Determinants of substance use among young people attending an urban primary health center in Delhi

AbstractIntroductionSubstance abuse remains one of the major challenges in young people, as it is one of the top five causes of disability-adjusted life years (DALY). The present study aims to find the prevalence and determinants of substance use among young people attending an urban primary health center in Delhi.MethodologySystematic random sampling was used to enroll the calculated sample size of 190. Substance use was assessed using ASSIST (an Alcohol Smoking Substance Involvement Screening Tool) and brief intervention was given based on the standard guidelines of ASSIST. The total score among the substance users is calculated and divided into Grades 1, 2 or 3. Log binomial regression was performed to quantify the association between substance use and covariates such as age, sex, education, occupation, family history of substance use, socio-economic status and family type. The association was expressed in odds ratio (OR) with 95 percent confidence interval (CI).ResultThe mean age of study participants was 18.6 ± 4.1, ranges from 10 to 24 years. Out of 48 substance users, 43.7% were consuming only tobacco, 22.9% were consuming only alcohol and 33.3% were polysubstance users. The history of substance use among family members of participants was found to be 46.3%. Median substance involvement score of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis users was 19 (IQR: 14.5–22), 19 (IQR: 13.5–25) and 22.5 (IQR: 22–23), respectively. Among tobacco users, 2.7% were Grade 1 and 7.2% were Grade 2. Four (16%), 20 (80%) and one (4%) of alcohol users were Grades 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Among the cannabis users, four (100%) were in the Grade 2 category. The median age of initiation of substance use among users was 16 (range 13–21) years. The analysis shows substance use was almost 25 times (adjusted OR = 25.84, 95% CI 5.65–118.09) more common among males and it increase by 2.5 times with a decrease in socio-economic status (adjusted OR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.27–5.02) and the result is significant. The substance use was almost 7 times higher when there is a family history of substance usage (adjusted OR = 7.40, 95% CI 2.15–25.4). Residential and marital status were not significantly associated with substance use.ConclusionMale sex, lower socio-economic status, participants currently not going to school/college, family history of substance use were found to be significant predictors of substance use among the study participants.

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Study of some epidemiological aspects of seizure disorders among children in rural area of a district

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20182617 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (7) ◽

pp. 2888

Author(s):

Pralhad Sureshrao Potdar

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Family History ◽

Head Injury ◽

Rural Area ◽

Economic Status ◽

Seizure Disorder ◽

Cns Infection ◽

Seizure Disorders ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

History Of

Background: Seizures are the most common paediatric neurologic disorder, with 4% to 10% of children suffering at least one seizure in the first 16 years of life. Most seizures occur before age 3 years.Methods: The present study was undertaken with an objective to study prevalence of seizure disorders among the children aged 14 years and below in rural area of a district and to study some socio-demographic factors and some risk factors associated with it among the study subjects. This was a community based cross-sectional descriptive study.Results: The prevalence of seizure disorder in the area studied was 10.84%. Of the total 1200 subjects examined, 52.67% were males and 47.33% were females. Mean age of the study population was 6.48±3.33 years, median was 6 years. Age, sex, family history, and socio-economic status were highly statistically significant with risk of seizure disorders (p<0.01). H/o Head injury, H/o CNS infection were statistically age, sex, family history of seizure disorders and socio-economic status were independently associated with risk of seizure disorders (p<0.01).Conclusions: prevalence of seizure disorder in the area studied was 10.84%.Significant association was observed between seizure disorder and age, sex, socio economic status, family history of seizure disorder, h/o infections and h/o head injury. Further research is needed to better understand the intricate relationship among socio-demographic risk factors and seizure disorders in order to ensure the best possible outcomes for individuals with seizure disorders.

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Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors amongst antenatal women attending urban health centre of Rajkot City, Gujarat

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192848 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. 3033

Author(s):

Nirav K. Nimavat ◽

Roma S. Dadwani ◽

Girija P. Kartha

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Family History ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Urban Health ◽

Economic Status ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

History Of

Background: Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) vary widely depending on the region of the country, dietary habits, and socio-economic status. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of GDM and risk factors associated with it, in women attending an antenatal care (ANC) clinic at urban health training center in Rajkot city, Gujarat.Methods: This study enrolled women, with estimated gestational age between 24 and 28 week, attending UHC in Rajkot. After informing, women who consented to participate were given a standardized 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). A proforma containing general information on demographic characteristics, socio-economic status, education level, parity, family history of diabetes and/or hypertension was filled up. Diabetes in pregnancy study group India (DIPSI) criteria for 75 g 2-h OGTT was used for diagnosing GDM.Results: Total of 366 women participated in the study and GDM was diagnosed in 36 (9.8%) women. Age, parity, BMI, family history of DM and hypertension were accessed and found to be not significant. History of hypertension in previous pregnancy was statistically significant with occurrence of GDM in present pregnancy.Conclusions: The prevalence of GDM was found to be 9.8 per cent in a UHC, Rajkot. Appropriate interventions are required for control of GDM and modifications of risk factors.

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Blood pressure distribution in relation with age, anthropometric measurements and socio economic status among school children of Warangal city, Telangana, India

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20202618 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 1566

Author(s):

Mohd Sirazuddin ◽

Najma Farheen ◽

Shirisha Navley

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

School Children ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Economic Status ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Indian Children ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

History Of ◽

Family History Of Hypertension

Background: Hypertension is the one major global burden disease, causes 7.5 million deaths i.e.12.8%. Coronary Heart Disease Prevails 3-4% rural and 8-10% of urban population under 20 year’s age in India. Two fold rise in rural & six fold rise in urban areas since four decades. Environmental and Genetic factors i.e. Sex, BSA, obesity, family history of hypertension, dietary habits, physical activity, stress, race, ethnicity and socio economic status influence on children and adolescent. Many studies have established normal standards of BP for the children of different ages and races in their countries. Indian children cannot be adopted due to differences in ethnic, socio-economic, dietetic, environmental and emotional factors.Methods: A cross sectional study done with 2422 children of 5 to 16 years age school children, selected from 13 Schools (Government and Private) of Urban and Rural areas of Warangal.Results: A linear increase in mean BP with age, sex, weight, height, social status and locality. DBP has strong negative correlation with sex. i.e. female have high DBP and children of lower class and rural area has high DBP. 54 children <85th and 95th percentile and 5 children >95th percentile has comparatively high mean BP, 27 children with history of Hypertension in parents are >85th and 95th percentiles. Positive correlation with BMI in both sexes studied. A multivariate regression study confers positive strong correlation of Mean SBP and DBP with anthropometry.Conclusions: Observed similar results of SBP and DBP in both sexes, linear Increase in mean SBP and DBP with increasing age, weight, height and BMI. Family history of hypertension and high SES had direct correlation to SBP and DBP; class I SES has higher Mean SBP than class III SES.

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The role of pubertal timing in the link between family history of alcohol use disorder and late adolescent substance use

Drug and Alcohol Dependence ◽

10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107955 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 210 ◽

pp. 107955

Author(s):

Alexander S. Weigard ◽

Jillian E. Hardee ◽

Robert A. Zucker ◽

Mary M. Heitzeg ◽

Adriene M. Beltz

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Family History ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Pubertal Timing ◽

Adolescent Substance Use ◽

Late Adolescent ◽

Adolescent Substance ◽

History Of

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Does family history of alcohol problems influence college and university drinking or substance use? A meta-analytical review

Addiction ◽

10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03903.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 107 (10) ◽

pp. 1774-1785 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Jennifer C. Elliott ◽

Kate B. Carey ◽

Katherine E. Bonafide

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Family History ◽

Alcohol Problems ◽

College And University ◽

Analytical Review ◽

History Of

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Substance Use Disorders in Men Presenting to a Psychosexual Clinic

ISRN Addiction ◽

10.1155/2014/486383 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Ravi Philip Rajkumar

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Family History ◽

Sexual Dysfunction ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Substance Dependence ◽

Causal Relation ◽

Alcohol Use Disorders ◽

Community Based ◽

History Of ◽

A Current

Introduction. Substance use disorders (SUDs) are commonly associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders. Community-based studies have found a significant association between SUDs and sexual dysfunction in men, with a possible causal relation in the case of nicotine. Methods. The case records of 105 men presenting to a clinic for patients with psychosexual disorders were reviewed. Men with and without comorbid SUDs were compared in terms of demographic, clinical, and familial variables. Results. 25 of the 105 men (23.8%) had a lifetime diagnosis of SUD, and 19 (18.1%) had a current SUD. The commonest substances involved were nicotine (n = 21, 20%) and alcohol (n = 9, 9.5%). Men with comorbid SUDs were more likely to report a family history of substance dependence, particularly alcoholism. Single men with SUDs were more likely to have a comorbid mood disorder. Conclusion. SUDs, particularly nicotine and alcohol use disorders, are common comorbidities in patients with psychosexual disorders. Identifying and treating these disorders in this population are important aspects of management.

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Are good knowledge and positive attitudes regarding the cigarettes and other tobacco products act prevalent among rural Indian adults?

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20175800 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 289

Author(s):

Pracheth R. ◽

Varun N. ◽

Ravindra Y. M. ◽

Preethi S. ◽

Tasmiya K. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

Rural Area ◽

Economic Status ◽

Good Knowledge ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Knowledge And Attitudes ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

Knowledge And Attitude ◽

Study Participants

Background: Cigarettes and other tobacco products (COTPA) Act is a legislation passed to curb tobacco use in India by imposing restrictions on tobacco products. This study appraised knowledge and attitudes regarding COTPA Act among adults in a rural area and elicited socio-demographic predictors of knowledge and attitudes regarding COTPA Act among study participants.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2014 on adults (aged ≥18 years) in a rural area of Coastal Karnataka. A pre-designed, pre-tested proforma was used to collect information from study participants regarding their knowledge and attitudes about COTPA Act. Knowledge and attitude scores were computed. A score of ≥4 was good knowledge and ≥3 was regarded as positive attitudes.Results: Nearly 49.14% had good knowledge, while 51.29% displayed positive attitudes. Those belonging to upper and upper middle socio-economic class (Class I+Class II) had higher odds for good knowledge (AOR=2.09, 95% CI=0.82-5.92), when compared to their counterparts belonging to other socio-economic classes. Age ≥60 years (AOR=3.80, 95% CI= 0.30-9.98), education beyond primary school (AOR=2.88, 95% CI=1.24-6.19), upper and upper middle class socio-economic status (AOR=3.68, 95% CI=1.34-7.02) were the key predictor variables for positive attitudes.Conclusions:Nearly half the study participants had good knowledge and positive attitudes towards COTPA Act. High socio-economic status could predict good knowledge, while age ≥60 years, education beyond primary school and a high socio-economic status were the key variables predicting positive attitudes. Educational campaigns can help improve knowledge. Assessment of knowledge and attitude is imperative prior to implementation of policies to ensure effectiveness.

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