Climato-Economic Context of Regional Crime and Corruption Across the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
pp. 001391652110605
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Tatarko ◽  
Ekaterina V. Maklasova ◽  
Evert Van de Vliert
Keyword(s):  
Violent Crime ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Cross National

Cross-national research claims that the crime-and-corruption gap between relatively poor and relatively rich countries is larger in more demanding climates that require more cash and capital to cope with the climate. However, this claim is premature because countries differ in many confounding ways including histories and politics. We, therefore, re-tested the climato-economic context of violent crime and corruption within Russia, a country with considerable regional differences in climate and income. Across the eighty-five administrative units of Russia, the crime-and-corruption gap between relatively poor and relatively rich regions is smaller in more demanding climates. Harsher climates are so strongly associated with higher crime levels that the potential influence of differences in wealth becomes negligible. Furthermore, harsher climates are so strongly associated with higher corruption rates in poorer regions but lower corruption rates in richer regions that the potential influence of the climatic demands as such becomes negligible.

scholarly journals REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN THE LEVEL OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 1330-1336
Author(s):  
Elena G. KROPINOVA ◽  
◽  
Tatiana Y. KUZNETSOVA ◽  
Gennady M. FEDOROV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Aggregate Index ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality ◽  
International Visitors

This article presents an analysis of the level of tourism development across the Russian Federation. The study explores Russian regions by considering the key characteristics of tourism: the number of accommodation facilities, international visitors staying in accommodation facilities, the number of people employed in tourism and hospitality, and the value added created by these sectors of economy. An aggregate index is used to assess levels of tourism and recreation development and compare administrative units on this measure. An original methodology is employed to track shifts in Russian tourism, identify regions specialising in tourism, and forecast tourism development at a regional level.

Cross-Sectional Study to Estimate the Prevalence of Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Selected Regions of the Russian Federation: Relevance, Design of the Study and Initial Characteristics of the Participants

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
A. N. Meshkov ◽  
A. I. Ershova ◽  
S. A. Shalnova ◽  
A. S. Alieva ◽  
S. S. Bazhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Familial Hypercholesterolemia ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Lipid Lowering Therapy ◽  
Lowering Therapy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation

Aim. To study the prevalence of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), the characteristics of the clinical features and treatment of the disease in selected regions of the Russian Federation, this article describes the design and initial characteristics of patients included in the study.Material and methods. The study participants were selected among those included in the study “Epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors and diseases in the regions of the Russian Federation” (ESSE-RF) in different regions of the Russian Federation. The study included individuals with lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels >4.9 mmol/l or LDL-C levels >1.8 mmol/l, but ≤4.9 mmol/l during statin therapy, according to the data obtained in the ESSE-RF study. These persons are invited for examination and questioning by experts in the field of FH diagnostics. On the basis of the survey data and provided medical documentation, the following information is collected: age, sex, smoking status, presence of hypertension, history of coronary artery disease, stroke, atherosclerosis of cerebral and peripheral arteries, LDL-C level, type, volume and duration of lipid-lowering therapy throughout life, presence and dates of secondary causes of hyperlipidemia, information about the family history of development of early cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerotic diseases, increased levels of LDL-C in relatives of the 1st and 2nd degree of kinship. All patients are examined for the presence of tendon xanthomas (Achilles, metacarpal, elbow, knee tendons) and Corneal arcus. During the visit, blood is taken for subsequent biobanking, measurement of current blood lipid levels, elimination of secondary forms of hypercholesterolemia (for subsequent determination of liver enzymes, thyroid stimulating hormone) and genetic testing. The diagnosis of FH is based on Dutch Lipid Clinical Network Criteria (DLCN). Besides, all participants in the study are tested for compliance with the diagnosis of FH according to Simon Broome criteria. All patients with a definite or probable diagnosis of FH according to DLCN or Simon Broome criteria are subjected to ultrasound examination of carotid, femoral arteries and heart and molecular genetic testing for LDLR, APOB and PCSK9 gene variants.Results. Out of 16 360 participants of the ESSE-RF study in 10 regions, 1787 people (10,9%) met the criteria for inclusion in this study. Among them, men accounted for 35.4%, of which 1150 (7%) patients had a LDL-C level >4.9 mmol/l and 637 (3,9%) had a LDL-C level from 1,81 mmol/l to 4.9 mmol/l during lipid-lowering therapy. When compared to the original cohorts of participants from the 10 regions as compared to 3 previously surveyed regions and selected sub-groups within these cohorts we observed significant differences in several parameters such as age, total cholesterol level, triglycerides, LDL-C, the frequency of cardiovascular diseases, that may indicate regional differences in FH prevalence.Conclusion. The analysis of clinical data of the participants of the ESSE-RF study shows that more than 10% of individuals require an additional examination to verify the FH diagnosis, and regional differences in the FH prevalence are possible.

The Relationship between Turnout and Competition Levels in Russia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M Reisinger ◽  
Bryon J Moraski
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Central Government ◽  
National Level ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Managed Competition ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Administrative Units

We examine voter turnout in the 89 administrative units comprising the Russian Federation for elections to the presidency and the State Duma (the lower house of parliament) from 1991 to 2007. Politics within these regions has come to vary substantially, and they therefore are apt cases for examining factors that drive turnout levels. The collapse of the Soviet Union introduced relatively free elections at the national level, which were gradually expanded to the subnational level with the popular election of regional executives. However, Vladimir Putin’s ascension to the presidency is now widely recognized as ushering in a new era, one of managed competition. From 2000 on, Putin gradually reasserted the influence of the central government--particularly the executive branch--over regional elections and ultimately eliminated the popular election of regional executives. Thus, although the factors explaining how regional turnout varies include economic and social conditions, voting levels should not always be equated with democratic participation since in extreme cases—such as the Russian Federation—the two may be negatively correlated. Our analyses illuminate the differences across Russian regions as well as between the Yeltsin and Putin years. We find substantial evidence of elite-driven turnout, accomplished in large part thanks to the persistence of patron-client ties.

scholarly journals Regulation of inter-regional differences of the Russian Federation regions in the context of national projects «Healthcare» and «Demography»

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nail M. Gabdullin ◽  
Igor A. Kirshin ◽  
Aleksey V. Shulaev
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Medical Insurance ◽  
The State ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation

The subject of the study is the inter-regional differences in the state of public health and the demographic situation in the Russian Federation regions. The theoretical aspect of the subject is determined by the development of priorities of the Russian healthcare development strategy aimed at alignment of regional differences in the levels of healthcare development in the Russian Federation regions. The empirical aspect of the subject is to identify interregional differences in the state of public health and the demographic situation in the Russian Federation regions by using the EM cluster analysis method (Expectation Maximization). The method was implemented in the integrated development environment RStudio. The official statistics from Rosstat for the period 2014–2018 were used as the initial dataset. The purpose of the study is justifying the regulation of inter-regional differences of the Russian Federation regions. As a result of clustering, nine homogeneous clusters of the Russian Federation regions were identified. The main characteristics of the formed clusters are determined. Among the priorities of the RF healthcare development strategy are as follows: implementation of a unified tariff policy in the system of compulsory medical insurance; ensuring the balance of territorial compulsory medical insurance programs within the framework of the basic programme of compulsory medical insurance through financial security based on a single per capita standard; development of telemedicine, providing prompt remote consultation of leading experts in the provision of medical care, regardless of the territorial location of the patient and the doctor; ensuring the implementation of distance education courses and continuing education programs for medical workers; rationalization of the distribution of resources and capacities of medical organizations based on a three-tier system of medical care; development of regional public health centres. The results of this study can be used to develop federal and territorial programs for socioeconomic development, formulate a strategy for the development of healthcare at macro- and meso- levels, and optimize decisions of regional authorities regarding population policy.

scholarly journals Effects of digital transformation of the economy and quality of life in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-71
Author(s):  
Galina P. Litvintseva ◽  
Ilya N. Karelin
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Digital Inequality ◽  
The Real ◽  
Regional Index ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Per Capita

This paper deals with the process of digital transformation, its effects and their distribution in the regional aspect. The research is an attempt to define the influence of digital factors on the main indicator of people’s wealth (gross domestic product per capita) considering regional and temporal differences during the period from 2015 to 2018 in the regions of the Russian Federation. The digital component of people’s quality of life is defined based on the Russian regional index (digital index). To estimate the effects, panel data models were used to show the relationships between the parameters in space and time simultaneously for the period from 2015 to 2018. The econometric models surved as a tool for evaluating: 1) influence of the digital index on the real GRP per capita; 2) its influence on the real GRP per capita considering temporal and regional differences. To specify regional differences, digital inequality in the districts and subjects of the Russian Federation was considered. The research findings showed that the Russian regional index of digital component of people’s quality of life grew by 0.051 during the years 2015–2018. Regional factors strongly affect the impact of this index on real GRP per capita. The number of regions with negative corrected elasticity ratios (adjusted appropriately for differences in regions and period) decreased by 5. Variation ratio of the digital index decreased by 10.2%. Compared to the rest of the Russian federal districts, Ural and Northern Caucasus ones demonstrate higher digital inequality. In general, the positive impact of digitalization is identified for economically developed and rich regions of Russia, while for less developed regions, this impact could entail digital risks.

scholarly journals Reforming Industrial Policy of the Region in View of Harmonization and Economic Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203
Author(s):  
Bezhan Kanoat
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Risk Minimization ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article studies the possibility of economic risk minimization in industrial sphere at the expense of industrial policy harmonization in line with economic security. Due to the fact that the level of industrial development in the Russian Federation is still on the post-soviet level, new ways of resolving acute economic problems are needed. Harmonization is necessary so that a new program of industrial development could integrate in the economic system. The author investigates different approaches to interpreting the notion ‘harmonization’ in economic context by experts dealing with possible rise in entrepreneurship efficiency in the Russian Federation. By analyzing such approaches the author’s position on industrial policy harmonization was formulated for the concrete region. At the same time the author developed the system of approaches to minimization of economic risks, rise in industrial efficiency in regions at the expense of harmonization of state policy.

Yeltsin, Putin, and Clinton: Presidential Leadership and Russian Democratization in Comparative Perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Rivera ◽  
Sharon Werning Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
Clinton Administration ◽  
Presidential Leadership ◽  
American Interest ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Boris Yeltsin ◽  
Full Population ◽  
Cross National

Immediately after coming to power, the Clinton administration declared the consolidation of market and democratic institutions in Russia to be a vital American interest. The administration's central tactic for promoting this outcome was to help Boris Yeltsin remain in power. In a major assault on Clinton's historical legacy, much of the scholarly community maintains that U.S. policy was fundamentally flawed, both morally and strategically. In the view of these analysts, post-Soviet Russia's founding president was an autocratic leader who derailed the country's progress toward democracy. However, this body of research focuses exclusively on the Russian Federation and fails to utilize comparative referents. In contrast, we analyze the experiences of the full population of post-communist states of Eastern Europe and Eurasia from 1991 to the present. Whether examined in cross-national or longitudinal perspective, we find that Russian democracy under Yeltsin was, relatively speaking, a success. We conclude that the Clinton administration's policy of support for Yeltsin both served various American foreign policy interests and strengthened the prospects for democratic consolidation in Russia, thereby fulfilling the dictates of both real- and idealpolitik. In addition, the relative success of Russia's democratization in the 1990s, the reversal of that pattern in this decade, and the magnitude of the transformation of the polity under Putin all demonstrate the pivotal role played by presidential leadership in Russia's transition.

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