; (2) increased educational advancement and occupational opportunity; and (3) generally produced life changes that made the war a perceived turning point in the life course. Each of these propositions applies mainly to men who were mobilised at an early age. Data come from the Shizuoka city life history study of 1982, and from two longitudinal archives at the Institute of Human Development, Berkeley (the Oakland Growth Study and the Berkeley Guidance Study). The older Japanese men were born in 1918-24; the older Americans, in 1920-21. Younger cohorts include Japanese men born in 1927-30 and American men born in 1928-29. Especially among men in the younger cohort, Japanese and American, results from the data analysis generally provide empirical support for the life-course alteration, opportunity, and turning point hypotheses.

scholarly journals Models of transition to adulthood of different Russian generations

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 70-93
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Mitrofanova
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Traditional Model ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Separation From Parents ◽  
The Life Course

This paper is devoted to the analysis of the starting events marking the transition to adulthood, such as completion of education (vocational and higher), first employment, first separation from parents, first partnership, first marriage, and first childbirth. The dataset of the research is the Russian part of the Generations and Gender Survey (GGS). We prepared a harmonised dataset of the three waves (2004, 2007, and 2011), which included 5,451 respondents born between 1930 and 1986. We used two complementary approaches to study the transition to adulthood: the analysis of the starting sociodemographic events separately and the analysis of all of them as a part of one process. We depicted the results of the analysis on a demographic Lexis grid, which allowed us to observe the influence of the historical and institutional context on people’s behaviour. The research revealed three models of transition to adulthood in Russia: “Soviet” (generations of 1940-49, 1950-59, and 1960-69), “Transitional” (generations of 1930-39 and 1970-79), and “Post-Soviet” (the generation of 1980-86). Our classification is similar to the idea of the convergence of the patterns of the starting events’ occurrence which assumes a change from the “traditional” model (“early, contracted and simple”) to the “modern” model (“late, protracted and complex”). The similarity of the changes in Russian and European models confirms the stadiality of the modernisation process. The study also confirms the assumption of the Life Course Approach about the individualisation of the life course.

scholarly journals Precarity, Inequality, and the Problem of Agency in the Study of the Life Course

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Dannefer ◽  
Wenxuan Huang, MGS
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Contemporary Problem ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Theoretical Interest ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
Life Course Studies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract Although long neglected, the themes of inequality and the differentiating consequences of structurally organized constraints and opportunities for individuals have recently become a major theme of scholars in aging and life-course studies. Beyond the evidence of intracohort patterns of cumulative dis/advantage in health and resources, recent societal trends of increasing inequality have added another dimension of theoretical interest and practical urgency to these concerns. These trends have been noteworthy both for the dramatic increase and for their planetary breadth, affecting Asia and Europe as well as America. Both researchers and popular writers have observed the growing importance of the precariat, an emerging subpopulation with tenuous connection to the primary economy encompasses individuals of every age. At the same time, individual agency and related concepts such as “choice” and “decision-making” continue regularly to appear as featured terms in studies of life course and related fields. Such concepts accord a strong explanatory force to the individual, and continue to be widely accepted as unproblematic and legitimate. This article examines the relevance of these two domains of life-course scholarship in analyzing an urgent contemporary problem—struggles associated with the “transition to adulthood” and the situation of young adults. Young people confronting this transition have been the focus of both the celebration of agency and of the growing attention on inequality and adversity and its effects on vulnerable periods and key transitions in the life course. Their situation provides an opportunity to resolve some of the tensions between perspectives that emphasize agency and those that emphasize inequality.

Demographic Transitions and the Life Course

1988 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-305
Author(s):  
Dennis P. Hogan ◽  
Takashi Mochizuki
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
The United States ◽  
Life Transitions ◽  
Historical Changes ◽  
Demographic Transitions ◽  
Age Grading ◽  
The Life Course

Three features of early life course of Americans and Europeans during the twentieth century are of note: (1) the increased age-grading of transitions; (2) the closer spacing of different transitions, and (3) the more extensive overlap between economic and family transitions. Historical changes in the structure of individual life histories have been interpreted alternatively, as a consequence of industrialization and urbanization, or as the result of rising levels of the family and personal incomes available for consumption and investment in human capital skills. In this article we bring additional evidence to bear on this debate by comparing historical changes in the early life transitions of men and women in Japan and the United States. Trends in the transition to adulthood systematically relate to the structure of schools and labor markets in the two nations, drawing attention to the various life course implications of the institutional forms under which industrial societies may organize.

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