Physical activity and diet relative to socio-economic status and gender in                 British young people

AbstractIntroductionSubstance abuse remains one of the major challenges in young people, as it is one of the top five causes of disability-adjusted life years (DALY). The present study aims to find the prevalence and determinants of substance use among young people attending an urban primary health center in Delhi.MethodologySystematic random sampling was used to enroll the calculated sample size of 190. Substance use was assessed using ASSIST (an Alcohol Smoking Substance Involvement Screening Tool) and brief intervention was given based on the standard guidelines of ASSIST. The total score among the substance users is calculated and divided into Grades 1, 2 or 3. Log binomial regression was performed to quantify the association between substance use and covariates such as age, sex, education, occupation, family history of substance use, socio-economic status and family type. The association was expressed in odds ratio (OR) with 95 percent confidence interval (CI).ResultThe mean age of study participants was 18.6 ± 4.1, ranges from 10 to 24 years. Out of 48 substance users, 43.7% were consuming only tobacco, 22.9% were consuming only alcohol and 33.3% were polysubstance users. The history of substance use among family members of participants was found to be 46.3%. Median substance involvement score of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis users was 19 (IQR: 14.5–22), 19 (IQR: 13.5–25) and 22.5 (IQR: 22–23), respectively. Among tobacco users, 2.7% were Grade 1 and 7.2% were Grade 2. Four (16%), 20 (80%) and one (4%) of alcohol users were Grades 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Among the cannabis users, four (100%) were in the Grade 2 category. The median age of initiation of substance use among users was 16 (range 13–21) years. The analysis shows substance use was almost 25 times (adjusted OR = 25.84, 95% CI 5.65–118.09) more common among males and it increase by 2.5 times with a decrease in socio-economic status (adjusted OR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.27–5.02) and the result is significant. The substance use was almost 7 times higher when there is a family history of substance usage (adjusted OR = 7.40, 95% CI 2.15–25.4). Residential and marital status were not significantly associated with substance use.ConclusionMale sex, lower socio-economic status, participants currently not going to school/college, family history of substance use were found to be significant predictors of substance use among the study participants.

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Influence of Physical Activity and Socio-Economic Status on Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Patients after Stroke

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18158058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 8058

Author(s):

Małgorzata Paprocka-Borowicz ◽

Mona Wiatr ◽

Maria Ciałowicz ◽

Wojciech Borowicz ◽

Agnieszka Kaczmarek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Physical Therapy ◽

Economic Status ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Treatment Of Depression ◽

Post Stroke Depression ◽

The Impact

Stroke is a high-risk factor for depression. Neurological rehabilitation is greatly difficult and often does not include treatment of depression. The post-stroke depression plays an important role in the progress of treatment, health, and the life of the patient. The appropriate treatment of depression could improve the quality of life of the patient and their family. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of physical activity and socio-economic status of the patient on the effectiveness of recovery from depression and the severity of the symptoms of depression. The study was conducted with 40 patients after stroke aged 42–82 years, and included 10 women and 30 men who were hospitalized for two weeks. The severity of depression/anxiety (D/A) symptoms were evaluated two times; at admission and after two weeks of physical therapy. The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) questionnaire was used for this purpose. Socio-economic status was evaluated by several simple questions. It was revealed that physical therapy has a positive influence on mental state. The severity of D/A symptoms after stroke is related to the financial status of the patients (2 = 11.198, p = 0.024). The state of health (2 = 20.57, p = 0.022) and physical fitness (2 = 12.95, p = 0.044) changed the severity of symptoms of anxiety and depressive disorders. The kinesiotherapy in the group of patients with post-stroke depression had positive effects; however, economic and health conditions may influence the prognosis of the disease.

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Young People’s Motivational Profiles in Physical Activity: A Cluster Analysis

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsep.23.1.1 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 1-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 132

Author(s):

C.K. John Wang ◽

Stuart J.H. Biddle

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cluster Analysis ◽

Young People ◽

Large Scale ◽

Goal Orientations ◽

National Sample ◽

Achievement Goal Orientations ◽

Athletic Ability ◽

Self Worth ◽

And Gender

A great deal has been written about the motivation of young people in physical activity, and the determinants of activity for this age group have been identified as a research priority. Despite this, there are few large-scale studies identifying “types” or “clusters” of young people based on their scores on validated motivation inventories. This study reports the results of a cluster analysis of a large national sample (n = 2,510) of 12- to 15-year-olds using contemporary approaches to physical activity motivation: achievement goal orientations, self-determination theory (including amotivation), the nature of athletic ability beliefs, and perceived competence. Five meaningful clusters were identified reflecting two highly motivated and two less well-motivated clusters, as well as a clearly amotivated cluster. Groupings were validated by investigating differences in physical activity participation and perceptions of physical self-worth. Some clusters reflected age and gender differences. The results provide valuable information for likely strategies to promote physical activity in young people.

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The relationship between socio-economic status, parental support and adolescent physical activity

Acta Paediatrica ◽

10.1080/08035250500323772 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 95 (1) ◽

pp. 93-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Lennart Raudsepp

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Parental Support ◽

Economic Status ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Adolescent Physical Activity ◽

The Relationship

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Socio-Economic Status and Gender as Determinant of Dietary Practices of Secondary School Students’ by Exposure to Pictorial Nutrition Education for Sustainability

J of Health Science ◽

10.17265/2328-7136/2019.01.006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Isoken Ihensekhien ◽

Olabisi Busari ◽

Caroline E Adedeji ◽

Lilian Imuetinyan Salami

Keyword(s):

Secondary School ◽

Nutrition Education ◽

Secondary School Students ◽

Economic Status ◽

Education For Sustainability ◽

School Students ◽

Dietary Practices ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

And Gender

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Changes in perceptions of the alcohol environment among participants in a Photovoice project conducted in two districts with different socio-economic status

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0254978 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. e0254978

Author(s):

Irene Molina-de la Fuente ◽

Andrea Pastor ◽

Paloma Conde ◽

María Sandín Vázquez ◽

Carmen Ramos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Social Role ◽

Economic Status ◽

Alcohol Exposure ◽

Alcohol Advertising ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Qualitative Descriptive ◽

The Subject ◽

And Gender

Perceptions of the alcohol environment may influence alcohol consumption patterns. The purpose of this study was to describe changes in perceptions of the urban alcohol environment as experienced by residents of two districts with different socio-economic status after taking part in a Photovoice study. The study was conducted in Madrid, Spain, in a district with a high socio-economic status (HSES) and another district with a low socio-economic status (LSES). A Photovoice project was conducted with 26 participants divided into four groups based on sex and district. Groups met over five sessions in which they discussed photographs taken by the participants themselves on the subject of alcohol in their neighbourhood. A qualitative, descriptive and thematic analysis of participants’ discourses was performed to explore changes in their perceptions of the alcohol environment over the project sessions. Changes in perceptions of the alcohol environment were observed in all groups over the project. The process of change varied by districts’ socio-economic characteristics and gender. Greater changes in perceptions of the alcohol environment were observed in HSES, especially among women, as the participants had a much more positive initial view of their alcohol environment. In LSES, participants showed a more critical perception of the alcohol environment from the beginning of the study, and this broadened and intensified over the course of the sessions. Changes in perceptions also varied by thematic categories, including some categories that were discussed from the start (e.g. socialising and alcohol consumption) and categories that only emerged in later sessions (e.g. alcohol advertising). Involvement in a Photovoice project has favoured a shift in the participant’s perceptions of their alcohol environment towards more critical positions, widening their scope of perceived elements and raising their awareness of specific problems, such as alcohol advertising and social role of alcohol consumption in relation to alcohol exposure.

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Effects of a 2-year healthy eating and physical activity intervention for 3–6-year-olds in communities of high and low socio-economic status: the POP (Prevention of Overweight among Pre-school and school children) project

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980012000687 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 1737-1745 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Valerie De Coen ◽

Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij ◽

Carine Vereecken ◽

Vera Verbestel ◽

Leen Haerens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Physical Activity Intervention ◽

Economic Status ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Eating Behaviour ◽

Total Sample ◽

Low Ses ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Profile Control

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a school-based, 2-year, multi-component intervention on BMI, eating and physical activity behaviour in Flanders, Belgium, targeting children aged 3–6 years in communities of high and low socio-economic status (SES).DesignCluster-randomized controlled trial.SettingThirty-one pre-primary and primary schools in three different intervention communities and three paired-matched (on SES profile) control communities in Flanders, Belgium.SubjectsBMI Z-scores at baseline and follow-up were calculated for 1102 children. Questionnaires with sociodemographic data and FFQ were available from 694 of these 1102 children.ResultsNo significant effects were found on BMI Z-scores for the total sample. However, there was a significant decrease in BMI Z-score of 0·11 in the low-SES intervention community compared with the low-SES control community, where the BMI Z-score increased by 0·04 (F = 6·26, P = 0·01). No significant intervention effects could be found for eating behaviour, physical activity or screen-time. There were no significant interaction effects of age and gender of the children on the outcome variables.ConclusionsAlthough no significant effects were found for BMI Z-scores in the total sample, this intervention had a promising effect in the low-SES community of reducing excess weight gain among young children.

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