Property Value as a Proxy of Socioeconomic Status in Education

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan K. Ware
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Math Achievement ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Property Value ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Human And Social Capital ◽  
Predictive Strength

The effects of poverty on important outcome measures are devastating and well documented, but the conceptualization and operationalization of socioeconomic status (SES) are underdeveloped. Various indicators of SES are useful for different purposes. Free or reduced-price lunch (FRL) status is commonly used because of its convenience and predictive strength, but it has many limitations. This study explored property value as a convenient alternative or complement to FRL status. The conceptual alignment of property value with SES was compared with that of traditional indicators like parent income, education, and occupation. Empirically, hierarchical linear modeling and regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of property value on math achievement in comparison with and in conjunction with FRL status. Property value is strongly related to Math achievement, and it complements conceptual and methodological flaws of FRL status by providing nuance at the local level and encompassing aspects of human and social capital.

A capital idea: exploring the relationship between human and social capital and student achievement in schools

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Daly ◽  
Yi-Hwa Liou ◽  
Claudia Der-Martirosian
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Student Achievement ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Teacher Collaboration ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Achievement Outcomes ◽  
Human And Social Capital ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeAs accountability policies worldwide press for higher student achievement, schools across the globe are enacting a host of reform efforts with varied outcomes. Mounting evidence suggests reforms, which encourage greater collaboration among teachers, may ultimately support increased student learning. Specifically, this study aims to investigate the relationship between human and social and student achievement outcomes.Design/methodology/approachIn exploring this idea, the authors draw on human and social capital and examine the influence of these forms of capital on student achievement using social network analysis and hierarchical linear modeling.FindingsThe results indicate that teacher human and social capital each have a significant and positive relationship with student achievement. Moreover, both teacher human and social capital together have an even stronger effect on student achievement than either human or social capital alone.Originality/valueAs more schools across the globe adopt structures for teacher collaboration and the development of learning communities, there is a need to better understand how schools may capitalize on these opportunities in ways that yield improved student learning. Our work sheds new light on these critical foundational elements of human and social capital that are individually and collectively associated with student achievement.

Nonparental Caregivers, Parents, and Early Academic Achievement Among Children from Latino/a Immigrant Households

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 884-906
Author(s):  
Lilla K. Pivnick
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Math Achievement ◽  
Academic Skills ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Early Academic Achievement

Drawing on ecological systems and social capital perspectives, this study uses the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort to investigate links between early nonparental caregiver beliefs about early academic skills and children’s math and reading achievement in kindergarten with special attention to the children from Latino/a immigrant households. Regression analyses revealed that nonparental caregiver beliefs were associated with academic achievement at kindergarten entry and that types of alignment or misalignment between nonparental caregiver and parental beliefs were differentially associated with math achievement but not reading. Notably, the association between nonparental caregiver beliefs and children’s academic achievement was more consequential for children from Latino/a immigrant households. Results suggest that having nonparental caregivers with low early academic skills beliefs may be especially detrimental for children from Latino/a immigrant households.

National social capital, perceived entrepreneurial ability and entrepreneurial intentions

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirmahmood Amini Sedeh ◽  
Hooman Abootorabi ◽  
Jing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ability

PurposeGrounded in theory of planned behavior, this study explores how national social capital, as an important but untested element of institutional environment, influences the effect of perceived entrepreneurial ability on entrepreneurial intentions.Design/methodology/approachUsing data of more than 95,000 individuals in 33 countries from Adult Population Survey (APS) conducted by Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), combined with data collected by World Values Survey (WVS), this study employs hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to assess the moderation effect of national social capital on the relationship between perceived entrepreneurial ability of individuals nested within different countries and entrepreneurial intentions.FindingsThe results reveal that national social capital enhances the positive impact of perceived entrepreneurial ability on the intent of individuals to start a new business. Notably, this study finds all three components of national social capital – generalized trust, breadth of formal organizational memberships and civic engagement– strengthen the influence of perceived entrepreneurial ability on entrepreneurial intentions.Originality/valueAs the main contribution, this research illustrates the combined effects of social environment (i.e. national social capital) and individuals' evaluations regarding their ability to start a business (i.e. perceived entrepreneurial ability) on entrepreneurial intentions. This study highlights that national social capital complements perceived entrepreneurial ability by helping identify favorable start-up conditions and increasing the tendency of people to act on those conditions.

scholarly journals Charter Schools and Mathematics Achievement in the State of Georgia

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Raymond D. Mooring
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Charter Schools ◽  
Charter School ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Math Achievement ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Traditional Public Schools ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Mathematics

This study uses hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) and factorial analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to investigate the relationship between a school’s charter status and Math achievement. After accounting for school gender and ethnicity effects, charter school status is associated with Math achievement. Specifically, the initial status of Math achievement varies depending on ethnicity and gender, but the growth rate does not. Furthermore, district characteristics help to explain the charter school effect on Math achievement. Charter schools outperform traditional public schools when they receive an average amount of instructional funds. To this end, the charter gap in Math achievement decreases over time in districts that spend on instruction and have a substantial amount of minorities. When compared to traditional public schools with similar characteristics, charter schools with high percentages of Black students and/or low percentages of females outperformed their matched traditional public school counterparts. 

Multi-level analysis of knowledge transfer: a knowledge recipient’s perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 758-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minhyung Kang ◽  
Yong Sauk Hau
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Multi Level

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to adopt the recipient’s perspective to explore multi-level antecedents’ effects on knowledge transfer using social capital and social network theories. Design/methodology/approach – Social network and general attribute survey responses from 331 employees were analyzed through hierarchical linear modeling to verify the study’s multi-level research model and hypotheses. Findings – A recipient’s trust in colleagues positively influences knowledge transfer and company tenure has a negative impact. At a dyadic level, the perceived expertise of a source, in addition to strength of ties, exerts a positive effect on knowledge transfer. Additionally, a recipient’s network centrality moderates the effects of dyadic relationships on knowledge transfer. Research limitations/implications – This study deepened the current understanding of the role of social capital in knowledge transfer from a recipient’s perspective. Three dimensions of a recipient’s social capital respectively showed significant, but different types of influence on knowledge transfer. Interaction effects between individual and dyadic level antecedents should be considered as well. Practical implications – Both a strong tie at a dyadic level and a diverse network at an individual level should be nurtured to facilitate knowledge transfer. In addition, bi-directional knowledge transfer between seasoned employees and new employees should be promoted. Originality/value – Most studies have focused on motivating a knowledge source, assuming that a recipient is always ready to adopt a source’s knowledge. To reduce this bias, the current study examined social capital’s role in knowledge transfer from a recipient’s perspective.

The Contextual Effects of Gender Norms, Communication, and Social Capital on Family Planning Behaviors in Uganda: A Multilevel Approach

2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Jin Paek ◽  
Byoungkwan Lee ◽  
Charles T. Salmon ◽  
Kim Witte
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Contextual Effects ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Individual

This study hypothesized a multilevel model to examine the contextual effects of gender norms, exposure to health-related radio programs, interpersonal communication, and social capital on family planning behavior in Uganda. The results of hierarchical linear modeling showed that all of the four variables were significant predictors of family planning behavior. The authors found that gender norms as a contextual factor significantly interacted with the individual-level perceived benefit. The significant cross-level interaction effect was also observed between individuals' interpersonal communication and contextual variation in listening to a health-related radio program. Practical implications for family planning communication campaigns are discussed.

Influence of national and regional level social capital on entrepreneurial activity

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin C. Cox ◽  
Jason Lortie ◽  
Ratan J.S. Dheer
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
National Level ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
Level Of Analysis

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the influence that national levels of social capital have on entrepreneurial activity. Specifically, we argue that national and regional level social capital positively influences the ability of entrepreneurs to mobilize and access important resources thereby positively impacting the rate of entrepreneurship within nations and regions.Design/methodology/approachWe advance a multilevel and multidimensional conceptualization of social capital. Then based on a dataset of 68 nations and 665 within-nation regions, we empirically evaluate the effects of social capital at the national and regional level in explaining differences in entrepreneurial activity across nations and regions using a combination of regression analysis and multilevel hierarchical linear modeling (HLM).FindingsOur findings emphasize the importance of formulating a multilevel conceptualization of social capital for entrepreneurship research. We discuss the results, provide implications for public policy and suggest avenues for future research.Originality/valueThe overwhelming majority of entrepreneurship research focused on investigating the implications of social capital reside at the individual level of analysis. Our unique inquiry is an inaugural effort to consider this important implications at the macro and meso-level of analysis by examining both regional and national-level effects.

scholarly journals Seeking Asylum in Germany: Do Human and Social Capital Determine the Outcome of Asylum Procedures?

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-683
Author(s):  
Yuliya Kosyakova ◽  
Herbert Brücker
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Human And Social Capital ◽  
Forms Of Violence

Abstract Although the Refugee Convention and European asylum legislation state that decisions regarding asylum applications should be determined solely based on persecution and other human rights violations, the outcomes of asylum procedures may be subject to socioeconomic selectivity. This article is the first to analyse whether the human and social capital of asylum-seekers affect the results of decisions regarding their asylum applications and the length of asylum procedures based on a comprehensive longitudinal survey of 5,300 refugees in Germany. We find that socioeconomic and social capital resources increase the probability of approval of asylum applications and reduce the length of asylum procedures. Moreover, human capital is particularly rewarding for asylum-seekers from countries subject to severe political and civil rights violations, whereas social networks are more conducive when the case for protection is rather difficult to prove. Finally, asylum-seekers with a higher socioeconomic status before migration seem to be better positioned to efficiently instrumentalize social networks during the asylum process. Throughout the analysis, we control for variables that capture the violation of human rights and other forms of violence, changes in asylum policies and country-of-origin-specific fixed effects. The results are robust to different specifications and are representative for asylum-seekers arriving in Germany between 2013 and 2016. Altogether, similar to other claim-making processes, the asylum process seems to promote social inequality due to socioeconomic and social capital resources.

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