Do Large Shared Displays Facilitate Group Effort?

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney L. Smith ◽  
Benjamin C. Duggar
Keyword(s):  
Visual Angle ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Small Individual ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Large Display ◽  
Error Frequency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Difference

Twelve four-man groups searched and counted visually displayed items. In one session, they used a large display shared in common by the group members; in another session, separate smaller displays were viewed individually. Information was presented under conditions of equal visual angle, so that these two display modes were logically equivalent. Performance was 15 percent faster with the large group display than with the small individual displays. There was no significant difference in error frequency. Some subjects preferred the large display, some the small. In a supplementary study, running individual subjects rather than groups, there were no differences in speed or accuracy between the display modes. This suggests that the difference in group performance time resulted from some facilitating effect of the shared display on the process of group interaction.

Supporting Distributed Groups with Group Support Systems

2009 ◽  
pp. 926-940
Author(s):  
Youngjin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Decision Process ◽  
Group Process ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Group Support Systems ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Group Leader ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Decision Quality ◽  
Group Leaders ◽  
Significant Difference

The leadership role facilitates group process by structuring group interaction. How leadership affects group performance in GSS settings remains one of the least investigated areas of GSS research. In this study, the presence of a group leader is found to make a significant difference in objective decision quality and satisfaction with the decision process. At the same time, perceived decision quality and consensus are not significantly different in groups with a leader and those without one. A content analysis of comments by group leaders shows that group leaders are effective when making comments on clear group objectives and interaction structure in the early stages of group interaction. In the later stages, however, it becomes more important for group leaders to offer comments encouraging interaction and maintaining group cohesion.

Supporting Distributed Groups with Group Support Systems

2011 ◽  
pp. 223-237
Author(s):  
Youngjin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Decision Process ◽  
Group Process ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Group Support Systems ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Group Leader ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Decision Quality ◽  
Group Leaders ◽  
Significant Difference

The leadership role facilitates group process by structuring group interaction. How leadership affects group performance in GSS settings remains one of the least investigated areas of GSS research. In this study, the presence of a group leader is found to make a significant difference in objective decision quality and satisfaction with the decision process. At the same time, perceived decision quality and consensus are not significantly different in groups with a leader and those without one. A content analysis of comments by group leaders shows that group leaders are effective when making comments on clear group objectives and interaction structure in the early stages of group interaction. In the later stages, however, it becomes more important for group leaders to offer comments encouraging interaction and maintaining group cohesion.

scholarly journals Measurement of various intensities of physical activities and categorization of “Locomotive” and “Household” activities provide a subject-specific detailed assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuichiro Inaba ◽  
Satoshi Yamakawa ◽  
Takashi Kanamoto ◽  
Sho Ukimoto ◽  
Seira Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Step Count ◽  
Wearable Sensor ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Sensor Device ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Household Activities ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the physical activity (PA) measured by a wearable sensor device (WSD) and the step count measurement, and to investigate the association between PAs and lifestyle. Data of 301 participants were collected from March 2019 to March 2021. Step counts, sedentary behavior, performance time of light/moderate/vigorous PA, METs × hour of “Locomotive” and “Household” categorized activities, and energy expenditure (EE) were measured by the WSD, respectively. Furthermore, the participants were classified into student, standing worker, and sitting worker groups. Data were analyzed using the Steel–Dwass and Pearson correlation coefficient tests. The correlation between the performance time of each PA and step count was weak, except for moderate PA. “Household” EE and step count also had a weak correlation. In the comparison of lifestyle, there was a significant difference in the mean performance time of each type of PA between the groups. Additionally, the standing worker and sitting worker groups had a significant difference in METs × hour of "Household" activities, indicating that the difference between the occupations is reflected in “Household” activities. The WSD measurement can be used to evaluate detailed individual PA, whereas the step count measurement showed weakness in the PA estimation.

Supporting Distributed Groups with Group Support Systems

2011 ◽  
pp. 1559-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngjin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Decision Process ◽  
Group Process ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Group Support Systems ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Group Leader ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Decision Quality ◽  
Group Leaders ◽  
Significant Difference

The leadership role facilitates group process by structuring group interaction. How leadership affects group performance in GSS settings remains one of the least investigated areas of GSS research. In this study, the presence of a group leader is found to make a significant difference in objective decision quality and satisfaction with the decision process. At the same time, perceived decision quality and consensus are not significantly different in groups with a leader and those without one. A content analysis of comments by group leaders shows that group leaders are effective when making comments on clear group objectives and interaction structure in the early stages of group interaction. In the later stages, however, it becomes more important for group leaders to offer comments encouraging interaction and maintaining group cohesion.

scholarly journals Analisis Perbedaan Kinerja Saham Perusahaan Berdasarkan Model Sharpe, Treynor, Jensen dan Sortino Pada Kelompok Saham LQ 45 Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2010 – 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Pantun Bukit ◽  
Yunan Surono ◽  
Nani Astriana
Keyword(s):  
Group Performance ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Meaningful Difference ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Performance Score ◽  
Maximum Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maximum Range ◽  
The Difference

The research aims to prove the difference in stock performance of LQ 45 stock group companies in the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2010 – 2018 based on the models Sharpe, Treynor, Jensen and Sortino, and to get a group of stocks that have the most performance well based on the four models. In this research the samples used were the LQ 45 stock group in the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2010 – 2018 which always emerged as the LQ 45 index counter of as many as 21 issuers, which provided complete data from financial statements, not including banking stocks because it has different financial statements, does not do stock split and does not have a negative book equity. This form of research is an explolanatoris research. The results showed that based on the value of figures with Sharpe model in the range-15.92764 to the maximum range of 25.85580. For model number values with model Treynor in the range-0.22986 to the maximum range of 0.37314. The value of the Jensen model number in the range-0.08787 to the maximum range is 0.33096., while the number value with the Sortino model at the range-5.86684 to the maximum range of 9.52381. Based on the measurement of the performance of groups with the Sharpe model has a minimal performance score with Z-score-2.88024 which occurred in July of 2013., while the maximum performance score with Z-score 4.36889 happened in August of 2018.  The Treynor model has a minimal performance score with Z-score – 2.88024 that occurred in July of 2013., while the maximum performance score with Z-score 4.36889 occurred in August of 2018. On the Jensen model had a minimal performance score with Z-score-1.99550 which occurred in July of 2013., while the maximum performance score with Z-score 7.30738 occurred in August of 2018. On the Sortino model had a minimal performance score with Z-score-2.88024 which took place in July of 2013., while the maximum performance score with Z-score 4.36889 occurred in August of 2018. The results of the test with Kruskal Wallish test on the four models acquired χ2 = 4.267, with a probability of 0.118. Then it can be known that the probability of testing > 0.05 and χ2 count < χ2 table 5.32. These results showed that there was no significant difference between testing with models of Sharpe, Treynor, Jensen and Sortino. Thus the nil hypothesis (H0) In this study was received. Another test by comparing the calculation of the stock group performance calculations as a continuation of the Kruskal Wallish test was obtained there is no meaningful difference between each treatment by looking at the difference to the four mean rank , which demonstrates consistency in the interdistinction between the four measurements.

Do High Working Memory Groups Perform Better?

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Mojzisch ◽  
Stefan Krumm ◽  
Thomas Schultze
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Group Judgment ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Impact

A growing body of research shows that individual differences in working memory capacity play a pivotal role for a large number of higher order cognitive tasks. Surprisingly, however, the impact of individual differences in working memory capacity on group performance has received little attention. In this conceptual article, we focus on three typical group tasks (group idea generation, group decision making, group judgment) and, for each task, provide an analysis of how individual differences in working memory capacity might affect group performance. Our key idea is that group interaction is a cognitively demanding task as group members have to continuously monitor the ongoing conversation, hold their ideas in memory, integrate the information put forth by others, and update their mental representations accordingly. Therefore, individual differences in working memory capacity are presumed to have a profound impact on how people process information during group interaction.

Cultural Mosaic Beliefs and Group Performance as Influenced by Attachment

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Papke
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Group Brainstorming ◽  
Group Experience

The purpose of this study is to test how group differences in attachment style interact with the degree of cultural mosaic beliefs present in multicultural groups to dramatically alteridentification, trust and cooperation among group members (Brodt, Adair & Lituchy, 2008). Firstly I hypothesize that priming attachment style among group’s members will lead to changes in their group experience, particularly their cultural mosaic beliefs. The three different attachment styles will have different effects on their cultural mosaic beliefs, measured using an existing scale (Chuapetcharasopon, Brodt, Adair, Lituchy, Neville, & Lowe, 2011). Secondly I hypothesize that priming attachment style among group members will lead to differences in the number of overall ideas and the number of culture-related ideas generated in a group brainstorming task. Attachment styles can change group interaction, causing these differences in group performance. Thirdly I hypothesize that the effect of attachment style on the number of overall ideas and number of culture-related ideas will be moderated by mosaic beliefs. If attachment style does have an effect on performance, it will depend on the interaction of attachment style and the process of establishing mosaic beliefs within a group. The data is currently being collected. The outcomes of this study are valuable for research as they will help our understanding of the cultural mosaic construct as it relates to multicultural groups in the Canadian workplace. It will also help our understanding of multicultural workgroups and the role attachment style plays in a group setting. 

Cranial crassicaudiasis in two coastal dolphin species from South Africa is predominantly a disease of immature individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
MF Van Bressem ◽  
P Duignan ◽  
JA Raga ◽  
K Van Waerebeek ◽  
N Fraijia-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cape Coast ◽  
Osteolytic Lesions ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Crassicauda spp. (Nematoda) infest the cranial sinuses of several odontocetes, causing diagnostic trabecular osteolytic lesions. We examined skulls of 77 Indian Ocean humpback dolphins Sousa plumbea and 69 Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins Tursiops aduncus, caught in bather-protecting nets off KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) from 1970-2017, and skulls of 6 S. plumbea stranded along the southern Cape coast in South Africa from 1963-2002. Prevalence of cranial crassicaudiasis was evaluated according to sex and cranial maturity. Overall, prevalence in S. plumbea and T. aduncus taken off KZN was 13 and 31.9%, respectively. Parasitosis variably affected 1 or more cranial bones (frontal, pterygoid, maxillary and sphenoid). No significant difference was found by gender for either species, allowing sexes to be pooled. However, there was a significant difference in lesion prevalence by age, with immature T. aduncus 4.6 times more likely affected than adults, while for S. plumbea, the difference was 6.5-fold. As severe osteolytic lesions are unlikely to heal without trace, we propose that infection is more likely to have a fatal outcome for immature dolphins, possibly because of incomplete bone development, lower immune competence in clearing parasites or an over-exuberant inflammatory response in concert with parasitic enzymatic erosion. Cranial osteolysis was not observed in mature males (18 S. plumbea, 21 T. aduncus), suggesting potential cohort-linked immune-mediated resistance to infestation. Crassicauda spp. may play a role in the natural mortality of S. plumbea and T. aduncus, but the pathogenesis and population level impact remain unknown.

Perbedaan Penggunaan Antikoagulan K2EDTA DAN K3EDTA Terhadap Hasil Pemeriksaan Indeks Eritrosit

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Wahdaniah Wahdaniah ◽  
Sri Tumpuk
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ethylene Diamine ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Index Value

Abstract: Routine blood examination is the earliest blood test or screening test to determine the diagnosis of an abnormality. Blood easily froze if it is outside the body and can be prevented by the addition of anticoagulants, one of which Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Currently available vacuum tubes containing EDTA anticoagulants in the form of K2EDTA and K3EDTA. K3EDTA is usually a salt that has better stability than other EDTA salts because it shows a pH approaching a blood pH of about 6.4. The purpose of this research is to know the difference of erythrocyte index results include MCH, MCV and MCHC using K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA. This research is a cross sectional design. This study used venous blood samples mixed with K2EDTA anticoagulant and venous blood mixed with K3EDTA anticoagulants, each of 30 samples. Data were collected and analyzed using paired different test. Based on data analysis that has been done on MCH examination, p value <0,05 then there is a significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value. Then on the examination of MCV and MCHC obtained p value <0.05 then there is no significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value.Abstrak: Pemeriksaan darah rutin merupakan pemeriksaan darah yang paling awal atau screening test untuk mengetahui diagnosis suatu kelainan. Darah mudah membeku jika berada diluar tubuh dan bisa dicegah dengan penambahan antikoagulan, salah satunya Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Dewasa ini telah tersedia tabung vakum yang sudah berisi antikoagulan EDTA dalam bentuk  K2EDTA dan  K3EDTA. K3EDTA  biasanya berupa garam yang mempunyai stabilitas yang lebih baik dari garam EDTA yang lain karena menunjukkan pH yang mendekati pH darah yaitu sekitar 6,4. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil indeks eritrosit meliputi MCH, MCV dan MCHC menggunakan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K2EDTA dan darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA, masing-masing sebanyak 30 sampel. Data dikumpulkan dan dianalisis menggunakan uji beda berpasangan. Berdasarkan analisis data yang telah dilakukan pada pemeriksaan MCH didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit. Kemudian pada pemeriksaan MCV dan MCHC didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit.

Pengaruh Jumlah Pencucian Beras dengan Kadar Klorin

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Indah Purwaningsih ◽  
Supriyanto Supriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Iodometric Titration ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Abstract: Chlorine is a green halogen-shaped halogen gas at normal temperature and serves as bleach, stain remover and disinfectant. Chlorine is now widely used for bleaching rice so that less quality rice looks like quality rice. Chlorine is very toxic and causes mucous membrane irritation, highly reactive and very powerful oxidizer. The purpose of this research was to determine the difference of chlorine level in chlorinated rice washed once, twice and 3 times. The sample in this study amounted to 11 samples calculated by replication formula. Each sample was treated 3 times, ie 1 washed once, 2 washed twice and washed 3 times. The samples then examined by iodometric titration method. Based on the results of the study using ANOVA test, 11 samples obtained the average value of chlorine after washed once amount of 0.0176%, after washed twice amount of 0.0111%, and after washed 3 times amount of 0.0052% with the value significance p = 0.03 (p <0.05) at 95% confidence level which means there was a significant difference between chlorine levels in chlorinated rice washed once, twice and 3 times.Abstrak: Klorin merupakan unsur halogen berbentuk gas berwarna kuning kehijauan pada suhu normal danberfungsi sebagai pemutih, penghilang noda maupun desinfektan. Klorin sekarang banyak digunakan untuk bahan pemutih beras agar beras yang kurang berkualitas tampak seperti beras berkualitas. Klorin sangat toksik dan menyebabkan iritasi membran mukosa, sangat reaktif dan merupakan oksidator yang sangat kuat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar klorin pada beras berklorin yang dicuci sebanyak 1 kali, 2 kali dan 3 kali. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 11 sampel yang dihitung dengan rumus replikasi. Setiap sampel diberi perlakuan sebanyak 3 kali, yaitu 1 kali pencucian, 2 kali pencucian dan 3 kali pencucian. Sampel penelitian kemudian diperiksa dengan metode titrasi iodometri. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menggunakan uji Anova secara komputerisasi terhadap 11 sampel diperoleh nilai rata-rata kadar klorin setelah 1 kali pencucian sebesar 0,0176 %, setelah 2 kali pencucian sebesar 0,0111 %, dan setelah 3 kali pencucian sebesar 0,0052 % dengan nilai signifkansi p = 0,03 (p<0,05) pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% yang artinya ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara kadar klorin pada beras berklorin yang dicuci sebanyak 1 kali, 2 kali dan 3 kali.

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