scholarly journals Energy Expenditure of Standing Compared to Sitting While Conducting Office Tasks

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1078-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Burns ◽  
Cuisle Forde ◽  
Sara Dockrell
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Office Work ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Workplace Needs ◽  
The Difference

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the energy expenditure of common office-based tasks. The objectives were to: (a) test the classification of tasks as sedentary or light-intensity physical activity and (b) compare the energy expenditure of tasks under two postural conditions (sitting and standing). Background The sedentary nature of office work has been highlighted as a health risk, and strategies to reduce sedentary behavior at work have been developed. However, there is limited evidence to guide the utilization of sit-stand workstations in the workplace for metabolic health benefits. Method A repeated measures laboratory-based study compared the energy expenditure of common office tasks in sitting and standing using indirect calorimetry ( n = 22). Four standardized tasks (sitting/standing quietly, reading, typing, sorting paper) under two postural conditions (sitting, standing) were performed in a randomized order. Results The mean energy expenditure for all tasks in sitting and standing was <1.5 METs. There were no significant differences in the energy expenditure of doing the same task in sitting compared to standing. In a repeated measures ANOVA, task ( p < .001) had a greater influence on METs expended than posture ( p = .030). Conclusion The study confirmed that the difference in energy expenditure of tasks carried out in sitting compared to standing is negligible. Application The ubiquitous use and utility of sit-stand workstations in the workplace needs to be reviewed. Notwithstanding the potential benefits of movement that may occur naturally, this study confirmed that standing as opposed to sitting does not produce a clinically important increase in energy expenditure.

Activity and energy expenditure in laying hens: 3. The energy cost of eating and posture

1976 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Van Kampen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Difference

SummaryThe influence of standing, spontaneous activity and eating on heat production was determined.The extra heat production of standing is negatively correlated with the length of standing period. In a short standing period of 30 min the associated activity, pecking against the respirometer wall and fluffing the feathers, was high and the heat production was increased by 25% compared with that during sitting. After standing for 1½ h spontaneous activity was very low and the difference in heat production between the standing and sitting bird was reduced by 9%.During eating the heat production increased by an average of 37% (range 11–68%); this was due mainly to the act of eating per se and not to the work of digestion.The mean energy cost of eating was calculated to be 143 J/kg0·75/min spent eating.

Alterations in post-movement beta event related synchronization throughout the migraine cycle: A controlled, longitudinal study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 718-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Syvertsen Mykland ◽  
Marte Helene Bjørk ◽  
Marit Stjern ◽  
Trond Sand
Keyword(s):  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cyclic Changes ◽  
Student’S T Test

Background The migraine brain is believed to have altered cortical excitability compared to controls and between migraine cycle phases. Our aim was to evaluate post-activation excitability through post-movement beta event related synchronization (PMBS) in sensorimotor cortices with and without sensory discrimination. Subjects and methods We recorded EEG of 41 migraine patients and 31 healthy controls on three different days with classification of days in relation to migraine phases. During each recording, subjects performed one motor and one sensorimotor task with the right wrist. Controls and migraine patients in the interictal phase were compared with repeated measures (R-) ANOVA and two sample Student’s t-test. Migraine phases were compared to the interictal phase with R-ANOVA and paired Student’s t-test. Results The difference between PMBS at the contralateral and ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex was altered throughout the migraine cycle. Compared to the interictal phase, we found decreased PMBS at the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex in the ictal phase and increased PMBS in the preictal phase. Lower ictal PMBS was found in bilateral sensorimotor cortices in patients with right side headache predominance. Conclusion The cyclic changes of PMBS in migraine patients may indicate that a dysfunction in deactivation and interhemispheric inhibition of the sensorimotor cortex is involved in the migraine attack cascade.

scholarly journals Prospective Evaluation of Health Care Provider and Patient Assessments in Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012300
Author(s):  
Paola Alberti ◽  
Davide Paolo Bernasconi ◽  
David R. Cornblath ◽  
Ingemar Sergio Jose Merkies ◽  
Susanna B Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Status ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Peripheral Neurotoxicity ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
Clinically Important Deterioration ◽  
Patient Assessments ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

OBJECTIVEThere is not agreement on the “gold standard” for detection and grading of Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity (CIPN) in clinical trials. We performed an observational prospective study to assess and compare both patient-based and physician-based methods.METHODSConsecutive patients, aged 18 years or older, candidates for neurotoxic chemotherapy were enrolled in US/EU/Australia. A trained investigator performed physician-based scales (Total Neuropathy Score clinical [©Johns Hopkins University; TNSc], then used to calculate TNS nurse [TNSn]) and supervised the patient-completed questionnaire (FACT/GOG-NTX©). Evaluations were performed before and at the end of chemotherapy. On participants without neuropathy at baseline we assessed the association between TNSc, TNSn and FACT/GOG-NTX. Considering a previously established Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) for FACT/GOG-NTX, we identified participants with and without a clinically important deterioration according to this scale. Then, we calculated the MCID for TNSc and TNSn as the difference in the mean change score of these scales between the two groups.RESULTSData from 254 participants were available, 180 (71%) had normal neurological status at baseline. At the end of the study, 88% of participants developed any grade of neuropathy. TNSc, TNSn and FACT/GOG-NTX showed good responsiveness (standardized mean change from baseline to end of chemotherapy >1 for all scales). On the 153 participants without neuropathy at baseline and treated with a known neurotoxic chemotherapy regimen we verified a moderate correlation in both TNSc and TNSn scores with FACT/GOG-NTX (Spearman correlation index r=0.6). On the same sample, considering as clinically important a change in the FACT/GOG-NTX score of at least 3.3 points, the MCID was 3.7 for TNSc and 2.8 for the TNSn.CONCLUSIONSMCID for TNSc and TNSn have been calculated, and the TNSn can be considered a reliable alternative objective clinical assessment if a more extended neurological examination is not possible. Moreover, the FACT/GOG-NTX score can be reduced to 7 items and these items correlate well with the TNSc and TNSn.CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCEThis study provides Class III evidence that a patient-completed questionnaire and nurse-assessed scale correlate with a physician-assessed scale.

scholarly journals Efficient feature for classification of eye movements using electrooculography signals

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. 563-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pornchai Phukpattaranont ◽  
Siriwadee Aungsakul ◽  
Angkoon Phinyomark ◽  
Chusak Limsakul
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Human Computer Interface ◽  
Scatter Plot ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Maximum Peak ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Feature Values

Electrooculography (EOG) signal is widely and successfully used to detect activities of human eye. The advantages of the EOG-based interface over other conventional interfaces have been presented in the last two decades; however, due to a lot of information in EOG signals, the extraction of useful features should be done before the classification task. In this study, an efficient feature extracted from two directional EOG signals: vertical and horizontal signals has been presented and evaluated. There are the maximum peak and valley amplitude values, the maximum peak and valley position values, and slope, which are derived from both vertical and horizontal signals. In the experiments, EOG signals obtained from five healthy subjects with ten directional eye movements were employed: up, down, right, left, up-right, up-left, down-right down-left clockwise and counterclockwise. The mean feature values and their standard deviations have been reported. The difference between the mean values of the proposed feature from different eye movements can be clearly seen. Using the scatter plot, the differences in features can be also clearly observed. Results show that classification accuracy can approach 100% with a simple distinction feature rule. The proposed features can be useful for various advanced human-computer interface applications in future researches.

scholarly journals QOLP-13. IMPACT OF CANNABIS USE ON QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMORS

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi200-vi200
Author(s):  
Eduardo Rodriguez Almaraz ◽  
Nicholas Butowski ◽  
Susan Chang ◽  
Nancy Ann Oberheim-Bush ◽  
Jennifer Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Primary Brain Tumors ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Validated Instrument ◽  
Single Center Observational Study

Abstract BACKGROUND Nearly 80,000 new cases of primary brain tumors are expected to be diagnosed this year, 32% of CNS tumors are malignant. Anecdotally, patients who report use of cannabis, frequently describe higher quality of life scores (QOL) in standardized instruments. However, the lack of available tools that allow systematic documentation of cannabis use results in a barrier to accurately assess efficacy, potential benefits and risks. METHODS We conducted a single center, observational study: patients with primary brain tumors answered a previously validated instrument to explore cannabis use. QOL was assessed using the instruments from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer: QLQ-C30 and its complementary module BN-20 as well as the EuroQol instrument EQ-5D-5L. Eligible participants were identified as cannabis users or non-users, completing the instruments in a self-administered fashion. RESULTS To date, 51 patients who signed informed consent were enrolled and answered the questionnaires, mean age was 51 (SD 12.95) years, 34 were male, 30 were considered active cannabis users (66.6% males and 33.3% females). The mean global health score in the QLQ-C30 instrument was 68.4 (SD: 20.7) among cannabis users and 82.2 (SD: 17.5) among non-users. The mean difference in QOL scores between users and non-users was 13.8 (95%CI: 2.8, 24.8; p=0.01). In contrast the difference between cannabis users and non-users in QOL index in the EQ-5D-5L instrument was 0.13 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.2; p=0.001). Among cannabis users, patients perceive their symptoms as moderate before using cannabis and mild after using cannabis (p >0.001) CONCLUSIONS In our analysis, patients who use cannabis reported, on average, lower QOL scores. Potentially, sicker patients resort to cannabis to improve their symptoms and ultimately quality of life. The perception of patients is that cannabis usage improves overall quality of life. Findings provide support to perform prospective studies.

The Foot Posture Index

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Sánchez Rodríguez ◽  
Alfonso Martínez Nova ◽  
Elena Escamilla Martínez ◽  
Beatriz Gómez Martín ◽  
Rodrigo Martínez Quintana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Neutral Posture

Background: The Foot Posture Index (FPI) quantifies foot posture on the basis of six criteria. Although the male foot is longer and broader than the female foot, limited evidence exists about the differences in foot posture between the sexes and which are its biological and anthropometric determinants. We sought to evaluate possible sex differences in the FPI and the determinants influencing foot posture. Methods: In 400 individuals (201 men and 199 women), the FPI was determined in the static bipedal stance and relaxed position. The FPI was obtained as the sum of the scores (−2, −1, 0, 1, or 2) given to each of six criteria. A multiple regression model was constructed of the overall FPI against age, weight, height, body mass index, and foot size. Results: The mean ± SD FPI was 2.0 ± 4.3 overall, 1.6 ± 4.5 for men, and 2.4 ± 4.1 for women, with the difference being nonsignificant (P = .142). The neutral posture was the most frequent (57.3%). A greater proportion of women had neutral and pronated feet, and a greater proportion of men had supinated and highly supinated feet, with the differences being nonsignificant (P = .143). Foot size, height, and body mass index together explained 10.1% of the overall FPI value (P &lt; .001). Conclusions: The most frequent posture was neutral with a certain degree of pronation, with no differences in FPI values between men and women. Participants with larger foot sizes had higher FPI values, whereas taller and heavier participants had lower FPI values. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 103(5): 400–404, 2013)

scholarly journals Intraocular Pressure Changes after Water Drinking Test in Surgically Treated Primary Congenital Glaucoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Razeghinejad ◽  
Zahra Tajbakhsh ◽  
Masoumeh Beigom Masoumpour ◽  
M. Hossein Nowroozzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Congenital Glaucoma ◽  
Glaucoma Drainage Device ◽  
Primary Congenital Glaucoma ◽  
Water Drinking ◽  
Drinking Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Water Drinking Test

Purpose: To assess intraocular pressure (IOP) changes after the water drinking test (WDT) in patients with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). Methods: In this prospective interventional study, 20 eyes of 20 patients with PCG were included. All patients had undergone trabeculotomy. Six out of twenty eyes had received a glaucoma drainage device (GDD) implantation. IOP was measured using an air-puff tonometer at baseline, and 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after WDT. The repeated-measures analysis of variance test was used to compare the mean IOPs at different time points. Results: The mean (± standard deviation) of participants’ age was 9.9 ± 2.7 years (range, 6 to 16 years), and 8 (40%) participants were male. The mean IOPs at baseline and 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after the WDT were 15.8 ± 3.7, 18.6 ± 3.4, 19.0 ± 3.8, 17.9 ± 3.8, and 16.9 ± 3.5 mmHg, respectively (P < 0.001). Pairwise comparisons revealed that the mean IOPs after 15 and 30 min were significantly greater than the baseline IOP (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively); however, the difference in mean IOPs after 45 and 60 min were not statistically significant from the baseline IOP. The averages of IOP peak and IOP fluctuation after the WDT were 20.0 ± 3.5 and 4.2 ± 2.9 mmHg, respectively. IOP fluctuation in those who underwent trabeculotomy alone was twice that of those with GDDs, but the difference was not statistically significant (5.0 vs 2.5 mmHg; P = 0.08). Conclusions: In patients with PCG, WDT induced significant IOP elevation 15 and 30 min after the test, which returned to pre-test values after 45 min.

Hypometabolizers: Characteristics of Obese Patients with Abnormally Low Resting Energy Expenditure

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Rosales-Velderrain ◽  
Ross F. Goldberg ◽  
Gretchen E. Ames ◽  
Ronald L. Stone ◽  
Scott A. Lynch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Resting Energy

Weight gain or loss is determined by the difference between calorie intake and energy expenditure. The Mifflin metabolic equation most accurately predicts resting energy expenditure (REE) in morbidly obese patients. Hypometabolizers have a measured REE that is much less than predicted and pose the greatest challenge for weight loss induced by restriction of calorie intake. We studied 628 morbidly obese patients (467 female and 161 men, aged 52.5 ± 15.7 years, body mass index [BMI] of 42.6 ± 7.6 m/kg2 [mean ± SD]). REE was measured using the MedGem® device (REEm) and the percentage variance (δREE%) from the Mifflin-predicted expenditure (REEp) was calculated. Patients with δREE% more than 1 standard deviation from the mean were defined as hypometabolizers (REEm greater than 27% below REEp) and hypermetabolizers (REEm less than 13% above REEp), respectively. Hypometabolizers had greater REEp (1900 ± 301 vs 1719 ± 346 calories, P = 0.005) and lower REEm (1244 ± 278 vs 2161 ± 438 calories, P < 0.0001) than hypermetabolizers. Hypometabolizers, when compared with hypermetabolizers, were taller (167.2 ± 8.4 vs 164.0 ± 10.9 cm, P = 0.04), heavier (123.6 ± 22.2 vs 110.2 ± 23.1 kg, P = 0.006), and had increased BMI (44.1 ± 6.5 vs 40.8 ± 6.5 kg/m2, P = 0.04). Other measured anthropometrics were not different between hypo- and hypermetabolizers. Hypometabolizers were less likely to be diabetic (23 vs 43%, P = 0.03) and more likely to be black (25 vs 5%, P = 0.002) than hypermetabolizers. This study defines hypometabolizers as having variance in REEm more than 27 per cent below that predicted by the Mifflin equation. We could not identify any distinguishing phenotypic characteristics of hypometabolizers, suggesting an influence unrelated to body composition.

Cutting, Impingement, Contact, Endurance, Flexibility, and Asymmetric/Overhead Sports: Is There a Difference in Return-to-Sport Rate After Arthroscopic Femoroacetabular Impingement Surgery? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 036354652095044
Author(s):  
Ioanna K. Bolia ◽  
Hansel Ihn ◽  
Hyunwoo P. Kang ◽  
Cory K. Mayfield ◽  
Karen K. Briggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Arthroscopy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Intraoperative Procedures ◽  
Overhead Athletes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Background: Previous studies have established a classification of sports based on hip mechanics: cutting, impingement, contact, endurance, flexibility, and asymmetric/overhead. No previous review has compared the outcomes of hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) using this classification. Purpose: To determine whether the rate of return to sport differs among cutting, impingement, contact, endurance, flexibility, and asymmetric/overhead athletes who undergo hip arthroscopy for FAIS. We also aimed to identify differences in patient characteristics, intraoperative procedures performed, and time to return to play among the 6 sport categories. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Three electronic databases were searched for eligible articles. Two reviewers independently screened the titles, abstract, and full-text articles using prespecified criteria. Eligible articles were those that reported the rate of return to sport (defined by the number of hips) after hip arthroscopy for FAIS in athletes of all levels. Data collected were patient age, sex, body mass index, type of sport, rate and time to return to sport, and intraoperative procedures performed. A mixed effects model was used for meta-analysis. Results: A total of 29 articles and 1426 hip arthroscopy cases were analyzed with 185 cutting, 258 impingement, 304 contact, 207 endurance, 116 flexibility, and 356 asymmetric/overhead athletes. The mean age was similar among the 6 subgroups ( P = .532), but the proportion of female athletes was significantly higher in flexibility, endurance, and asymmetric/overhead sports as compared with impingement and contact athletes. Flexibility athletes had the highest rate of return to sport after hip arthroscopy for FAIS (94.8%), whereas contact athletes had the lowest rate (88%). The longest mean ± SD time (8.5 ± 1.9 months) to return to sport was reported in cutting sports, while endurance athletes returned faster than the rest (5.4 ± 2.6 months). The difference in rate and time to return to sport, as well as the intraoperative procedure performed, did not reach statistical significance among the 6 subgroups. There was evidence of publication bias and study heterogeneity, and the mean Methodological Index for Non-randomized Studies score was 13 ± 2.6. Conclusion: Flexibility athletes had the highest rate of return to sport after hip arthroscopy for FAIS, while endurance athletes returned the fastest. The difference in rate and time to return to sport and intraoperative procedures performed did not reach statistical significance among the 6 subgroups. These results are limited by the evidence of publication bias and should be interpreted with caution. Laboratory-based studies are necessary to validate the classification of sports based on hip mechanics.

scholarly journals Nurses’ Perception about Stakeholders’ Image of a Nurse

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Vaz De Braganca ◽  
R. Nirmala
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Public Image ◽  
The Public ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Introduction The diversity in the public image about nurses, the nursing profession, and the comprehension about the true functions and domains of nurses’ job engagement is one of the powerful contrivances that impact nurses’ self-esteem and authority, and recruitment and retention in the health industry. Objective This study aims at identifying the difference between nurses’ perception about the different stakeholders’ image of a nurse. Methods Self-reports on nurses’ perception about doctors’ image of a nurse, patients’ image of a nurse, other hospital staffs’ image of a nurse, and self-perception about a nurse were collected from a sample of 749 registered nurses selected using stratified random sampling from different settings across the state. Data were collected using an adapted version of the Porter Nursing Image Scale. Results Data were tested for the mean and standard deviation (SD); and within-subjects difference using the general linear model and repeated measures analysis of variance indicated a difference in the nurses’ perception about image of a nurse with respect to doctors (mean = 53.22; SD = 6.5), patients (mean = 51.91; SD = 6.9), other hospital staff (mean = 53.05; SD = 6.8), and self (mean = 58.36; SD = 6.9), with F(2.625, 1963.5) = 352.656, p < 0.000, and R 2 = 0.32. Conclusion The findings indicate a difference in the nurses’ perception about the stakeholders’ image of a nurse. This research suggests the need for strategies toward promoting positive nurse image among stakeholders.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document