scholarly journals Nurses’ Perception about Stakeholders’ Image of a Nurse

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Vaz De Braganca ◽  
R. Nirmala
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Public Image ◽  
The Public ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Introduction The diversity in the public image about nurses, the nursing profession, and the comprehension about the true functions and domains of nurses’ job engagement is one of the powerful contrivances that impact nurses’ self-esteem and authority, and recruitment and retention in the health industry. Objective This study aims at identifying the difference between nurses’ perception about the different stakeholders’ image of a nurse. Methods Self-reports on nurses’ perception about doctors’ image of a nurse, patients’ image of a nurse, other hospital staffs’ image of a nurse, and self-perception about a nurse were collected from a sample of 749 registered nurses selected using stratified random sampling from different settings across the state. Data were collected using an adapted version of the Porter Nursing Image Scale. Results Data were tested for the mean and standard deviation (SD); and within-subjects difference using the general linear model and repeated measures analysis of variance indicated a difference in the nurses’ perception about image of a nurse with respect to doctors (mean = 53.22; SD = 6.5), patients (mean = 51.91; SD = 6.9), other hospital staff (mean = 53.05; SD = 6.8), and self (mean = 58.36; SD = 6.9), with F(2.625, 1963.5) = 352.656, p < 0.000, and R 2 = 0.32. Conclusion The findings indicate a difference in the nurses’ perception about the stakeholders’ image of a nurse. This research suggests the need for strategies toward promoting positive nurse image among stakeholders.

Efektivitas Comprehensive Breastfeeding Education terhadap Keberhasilan Pemberian Air Susu Ibu Postpartum

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Nurbaeti ◽  
Kustati Budi Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Breastfeeding Education ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Postpartum Mothers

Pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI) masih merupakan masalah bagi pemenuhan kebutuhan nutrisi bayi baru lahir. Dukungan agar ibu menyusui bayi merupakan hal penting dalam menginisiasi dan mempertahankan pemberian ASI. Strategi dibutuhkan untuk mendukung keberhasilan menyusui. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis efektivitas comprehensive breastfeeding education terhadap keberhasilan pemberian (ASI) pada periode postpartum. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan kuasi eksperimen one group pre post test repeated measured design. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 22 ibu dengan menggunakan teknik accidental sampling. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan pada bulan September–Oktober 2013 di Puskesmas wilayah Kota Tangerang Selatan. Intervensi dilakukan selama 30 menit. Pengumpulan data dilakukan sebelum intervensi, 3 hari setelah intervensi (post1), dan 10 hari setelah intervensi (post 2). Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan observasi. Keberhasilan pemberian ASI berdasar pada parameter pengetahuan, langkah menyusui, perlekatan bayi, dan kecukupan ASI. Analisis data menggunakan general linear model repeated measureANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya signifikansi comprehensive breastfeeding education (p=0.001). Rata-rata keberhasilan pemberian ASI sebelum dan setelah intervensi meningkat. Sebesar 93,9% intervensi memengaruhi tingkat keberhasilan. Rata-rata sebelum intervensi 56,74 (SD 5,92), post 1 sebesar 60,83 (SD 6,38) dan post2 sebesar 74,55 (SD 5,32). Subvariabel yang memiliki efek secara signifikan setelah intervensi adalah pengetahuan (p=0.001) dan langkah menyusui (p=0.001), sedangkan subvariabel perlekatan bayi (p=0.061) dan kecukupan ASI (p=0.162) tidak secara signifikan berbeda antara sebelum dan setelah intervensi. Pelaksanaanbreastfeeding education disarankan pada ibu agar dapat melakukan posisi perlekatan bayi yang benar sehingga dapat mengurangi masalah-masalah berkaitan dengan perlekatan yang tidak sesuai seperti puting perih, lecet atau berdarah, dan bayi kurang puas dalam menyusu yang bisa mengakibatkan gagalnya program ASI ekslusif.Kata kunci:Menyusui, pendidikan, perlekatan, postpartum AbstractBreastfeeding have still been problem for adequate newborn nutrition. Adequate breastfeeding support is essential for mothers to initiate and maintain optimal breastfeeding practices. A strategic needed to support successful breastfeeding. The purpose of research is to analyze the effectiveness comprehensive breastfeeding education on successful breastfeeding at postpartum periods. A quasi-experimental one group pretest, post test, repeated mesaured was used. This study was conducted at public health in Tangerang Selatan municipality in September–October 2013 among 22 postpartum mothers, convenience sampling methods. Intervention was done 30 minute. Data were collected before intervention (pretest), third day after intervention (post 1) and tenth day after intervention (repeated/post 2) using four parameter, that are knowledge, breastfeeding steps, proper lacth-on and adequate breastmilk. Using repeated measures analysis of variance there was a significant increase (p=0.001) in the overall Successful breastfeeding mean. Around 93,9% the effectiveness of intervention influence on successful. The mean before intervention is 56,74 (SD 5,92), increased at post 1:60,83 (SD 6,38) and post 2:74,55 (SD 5,32). Subvariable which has effect significantly after intervention is knowledge (p=0.001) and breastfeeding steps (p=0.001), in contrary, proper latch-on (p=0,061) and adequate breastmilk (p=0.162) have no significant effect after intervention. Suggestion to support breastfeeding education and counselling proper latch-on adequately that can decrease the problem such as painful, creaks or bloody putting.Key words: Breastfeeding, education, latch-on, postpartum

Effect of an early mobilisation programme on pain intensity after laparoscopic surgery: a randomised clinical trial

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2020-002618
Author(s):  
Azam Dehghani ◽  
Ali Hajibagheri ◽  
Ismail Azizi-Fini ◽  
Fatemeh Atoof ◽  
Noushin Mousavi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Early Mobilisation ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
The Mean

BackgroundPain is a common complication after laparoscopic surgery. This study aimed to examine the effect of an early mobilisation programme on postoperative pain intensity after laparoscopic surgery.MethodsA randomised controlled clinical trial was conducted on 80 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan, Iran. The patients were randomly allocated to intervention (n=40) and a control (n=40) group. In the intervention group, an early mobilisation programme was implemented in two rounds. The patient’s perceived pain was assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale 15 min before and 30 min after each round of early mobilisation. Data were analysed through the independent samples t, χ2 and Fisher’s exact tests and the repeated measures analysis.ResultsThe repeated measures analysis showed that the mean pain scores have been decreased over time (F=98.88, p<0.001). Considering the observed interaction between time and the intervention, the t test was used for pairwise comparisons and showed that the mean pain score was not significantly different between the two groups in 15 min before the first round of early mobilisation (p=0.95). However, the mean pain in the intervention group was significantly less than the control group in all subsequent measurements (p<0.05).ConclusionEarly mobilisation programmes such as the one implemented in the current study are easy and inexpensive and can be implemented safely for the reduction of pain after laparoscopic surgeries.

scholarly journals Polymorphism of the CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes in patients on the public health system of a municipality in Southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Colet ◽  
Mariana Rodrigues Botton ◽  
Karin Hepp Schwambach ◽  
Tânia Alves Amador ◽  
Isabela Heineck
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Range ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Weekly Dose ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background Genetic factors can be responsible for part of the populational and interindividual differences observed in warfarin users. Objectives To identify occurrence of polymorphisms of the CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes in patients taking warfarin and relate these profiles to their medication dosages and the Time in Therapeutic Range (TTR). Methods Monthly interviews were conducted for data collection. Data were collected on demographic characteristics and medications in use, especially warfarin, including reason for prescription and weekly dose. TTR was calculated as the percentage of days with international normalized ratio (INR) between 2 and 3. The CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes were analyzed at a Human Genetics Laboratory. Results 49 patients (74.2%) had polymorphisms of the CYP2C9 and/or VKORC1 genes; the remaining 17 (25.8%) did not have these polymorphisms. The average weekly dose of warfarin was lower among those who had a polymorphism for any of the genes compared to those who did not, with a significant difference (p = 0.035). The mean TTR was also lower among patients with polymorphism. However, the difference between the two groups was not significant for this variable (p = 0.438). Conclusions An association was observed between the polymorphisms and the warfarin doses taken by the patients. However, there was no association with adverse events or the time spent within the therapeutic range in this sample.

scholarly journals Comparison of Placido, Scheimpflug and Combined Dual Scheimpflug-Placido Technologies in Evaluating Anterior and Posterior CLMI, SimK's as well as Kmax, in Keratoconic and Postrefractive Surgery Ectasia

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F Mauger ◽  
Ashraf M Mahmoud ◽  
Cynthia J Roberts ◽  
Lena V Chheda ◽  
Rebecca A Kuennen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Ohio State University ◽  
State University ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Ohio State University ◽  
Map Data ◽  
Post Hoc

ABSTRACT Purpose To calculate and compare cone location and magnitude index (CLMI), Kmax and other corneal measures derived from three different technologies, Placido, Scheimpflug, and a combination dual Scheimpflug-Placido device, from the same group of eyes with keratoconus and postrefractive surgery corneal ectasia. Methods Keratoconus (n = 26) eyes of (n = 19) subjects and postrefractive surgery ectasia (n = 5) eyes of (n = 5) subjects were selected to have measurements performed using the Keratron Scout, Pentacam HR and Galilei Dual Scheimpflug Analyzer. Device-generated SimK's and device-specific CLMI and Kmax indices as well as map data, were exported from each device. Index values for multiple exams were averaged. The map data were processed using The Ohio State University Corneal Topography Tool (OSUCTT) to calculate CLMI parameters, Kmax and SimK values using consistent algorithms on all three devices. Maps were averaged before calculation for multiple examinations. Repeated measures analysis of variance and post- hoc analysis were used to identify differences between devices. Results The anterior axial CLMI calculated from the Keratron data was significantly higher than CLMI for the Galilei (p = 0.0443) or Pentacam (p < 0.0004) with keratoconus, 12.23 compared with 11.20 and 11.00 diopters, respectively. Kmax was also significantly higher in the Keratron than the Galilei (p = 0.0063) or the Pentacam (p < 0.0002). Galilei and Pentacam were not significantly different from each other in either CLMI (p = 0.6287) or Kmax (p = 0.2115). The anterior CLMI values for the postrefractive surgery ectasia eyes were not significantly different between devices. Posterior CLMI values were calculated from the Galilei and Pentacam data and were −2.60 and −2.46 diopters (p = 0.1173) for keratoconus and −2.66 and −3.04 diopters (p = 0.2242) for postrefractive surgery ectasia. Conclusion The small cone Placido measured dioptric values that were greater than the pure Scheimpflug system, but the difference was only about 1 diopter, which is not relevant clinically in evaluating and managing ectasia. The combined dual Scheimpflug-Placido system produced measured dioptric values between the other two technologies. The anterior CLMI calculations accurately predicted keratoconus with all three devices. The posterior CLMI in ectasia may be a potentially valuable calculation in demonstrating asymmetric steepening. How to cite this article Mauger TF, Mahmoud AM, Roberts CJ, Chheda LV, Kuennen RA, Hendershot AJ, Lembach RG. Comparison of Placido, Scheimpflug and Combined Dual Scheimpflug-Placido Technologies in Evaluating Anterior and Posterior CLMI, SimK's as well as Kmax, in Keratoconic and Postrefractive Surgery Ectasia. Int J Keratoco Ectatic Corneal Dis 2012;1(1):44-52. • C Roberts is a Consultant for Oculus Optikgerate GmbH and Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems AG, and has an interest in the GALILEI. • A Mahmoud has an interest in the GALILEI. • T Mauger, L Chheda, R Kuennen, A Hendershot, and R Lembach have no financial interests.

Comparison of a continuous indwelling glucometer with a point-of-care device in healthy adult horses

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. e21-e21
Author(s):  
Alexandra Cunneen ◽  
Kelly A Wood ◽  
Kylie Mathison ◽  
Aaron M Herndon ◽  
Francois R Bertin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Intravenous Catheter ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Interstitial Glucose ◽  
The Mean

BackgroundBlood glucose is tightly regulated in horses; however, since hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia are associated with poor prognosis, close monitoring is warranted. This study aimed at evaluating a continuous indwelling glucometer (CIG) by comparing performance with a point-of-care glucometer (POC).MethodsTen horses were equipped with CIG and an intravenous catheter. Interstitial glucose concentrations were determined by CIG every 5 min at rest, during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and dextrose-induced hyperglycaemia, and compared with blood glucose determined by POC. Glucose concentrations were compared by two-way repeated measures analysis of variance and weighted kappa with Bland-Altman plots to determine agreement between assays.ResultsHorses tolerated CIG well; however, five devices had to be replaced. There were no statistically significant differences between assays at rest or during hyperglycaemia; however, during hypoglycaemia, glucose concentrations determined by CIG were significantly higher (P=0.01). The mean bias (95% limits of agreement) between assays ranged from −0.03 (−2.46 to 2.52) mmol/l (hyperglycaemia) to 0.97 (−1.23 to 3.16) mmol/l (hypoglycaemia). Assay agreement was ‘good’ with observed agreements of 87.04% (κ=0.67).Conclusions of the studyCIG has acceptable accuracy in horses as compared with POC but overestimates glucose concentrations during hypoglycaemia and requires frequent replacement, limiting its clinical application.

scholarly journals Inner Strength of Female Characters in Loitering with Intent and The Public Image by Muriel Spark

Text Matters ◽  
2011 ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Monika Rogalińska
Keyword(s):  
Women Characters ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Public Image ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
The Public ◽  
Muriel Spark ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Inner Strength ◽  
Difficult Situations

Women characters in Muriel Spark's novels are diverse, some strong and powerful, some weak and unable to make decisions. And there are characters who develop throughout the novel and learn from their own mistakes. From being passive, they gradually start acting and making their own choices. Loitering with Intent and The Public Image present women characters who go through metamorphosis, from being dependent on others into living their own lives and freeing themselves from former influences. Such kaleidoscopic change enables them not only to be able to finally make their own decisions but also to overcome many difficult situations threatening their future life. Fleur Talbot, a heroine in Loitering with Intent, finds herself at a point in which she thinks that everything she cares for is lost. Chronically passive and naïve, she cannot imagine another way of being until she understands that she is being cheated, that her life will be ruined if she does not act. Everyone around her seems to be in conspiracy against her; only taking a firm stand and opposing her surrounding world can help. Fleur's life has become totally dependent on her ability to be strong and decisive. She knows that if she remains what she is, her career and prospects for the future will be lost, so she decides to prove her determination and her will to be finally happy. Her transformation into a powerful character saves her dignity and makes her a successful writer. Annabel, a character in The Public Image is the same type of person as Fleur, as she lacks self-confidence and has no support from anybody, even her own husband. Muriel Spark, however, presents her as another example of a heroine who develops as the action progresses, able to evoke strength in herself when her situation seems hopeless. Annabel, at first treated as a puppet in the hands of other people, who use her image for their own benefit, shows that she is capable of anything by the book's end. When her career and reputation are threatened and her privacy invaded, she decides to leave the country. This requires both effort and sacrifice, as she has to leave behind everything she has worked for all her life, but this is the necessary price for her freedom. The ability of both female characters to show so much determination reveals an inherent inner strength, and their weakness and vulnerability as just superficial. When the situation requires it, both Annabel and Fleur are ready to fight for their rights, for their freedom and self esteem, and they discover that they are indeed capable of changing their lives.

Changes in “Inflammatory” Mediators and Total Body Water during Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO). A Preliminary Study

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 627-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Underwood ◽  
J.A. Pearson ◽  
J. Waggoner ◽  
J. Lunec ◽  
R.K. Firmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Electrical Bioimpedance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Free Radical Activity

We studied six patients (5 paediatric, 1 neonate) treated with ECMO to quantify changes in inflammatory mediators (neutrophil elastase (NE), free radical activity (FR), interleukin 8 (IL8)) and total body water (TBW). Blood samples were taken before instigation of ECMO, 4, 12, 24 hours post-ECMO and daily for six days. FR activity was quantified using the oxidised IgG FI/UV ration. NE and IL8 levels were measured by ELISA. TBW was assessed by electrical bioimpedance. Statistical analysis was made using repeated measures analysis of variance and modified t-test where appropriate. Results are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean. FR activity increased 4 hours after instigation of ECMO (IgG FI/UV 32.1 ± 3.2 from 24.1 ± 3.0 p=0.005) and remained elevated. NE also increased by 4 hours (94.8 μg/L ± 8.9 to 678 μg/L ± 153.4, p=0.005) but returned to pre-ECMO values by day 6. IL8 levels rose after ECMO (from 98 pg/ml ± 39, to 24 pg/ml ± 117.4) although no statistical difference was noted over time due to the large variation between subjects (p=0.009). TBW (% pre-ECMO body weight) fell by 24 hours (from 118.6 ± 12.6 to 96.5 ± 8.2 p=0.0004). This study demonstrated that ECMO stimulates an ‘inflammatory’ response to extracorporeal perfusion (increased FR, NE) but despite this, results in a reduction in total body water. The complex relationship between the inflammatory response to prolonged extracorporeal perfusion and its effect on tissue oedema merits further investigation.

scholarly journals Oxytocin and Oxytocinase in the Obese and Nonobese Parturients during Induction and Augmentation of Labor

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. e177-e184
Author(s):  
Annemaria De Tina ◽  
Jeremy Juang ◽  
Thomas F. McElrath ◽  
Jack D. Baty ◽  
Arvind Palanisamy
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Uterine Contractions ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Elective Induction ◽  
The Mean

Objective To investigate differences in oxytocin (OXT) biodistribution between nonobese and obese parturients during labor. Study Design Patients with body mass index (BMI) of either ≥ 18 ≤ 24.9 kg/m2 (“nonobese”) or ≥ 30 kg/m2 (“obese”) undergoing elective induction of labor were included (N = 25 each). Blood samples were collected at baseline (T0), and 20 minutes after maximal OXT augmentation or adequate uterine contractions (T1) for OXT and oxytocinase assays. A mixed-model repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to test for group versus time interaction and analysis of covariance to detect a difference in OXT level at T1. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range), with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results The mean BMIs (kg/m2) were 22.1 ± 1.6 and 35.9 ± 5.1 in the nonobese and obese groups, respectively. No differences were observed in either the duration of OXT infusion, total dose of OXT, or plasma OXT (pg/mL) either at T0 or T1. However, plasma oxytocinase (ng/mL) was significantly lower at T0 (1.41 [0.67, 3.51] vs. 0.40 [0.29, 1.12]; p = 0.03) in the obese group. Conclusion We provide preliminary evidence that the disposition of OXT may not be different between obese and nonobese women during labor.

Initial-Fit Approach Versus Verified Prescription: Comparing Self-Perceived Hearing Aid Benefit

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 768-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey B. Abrams ◽  
Theresa H. Chisolm ◽  
Megan McManus ◽  
Rachel McArdle
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Hearing Aid Fitting ◽  
Fitting Method ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Perceived Benefit ◽  
Eta Squared ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hearing Aid Benefit

Background: Despite evidence suggesting inaccuracy in the default fittings provided by hearing aid manufacturers, the use of probe-microphone measures for the verification of fitting accuracy is routinely used by fewer than half of practicing audiologists. Purpose: The present study examined whether self-perception of hearing aid benefit, as measured through the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB; Cox and Alexander, 1995), differed as a function of hearing aid fitting method, specifically, manufacturer's initial-fit approach versus a verified prescription. The prescriptive fit began at NAL-NL1 targets, with adjustments based on participant request. Each of the two fittings included probe-microphone measurement. Research Design: A counterbalanced, cross-over, repeated-measures, single-blinded design was utilized to address the research objectives. Study Sample: Twenty-two experienced hearing aid users from the general Bay Pines VA Healthcare System audiology clinic population were randomized into one of two intervention groups. Intervention: At the first visit, half of the participants were fit with new hearing aids via the manufacturer's initial fit while the second half were fit to a verified prescription using probe-microphone measurement. After a wear period of 4–6 wk, the participants' hearing aids were refit via the alternate method and worn for an additional 4–6 wk. Participants were blinded to the method of fitting by utilizing probe-microphone measures with both approaches. Data Collection and Analysis: The APHAB was administered at baseline and at the end of each intervention trial. At the end of the second trial period, the participants were asked to identify which hearing aid fitting was “preferred.” The APHAB data were subjected to a general linear model repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: For the three APHAB communication subscales (i.e., Ease of Communication, Reverberation, and Background Noise) mean scores obtained with the verified prescription were higher than those obtained with the initial-fit approach, indicating greater benefit with the former. The main effect of hearing aid fitting method was statistically significant [F (1, 21) = 4.69, p = 0.042] and accounted for 18% of the variance in the data (partial eta squared = 0.183). Although the mean benefit score for the APHAB Aversiveness subscale was also better (i.e., lower) for the verified prescription than the initial-fit approach, the difference was not statistically significant. Of the 22 participants, 7 preferred their hearing aids programmed to initial-fit settings and 15 preferred their hearing aids programmed to the verified prescription. Conclusions: The data support the conclusion that hearing aids fit to experienced hearing aid wearers using a verified prescription are more likely to yield better self-perceived benefit as measured by the APHAB than if fit using the manufacturer's initial-fit approach.

Speech Fluency Fluctuations during the Menstrual Cycle

1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen-Marie Silverman ◽  
Catherine H. Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Total Frequency ◽  
Speech Fluency ◽  
Women's Speech ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Average Woman

This study sought to determine whether changes in disfluency characteristics accompany biological and emotional changes during the menstrual cycle. Four extemporaneous speech samples were collected from each of 12 women, one at ovulation (when the average woman experiences her greatest feelings of self-esteem and self-confidence) and one at premenstruation (when she experiences a significant increase in anxiety level) for two consecutive cycles. The mean total frequency of the women’s speech disfluencies produced at premenstruation was significantly greater than the mean total of their speech disfluencies produced at ovulation. The disfluency type that accounted for much of the difference in total frequency of disfluency between the two cycle points was revision-incomplete phrase. The tendency for these nonstutterers to produce more speech disfluencies at premenstruation than at ovulation is similar to a tendency we have observed in stutterers.

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