Alterations in post-movement beta event related synchronization throughout the migraine cycle: A controlled, longitudinal study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 718-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Syvertsen Mykland ◽  
Marte Helene Bjørk ◽  
Marit Stjern ◽  
Trond Sand
Keyword(s):  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cyclic Changes ◽  
Student’S T Test

Background The migraine brain is believed to have altered cortical excitability compared to controls and between migraine cycle phases. Our aim was to evaluate post-activation excitability through post-movement beta event related synchronization (PMBS) in sensorimotor cortices with and without sensory discrimination. Subjects and methods We recorded EEG of 41 migraine patients and 31 healthy controls on three different days with classification of days in relation to migraine phases. During each recording, subjects performed one motor and one sensorimotor task with the right wrist. Controls and migraine patients in the interictal phase were compared with repeated measures (R-) ANOVA and two sample Student’s t-test. Migraine phases were compared to the interictal phase with R-ANOVA and paired Student’s t-test. Results The difference between PMBS at the contralateral and ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex was altered throughout the migraine cycle. Compared to the interictal phase, we found decreased PMBS at the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex in the ictal phase and increased PMBS in the preictal phase. Lower ictal PMBS was found in bilateral sensorimotor cortices in patients with right side headache predominance. Conclusion The cyclic changes of PMBS in migraine patients may indicate that a dysfunction in deactivation and interhemispheric inhibition of the sensorimotor cortex is involved in the migraine attack cascade.

scholarly journals In vitro study of marginal, internal and proximal adaptation of implant-supported single-crown CAD/CAM restorations

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. e207286
Author(s):  
Kamila Aguiar Figueiredo Alves ◽  
Janaina Emanuela Damasceno ◽  
Viviane Maia Barreto de Oliveira ◽  
Luiz Gustavo Cavalcanti Bastos ◽  
Andrea Nóbrega Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
T Test ◽  
Digital Impression ◽  
Single Crown ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Student’S T Test

Aim: This study evaluated the precision of a CAD/CAM system by measuring marginal, internal and proximal fits in implantsupported single-crown restorations. Methods: Ten models of the upper arch were made in which implants replaced the upper left premolars. For fabrication of the zirconia infrastructures, titanium bases (TiBase) were coded and scanned using a scan body. A second digital impression was made for the fabrication of prostheses. Silicone impression material was used to determine the internal clearance between the TiBase and infrastructure and between the infrastructure and crown, whose thickness was measured at three points [P1 (cervical), P2 (middle) and P3 (occlusal)] with a stereoscopic microscope at 70x and 100x magnification. One-way ANOVA for repeated measures and the Student t-test were used for the analysis of internal and marginal adaptation. Proximal contacts were analyzed qualitatively. Results: There was no significant difference between the teeth evaluated (Student’s t-test; p>0.05) or between the corresponding points evaluated in either tooth (one-way ANOVA; p>0.05). Analysis of the internal clearance between the infrastructure and crown demonstrated that all points were significantly different compared to the reference standardized at 100 μm (Student’s t-test p<0.0001). There was no significant difference between P1 and P2, with the thickness at these two points being lower than that obtained at P3 (one-way ANOVA, p<0.05). The proximal contacts did not coincide with the quality defined by the device. Conclusion: The system tested was unable to produce implantsupported single-crown ceramic restorations with marginal, internal and proximal fits matching the digital workflow, with the inferior fits requiring adjustment prior to cementation.

Mineralized Plasmatic Matrix for Horizontal Ridge Augmentation in Anterior Maxilla with and without a Covering Collagen Membrane

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 743-751
Author(s):  
Ehab Abdelfadil ◽  
Wael Aboelmaaty
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
T Test ◽  
Collagen Membrane ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Ridge Augmentation ◽  
Parametric Data ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Student’S T Test

Background: Mineralized Plasmatic Matrix [MPM] is a unique form of platelet rich fibrin that contains mineralized bone graft particles within a fibrin network. Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate horizontal ridge augmentation using MPM with and without a coverage membrane. Materials and Methods: Sixteen edentulous spaces were randomly divided into 2 equal groups. MPM was used for horizontal ridge augmentation with and without a covering collagen membrane (group 1 and 2, respectively). Cone Beam CT images were obtained preoperatively as well as 1 week and 4 months postoperatively to evaluate alveolar ridge and the resorption of the grafting material at 3 predetermined points along with the site where the future dental implant will be placed. Student’s t-test (Unpaired) was used for comparing two different groups with quantitative parametric data and student’s t-test (Paired) was used for comparing two related groups with quantitative parametric data while repeated measures ANOVA (Analysis of variance) followed by post-hoc Bonferroni was used for comparing more than two related groups with quantitative parametric data. Student’s t-test (Unpaired) was used for comparing two different groups with quantitative parametric data and student’s t-test (Paired) was used for comparing two related groups with quantitative parametric data while repeated measures ANOVA (Analysis of variance) followed by post-hoc Bonferroni was used for comparing more than two related groups with quantitative parametric data. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the gained bone width in both groups. More but not statistically significant resorption was recorded in group 2. Conclusion: MPM can be successfully used for horizontal ridge augmentation without a barrier membrane.

scholarly journals Laser acupuncture protocol for essential systemic arterial hypertension: randomized clinical trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Dias de Mello Pereira ◽  
Neide Aparecida Titonelli Alvim ◽  
Claudia Dayube Pereira ◽  
Saint Clair dos Santos Gomes Junior
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
T Test ◽  
Laser Acupuncture ◽  
Systemic Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate the efficacy of a laser acupuncture protocol developed and applied by nurses in arterial hypertension patients. Method: randomized, multicenter, triple-blind and two-armed clinical trial. The sample consisted of 102 participants, 51 per arm, both sexes, aged between 30 and 75 years, undergoing drug therapy for a year or more, with difficulty to control blood pressure, maintaining regular measures >140x90 mmHg. Participants underwent six standard or simulated laser-acupuncture sessions, for 24 minutes, within a period of six weeks. Descriptive analyzes expressed as frequencies of occurrences, means and medians were used, and analysis of the association between variables was performed using Student’s t-test and Anova, using Statistica® software, version 12.0. The significance level was set at 5% (alpha=0.05). The comparison between blood pressure measurements was performed using Student’s t-test for paired samples and Anova for repeated measures. Results: a significant reduction in systolic (p<0.001) and diastolic (p<0.001) blood pressure was observed among participants in the intervention arm, which was not observed in the simulation arm. Conclusion: the results have demonstrated the efficacy of the protocol. Reduction and control of blood pressure have been demonstrated, indicating the possibility of using this technology for the care of patientes with essential systemic arterial hypertension. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials. UTN: U1111-1177-1811. Clinical Trials NCT02530853.

scholarly journals PSVII-38 Increased activity in horses following reapplication of shoes

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 313-314
Author(s):  
Rosemary Groux ◽  
Brian Whitlock ◽  
Peter D Krawczel ◽  
Amanda Lee ◽  
Jay A Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
T Test ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Quarter Horse ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Student’S T Test

Abstract Despite shoeing being a common practice, the impact of shoeing on horse behavior has not been widely studied. To examine the impact of reapplication of shoes to previously shod horses on horse activity, seven light horse geldings (3 to 21 year old Quarter Horse, Dutch Warmblood, or Thoroughbred) were fitted with three axis accelerometers (IceTag, Ice Robotics, Edinburgh, Scotland) on the left rear leg. Horses were maintained on pasture except for approximately 1 hour morning and evening for feeding. Boots were placed under the accelerometer, and boots and accelerometers were removed once daily for approximately one hour while the horses were stalled for am feeding to examine the horses’ leg and to allow exposure to air to dry. After seven days, horses were treated by either having shoes removed, feet trimmed, and new shoes fitted (reapplication; n = 3) or being handled by the farrier but not trimmed or fitted with new shoes (sham; n = 4). Horse activity was then monitored for 6 d. Steps per hour were tested for effects of treatment, time (before or after treatment), and interaction of treatment by time using procedures for repeated measures with JMP Software (version 7, SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Means separation was performed using Student’s t test if appropriate. There was a treatment by time interaction (P = 0.0109), such that after treatment, reapplication horses took more steps than sham horses (150 ± 20 vs 117 ± 18 steps per hour, respectively). However, both groups took fewer steps after treatment than before (124 ± 13 vs 157 ± 13 steps per hour, respectively; P &lt; 0.0001). These results indicate horses with reapplication of shoes move more than horses which did not experience reapplication of shoes, possibly indicated the horses with reapplication of shoes experienced more comfort in movement.

scholarly journals Bilateral asymmetry of pedaling force at different levels of exercise intensity in cycle ergometer

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 264-270
Author(s):  
Lachezar G. Stefanov ◽  
Ivan Ivanov ◽  
Daniela Aleksieva
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
T Test ◽  
Bilateral Asymmetry ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Student’S T Test

Background and Study Aim. To investigate how bilateral pedaling asymmetries change at exercises with different levels of intensity. Material and Methods. Eight students of cycling, average age 25.4 years, were investigated. In the experiment, we recorded the pedal force of the right and left legs during three consecutive exercises of different intensity 35%, 55% and 85% respectively.  To quantify the difference in physical parameters of pedaling between the left and right legs, we used two approaches that complement each other in the analysis of bilateral asymmetry. One approach involved determining an asymmetry index, and other was statistical analysis. Results. The Student's t-test indicated that the difference between the power samples for the left and right pedals decreased at 85% exercise intensity vs. 55% with a statistical significance of α = 0.05. The bilateral asymmetry in most cases decreased or in two cases remained unchanged. The cases where there was no statistically significant difference between the power samples for both legs at 85% and 55% intensity levels had the lowest asymmetry index. Conclusions. The bilateral pedaling asymmetry is reduced at 85% exercise intensity compared to the 55% one. The reduction in asymmetry index ranges from 1% to 14.1%, Combining the asymmetry index and the Student's t-test can increase the informativeness of pedaling power data when analyzing bilateral asymmetry.

Best practice in statistics: Use the Welch t-test when testing the difference between two groups

2021 ◽  
pp. 000456322199208
Author(s):  
Robert M West
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test ◽  
Do So

Clinical biochemists often wish to compare two groups of measurements. In order to do so, they must be familiar with Student's t-test. This article provides guidance for the use of the Welch t-test, with subtle but important differences and validity in a broader range of settings: advises the use of the Welch t-test rather than Student's t-test.

scholarly journals Manipulation of task constraints on throwing of amateur handball athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Gabriel A. Ribeiro ◽  
Pedro H. B. F. Spinola ◽  
Helga T. Tucci ◽  
Raquel P. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
T Test ◽  
Acceleration Phase ◽  
Task Constraints ◽  
Elbow Angle ◽  
Movement Strategy ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Right ◽  
Speed And Accuracy ◽  
Student’S T Test

BACKGROUND: In handball, speed and accuracy are essential characteristics for the performance of throwing. AIM: To verify the effects of manipulation of task constraints during the throws on kinematic variables in amateur handball players. METHOD: 18 amateur handball players (18-27 years) made 10 throws to the target with a focus on speed and 10 throws with a focus on accuracy. The kinematic analysis of the throwing was performed, and the Student's t-test was used. RESULTS: Greater velocity, and hand, acromion, and iliac spines trajectories for throws with a focus on speed in cocking phase was observed. During the acceleration phase, there was greater velocity, and trajectory of the right upper posterior iliac spine, and less time and hand, acromion, and left upper posterior iliac spines trajectories for throws with a focus on speed. The throw with a focus on speed showed greater shoulder and elbow angles at the beginning, and greater elbow angle at the end of throwing. CONCLUSION: The manipulation in the focus of the throw influenced the movement strategy from the cocking phase to the acceleration phase according to the movement intentionality, with most of the variables presenting greater values in the throw with a focus on speed.

scholarly journals Nurses' leadership styles in the icu: association with personal and professional profile and workload

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Pazetto Balsanelli ◽  
Isabel Cristina Kowal Olm Cunha ◽  
Iveth Yamaguchi Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
T Test ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Nursing Workload ◽  
Comparison Test ◽  
Multiple Comparison Test ◽  
Professional Profile ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

This study aims to explore the association between nurses' leadership styles and personal and professional nursing profile and workload. The sample consisted of seven nurses and seven nursing technicians who were grouped into pairs. At the end of three months, nurses were queried regarding what leadership style would be adopted when the nursing technician under their evaluation delivered care to patients admitted to the ICU. Relevant data was analyzed by applying descriptive statistics, Tukey's multiple comparison test and Student's t-test (p< 0.05). Nursing workload reached 80.1% on average. The personal and professional profile variables did not show any relation with the leadership styles chosen by nurses (p>0.05). The determine, persuade, and share leadership styles prevailed. However, whenever the nursing workload peaked, the determine and persuade styles were used (p<0.05).

scholarly journals Intravesical prostaglandin e2 effectiveness in the prevention of urinary retention after transvaginal reconstruction of the pubo-cervical fascia and short arm sling according to Lahodny: a prospective randomized clinical trial

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. QUADRI ◽  
N. NATALE ◽  
C. SPREAFICO ◽  
C. BELLONI ◽  
D. BARISANI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Urinary Retention ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Intravesical prostaglandin E2 is effective in the recovery of spontaneous voiding after transvaginal reconstruction of the pubocervical fascia and short arm sling according to Lahodny. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of intravesical prostaglandin E2 in the prevention of urinary retention after transvaginal reconstruction of the pubocervical fascia and short arm sling according to Lahodny. STUDY DESIGN: From November 1996 to June 1999 fifty women underwent the Lahodny procedure for moderate/severe cystocele and stress urinary incontinence. Women were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 study groups: intravesical prostaglandin E2 versus controls. Data obtained were analyzed with the Student t test and the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Two patients of the treatment group had to be excluded from the study, one because of the wrong measurement of the post-voidal residual volume and another due to a fastidious burning sensation which appeared immediately after prostaglandin instillation and required the suspension of the treatment. No other side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or hyperthermia were observed. Patients who underwent the prostaglandin E2 treatment showed a recovery of spontaneous voiding after 7.9&plusmn;6.7 days, whereas this interval was significantly longer in the control group, being 12.9&plusmn;9.7 days (p=0.04, Two tailed Unpaired Student's T test). CONCLUSION: The effectiveness and the low associated morbidity mark the treatment with intravesical prostaglandin E2 useful in the recovery of normal voiding after transvaginal pubocervical fascia reconstruction and short arm sling with the procedure according to Lahodny.

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