Mediation as a Transition Process: The Impact on Postschool Employment Outcomes

BackgroundThe public health response to the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a detrimental impact on employment and there are concerns the impact may be greatest among the most vulnerable. We examined the characteristics of those who experienced changes in employment status during the early months of the pandemic.MethodsData were collected from a cross-sectional, nationally representative household survey of the working age population (18–64 years) in Wales in May/June 2020 (n=1379). We looked at changes in employment and being placed on furlough since February 2020 across demographics, contract type, job skill level, health status and household factors. χ2 or Fisher’s exact test and multinomial logistic regression models examined associations between demographics, subgroups and employment outcomes.ResultsOf our respondents, 91.0% remained in the same job in May/June 2020 as they were in February 2020, 5.7% were now in a new job and 3.3% experienced unemployment. In addition, 24% of our respondents reported being placed on furlough. Non-permanent contract types, individuals who reported low mental well-being and household financial difficulties were all significant factors in experiencing unemployment. Being placed on ‘furlough’ was more likely in younger (18–29 years) and older (60–64 years) workers, those in lower skilled jobs and from households with less financial security.ConclusionA number of vulnerable population groups were observed to experience detrimental employment outcomes during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Targeted support is needed to mitigate against both the direct impacts on employment, and indirect impacts on financial insecurity and health.

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Long-Term Employment Outcomes among Female Cancer Survivors

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17082751 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (8) ◽

pp. 2751 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christine C. Ekenga ◽

Eunsun Kwon ◽

BoRin Kim ◽

Sojung Park

Keyword(s):

Cancer Survivors ◽

Employment Status ◽

The United States ◽

Employment Outcomes ◽

Hours Worked ◽

Professional Workers ◽

Working Age ◽

The Impact ◽

Female Cancer Survivors

Advances in early detection and treatment have led to a growing population of female cancer survivors, many of whom are of working age. We examined the relationship between cancer and long-term (>5 years) employment outcomes in a nationally representative sample of working-age women in the United States. Data from nine waves of the Health and Retirement Study were used to examine employment status and weekly hours worked among cancer survivors (n = 483) and women without cancer (n = 6605). We used random slope regression models to estimate the impact of cancer and occupation type on employment outcomes. There was no difference in employment status between cancer survivors and women without cancer at baseline; however, during follow-up, cancer survivors were more likely to be employed than women without cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.58). Among 6–10-year survivors, professional workers were less likely (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.21–0.74) to be employed than manual workers. Among >10-year survivors, professional workers averaged fewer weekly hours worked (−2.4 h, 95% CI: −4.4–−0.47) than manual workers. The impact of cancer on long-term employment outcomes may differ by occupation type. Identifying the occupation-specific mechanisms associated with the return to work will be critical to developing targeted strategies to promote employment in the growing female cancer survivor population.

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Restraining Surface Charge Accumulation and Enhancing Surface Flashover Voltage through Dielectric Coating

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11070750 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 750

Author(s):

Jixing Sun ◽

Sibo Song ◽

Xiyu Li ◽

Yunlong Lv ◽

Jiayi Ren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Charge Transfer ◽

Electric Field ◽

Electric Fields ◽

Transition Process ◽

Metallic Particle ◽

Particle Charging ◽

Insulating Surfaces ◽

Surface Flashover ◽

Charging Time ◽

The Impact

A conductive metallic particle in a gas-insulated metal-enclosed system can charge through conduction or induction and move between electrodes or on insulating surfaces, which may lead to breakdown and flashover. The charge on the metallic particle and the charging time vary depending on the spatial electric field intensity, the particle shape, and the electrode surface coating. The charged metallic particle can move between the electrodes under the influence of the spatial electric field, and it can discharge and become electrically conductive when colliding with the electrodes, thus changing its charge. This process and its factors are mainly affected by the coating condition of the colliding electrode. In addition, the interface characteristics affect the particle when it is near the insulator. The charge transition process also changes due to the electric field strength and the particle charging state. This paper explores the impact of the coating material on particle charging characteristics, movement, and discharge. Particle charging, movement, and charge transfer in DC, AC, and superimposed electric fields are summarized. Furthermore, the effects of conductive particles on discharge characteristics are compared between coated and bare electrodes. The reviewed studies demonstrate that the coating can effectively reduce particle charge and thus the probability of discharge. The presented research results can provide theoretical support and data for studying charge transfer theory and design optimization in a gas-insulated system.

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The road beyond licensing: the impact of a driver licensing support program on employment outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-12218-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bobby Porykali ◽

Patricia Cullen ◽

Kate Hunter ◽

Kris Rogers ◽

Melissa Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Torres Strait Islander ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Employment Outcomes ◽

Support Program ◽

The Road ◽

Regional Area ◽

Torres Strait ◽

The Impact ◽

Driver Licensing

Abstract Background With increasingly tough graduated driver licensing laws in all Australian States and Territories, driver licensing support programs are recognised as being important to support Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples to obtain a driver licence. Such programs appear to improve licensing attainment rates, but few studies have examined the broader impact that these programs can have. This research aims to 1) examine the impact of a New South Wales (NSW) based driver licensing support program (Driving Change) on client employment outcomes; 2) assess the influence of geographical area of program delivery on driver licence attainment. Methods Driving Change was delivered from February 2013 to August 2016 in 4 urban and 7 regional Aboriginal communities of NSW. Clients were followed-up at 6 months or more following contact with the program as part of routine program operations. Descriptive statistics and regression models were used to analyse data. Results From 933 clients contacted 254 agreed to provide feedback, a response rate of 27%. Those that responded were mostly female (57%), aged 24 years and under (72%), unemployed (85%) with secondary education or less (71%) and from a regional area (74%). Adjusted logistic regression indicated that clients who achieved an independent licence were more likely (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.22–5.24, p = 0.011) of reporting a new job or change in job than those who did not attain a licence. Clients from regional areas were more likely (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.27–2.33, p < 0.001) to gain an independent licence than those from urban areas. There was no difference in employment outcomes (OR: 1.2, 95% CI: 0.53–2.52, p = 0.719) for clients from urban compared to regional areas. Conclusion The Driving Change program appears to be effective in improving employment outcomes for those who gained a licence. Clients from regional areas were more likely to gain a licence compared to those in urban settings, and were predominantly young and unemployed, often a hard to reach cohort. Future licensing programs being delivered in regional areas need integrated pathways into employment opportunities to provide holistic services that address the social and economic challenges faced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians.

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Assessing Moving Targets: the Impact of Transition Stages on Entrepreneurship Development

Ekonomika ◽

10.15388/ekon.2005.17406 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 69 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ruta Aidis ◽

Arnis Sauka

Keyword(s):

Empirical Studies ◽

Job Creation ◽

Transition Process ◽

Transition Countries ◽

Legal Issues ◽

Entrepreneurship Development ◽

The Impact ◽

Development Perspective ◽

Transition Stages ◽

Selection Of

An issue that has recently gained in importance in transitional literature is the need to develop a thriving small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) sector since it can contribute significantly to innovation, job creation and economic growth. However, the specific characteristics of SMEs make them especially vulnerable to changes in the legal, social and environmental context. In this paper we are interested in the barriers that SME development encounters during different stages in the transition process. There is no consensus regarding ‘transition stages’, yet various indicators measuring certain aspects of transition progress have been developed. For this paper, we apply a selection of indicators proposed in previous research to approximate three transitional stages that would make sense from an entrepreneurship development perspective. We utilise these indicators to categorise 23 transition countries into transitional stages. On the basis of that utilisation we develop a framework in which we can identify SME development trends based on our analysis of the 25 empirical studies on constraints facing SMEs in transition countries. Our preliminary results indicate that more fundamental barriers related to legal issues are more characteristic of the early stages of transition, while more specific constraints related to human resources and skill development characterise later transition stages.

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The Theory of the Integrated Library and Information Systems Development in “Science towns” (“Naukograd”)

Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)] ◽

10.25281/0869-608x-2011-0-2-43-47 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 43-47

Author(s):

Valerii V. Stupkin

Keyword(s):

Information Systems ◽

General Framework ◽

Transition Process ◽

Systems Development ◽

Information Design ◽

Information Systems Development ◽

New Approach ◽

Information Characteristics ◽

The Impact ◽

Practical Recommendations

The article is devoted to the urgency and necessity of developing the theoretical base and practical recommendations for construction of the integrated library and information systems in science towns (ILIS “Science Town”). It describes the general framework of the information design model. The new approach to research of transition process from traditional libraries cooperation and information services to their alliance, based on the analysis of the impact the interacting elements have on changing the set of their properties and information characteristics.

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The Impact of Financial Development On The Clean Energy Transition In MENA Region: The Role of Institutional And Political Factors.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1090260/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Haifa Saadaoui

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Financial Development ◽

Energy Transition ◽

Transition Process ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Mena Region ◽

Political Factors ◽

Long Run ◽

The Impact

Abstract This study focuses on the role of institutional factors as well as financial development in renewable energy transition in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region over the period 1990-2018 using the ARDL PMG method. The investigation of long-run and short-run analysis confirms that institutional and political factors play a key role in promoting the transition to renewable energy, and shows that improving these factors can lead to decarbonization of the energy sector in the long run. Another important finding is that global financial development does not have a significant effect on the transition process in the long run, implying that the whole financial system needs a fundamental structural change to accelerate the substitution between polluting and clean energies. However, in the short term, the impact appears to be negative and significant, highlighting the inadequacy of financial institutions and financial markets in promoting the region’s sustainable path. Moreover, income drives the transition to renewable energy in both short and long term. The causality results show that both financial development and institutional quality lead to renewable energy transition, while there is a bidirectional link between income and renewable energy.This study can provide a very useful recommendation to promote a clean transition in the MENA region.

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The Identification of Non-Driving Activities with Associated Implication on the Take-Over Process

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s22010042 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 42

Author(s):

Lichao Yang ◽

Mahdi Babayi Semiromi ◽

Yang Xing ◽

Chen Lv ◽

James Brighton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Situation Awareness ◽

Haptic Feedback ◽

Hand Movement ◽

Transition Process ◽

Recognition System ◽

Steering Wheel ◽

Automated Driving ◽

Driver Behaviour ◽

Active Mode ◽

The Impact

In conditionally automated driving, the engagement of non-driving activities (NDAs) can be regarded as the main factor that affects the driver’s take-over performance, the investigation of which is of great importance to the design of an intelligent human–machine interface for a safe and smooth control transition. This paper introduces a 3D convolutional neural network-based system to recognize six types of driver behaviour (four types of NDAs and two types of driving activities) through two video feeds based on head and hand movement. Based on the interaction of driver and object, the selected NDAs are divided into active mode and passive mode. The proposed recognition system achieves 85.87% accuracy for the classification of six activities. The impact of NDAs on the perspective of the driver’s situation awareness and take-over quality in terms of both activity type and interaction mode is further investigated. The results show that at a similar level of achieved maximum lateral error, the engagement of NDAs demands more time for drivers to accomplish the control transition, especially for the active mode NDAs engagement, which is more mentally demanding and reduces drivers’ sensitiveness to the driving situation change. Moreover, the haptic feedback torque from the steering wheel could help to reduce the time of the transition process, which can be regarded as a productive assistance system for the take-over process.

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EMERGING MODELS OF CARE: THE IMPACT OF PHARMACIST-LED MEDICATION MANAGEMENT IN A TRANSITIONAL CARE PROGRAM

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.2602 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S708-S708

Author(s):

Ebony Andrews ◽

Travonia Brown-Hughes ◽

Ronald Lyon ◽

Shanea D Parker ◽

Brad Lazernick

Keyword(s):

Transitional Care ◽

Medication Management ◽

Hospital Readmissions ◽

Care Transitions ◽

Patient Activation ◽

Care Program ◽

Transition Process ◽

Models Of Care ◽

Care Transition ◽

The Impact

Abstract Transitional care programs have emerged as successful models of care in which to reduce cost and improve health outcomes. However, few transitional care models have directly incorporated the expertise of the pharmacist as an integral member of the care coordination team. Therein lies an inherent limitation of many community-based transitional care programs, the underutilization of pharmacist during all stages of the care transition process. In 2013, the Hampton Roads Care Transitions Project (HRCTP), a partnership between Senior Services of Southeastern Virginia Area Agency on Aging in Norfolk, VA and Hampton University School of Pharmacy, was established. The goal of the HRCTP is to provide medication management services to reduce preventable hospital readmissions for adults 60 years of age and older with targeted diagnoses. Pharmacists work in collaboration with social workers who act as HRCTP care transition coaches. Between May 2017- October 2018, 678 patients were enrolled in the HRCTP. The hospital readmission rate among patients with targeted diagnoses was reduced by 55.3% with an absolute percentage point reduction of 9.9% and estimated savings amount per avoided readmission of $14,400. Patients who participated in the HRCTP showed a 14% increase in the Patient Activation Assessment indicating an improvement in self-managing efficacy. 93% of patients/caregivers indicated they felt more confident in their ability to manage their health, and 91% expressed satisfaction with the program. The program has proven effective in assisting seniors to remain in their home, reducing hospitalizations, promoting health, increasing patient satisfaction, and reducing healthcare cost.

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Simple Models for Airport Delays During Transition to a Trajectory-Based Air Traffic System

Journal of Navigation ◽

10.1017/s0373463309990105 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 555-570 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Peter Brooker

Keyword(s):

Traffic Control ◽

Traffic Management ◽

Queuing Theory ◽

New Technologies ◽

Transition Process ◽

Air Traffic ◽

Paradigm Shifts ◽

New Paradigm ◽

Operational Feature ◽

The Impact

It is now widely recognised that a paradigm shift in air traffic control concepts is needed. This requires state-of-the-art innovative technologies, making much better use of the information in the air traffic management (ATM) system. These paradigm shifts go under the names of NextGen in the USA and SESAR in Europe, which inter alia will make dramatic changes to the nature of airport operations. A vital part of moving from an existing system to a new paradigm is the operational implications of the transition process. There would be business incentives for early aircraft fitment, it is generally safer to introduce new technologies gradually, and researchers are already proposing potential transition steps to the new system. Simple queuing theory models are used to establish rough quantitative estimates of the impact of the transition to a more efficient time-based – four-dimensional (4D) – navigational and ATM system. Such models are approximate, but they do offer insight into the broad implications of system change and its significant features. 4D-equipped aircraft in essence have a contract with the airport runway – they would be required to turn up at a very precise time – and, in return, they would get priority over any other aircraft waiting for use of the runway. The main operational feature examined here is the queuing delays affecting non-4D-equipped arrivals. These get a reasonable service if the proportion of 4D-equipped aircraft is low, but this can deteriorate markedly for high proportions, and be economically unviable. Preventative measures would be to limit the additional growth of 4D-equipped flights and/or to modify their contracts to provide sufficient space for the non-4D-equipped flights to operate without excessive delays. There is a potential for non-Poisson models, for which there is little in the literature, and for more complex models, e.g. grouping a succession of 4D-equipped aircraft as a batch.

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