An Internet-Based Intervention for Individuals With Social Anxiety and Different Levels of Taijin Kyofusho in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 387-402
Author(s):  
Ling-Yu Lin ◽  
Kan Wang ◽  
Tomoko Kishimoto ◽  
Marcus Rodriguez ◽  
Mingyi Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Social Interaction Anxiety Scale ◽  
Taijin Kyofusho ◽  
Interaction Anxiety ◽  
Different Levels

The aim of the present study is to investigate the efficacy of internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) for individuals with social anxiety (SA) and different levels of Taijin Kyofusho (TKS) in China. The ICBT program was translated into Chinese with some specific contents adapted for Chinese culture. Participants ( N = 80) with SA were assigned either to a treatment ( n = 55) or control group ( n = 25). Both groups were further divided into subgroups, based on their Taijin Kyofusho Scale (TKSS) scores. Participants in the ICBT treatment group reported significant posttreatment reductions in Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and Social Phobia Scale scores, relative to participants in the control group. In addition, participants in the treatment group with higher pretreatment TKS levels showed significantly greater reductions in TKSS scores. Results suggest that ICBT is a promising approach for the treatment of individuals with SA both with and without features of TKS. Clinical and cross-cultural implications, mechanisms of change, limitations, and future directions are discussed.

Intrusive social images in individuals with high and low social anxiety: a multi-method analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 594-610
Author(s):  
Andrea R. Ashbaugh ◽  
Keera N. Fishman ◽  
Stephanie A. Houle-Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Social Image ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Social Interaction Anxiety Scale ◽  
Social Images ◽  
High Social Anxiety ◽  
Interaction Anxiety ◽  
Emotion Memory

AbstractBackground:Models of social anxiety suggest that intrusive images/memories are common in social anxiety and contribute to the maintenance of social anxiety.Aims:We examined the context and phenomenological features of intrusive social images using quantitative and qualitative measures across various levels of social anxiety.Method:Undergraduate students (n = 191) completed measures of social anxiety (i.e. Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and Social Phobia Scale) and wrote a description of an intrusive social image. Individuals who reported an intrusive social image (n = 77) rated the frequency, interference and phenomenological (e.g. vividness, emotional intensity) characteristics of the image. A content analysis of the intrusive image narratives was completed by independent raters.Results:High social anxiety (HSA) increased the likelihood and frequency of experiencing intrusive images, and to some extent the interference caused by these images. However, the characteristics of these images with regard to their content and quality were similar across levels of social anxiety. Among participants who provided narratives, HSA individuals (n = 34) did not differ from low socially anxious (LSA) individuals (n = 28) in themes that reflect concerns about their own thoughts, actions and behaviours. However, HSA individuals reported greater concerns about how other individuals would react, and their intrusive images were often from an observer perspective when compared with LSA individuals.Conclusions:These results are interpreted in relation to cognitive models of emotion, memory and cognitive behavioural models of social anxiety.

Industry-Specific Knowledge Transfer in Audit Firms: Evidence from Audit Firm Mergers in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianjie He ◽  
S.P. Kothari ◽  
Tusheng Xiao ◽  
Luo Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Audit Firm ◽  
Audit Firms ◽  
Financial Misstatements ◽  
Different Levels

Using a difference-in-differences approach, we examine the effect of industry-specific knowledge transfer on audit performance after a merger of two Chinese audit firms with different levels of expertise in an industry. For clients in an industry audited by both merging audit firms, those audited by the audit firm less specialized in that industry belong to the treatment group, while all other clients belong to the control group. We find an economically-significant improvement in audit quality (as reflected in a reduction in financial misstatements) for the treatment group relative to the control group in the same merged audit firm. We show that the treatment effect is not driven by changes in auditor incentives or personnel movement and is more pronounced when we expect stronger communication between the less and more specialized auditors after the merger. We caution that our findings are specific to China and may not generalize to other countries.

Relationship of social anxiety severity with drinking motives among male alcohol dependent inpatients

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 35-35
Author(s):  
C. Evren ◽  
R. Aksoy ◽  
S. Celik ◽  
T. Cetin ◽  
D. Tamar-Gürol
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Drinking Motives ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Social Interaction Anxiety Scale ◽  
Interaction Anxiety ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

ObjectiveAim of this study was to investigate the relationship of social anxiety (SA) severity with drinking motives in male alcohol dependent inpatients.MethodParticipants were 155 consecutively admitted male alcohol dependents. Patients were investigated with the Drinking Motives Questionnaire—Revised (DMQ-R), the Social Phobia Scale (SPS), and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS).ResultsMean scores of DMQ-R subscales were positively correlated with social anxiety scales in different degrees. Conformity motives predicted both SPS (together with social motives) and SIAS.ConclusionsSPS which evaluates social phobia-circumscribed type was predicted by conformity and social motives, whereas SIAS which evaluates social phobia-generalised type was predicted by only conformity motives. This suggests that different types of motivation may be related with different types of social phobia.

Social Anxiety and Training in Neurolinguistic Programming

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 1115-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Konefal ◽  
Robert C. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Neurolinguistic Programming ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Item Scores ◽  
And Training

The Liebowitz Social Phobia Scale measured the effect of training on social anxiety responses of 28 adults prior to and following a 21-day residential training, and at 6 mo. follow-up. Significant reductions posttraining and at follow-up were evident in the mean self-reported global scale scores on fear and avoidance behavior in social situations. The item scores, aggregated to reflect the situational domains of formal and informal speaking, being observed by others, and assertion, showed significant and continuing reduction from posttraining through follow-up. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that this training may be associated with reduced responses to social anxiety, but as there was no formal control group, pretest scores from another study were used. Interpretation is limited.

scholarly journals Validity of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) Measurement Tool

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Beatrice Kalalo ◽  
Celine Amanda Marlietama ◽  
Graceveline Cristabel
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Social Interaction Anxiety ◽  
Social Interaction Anxiety Scale ◽  
Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale ◽  
Interaction Anxiety

Social phobia adalah ketakutan seseorang ketika beraktivitas di depan orang lain, seperti makan, minum, gemetar, memerah, berbicara, menulis atau muntah. Aktivitas ini merujuk kepada kecemasan dalam diri seseorang. Terdapat dua aspek yang dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi kecemasan yaitu performance dan social. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji validasi alat ukur Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan kriteria subjek mahasiswa aktif strata 1 usia 17-25 tahun. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 177 mahasiswa dari berbagai perguruan tinggi di Indonesia. Data diperoleh melalui google form yang disebarkan secara online dan data diolah menggunakan aplikasi SPSS. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah accidental sampling sehingga subjek yang dibutuhkan adalah subjek yang memenuhi kriteria di atas. Validasi alat ukur pada penelitian ini menggunakan sumber bukti berdasarkan struktur internal dan korelasi dengan alat ukur lain (Beck Depression Inventory dan Social Interaction Anxiety Scale). Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa alat ukur LSAS valid dan dapat digunakan untuk mengukur kecemasan sosial.

Effect of Argatroban Injection on Clinical Efficacy in Patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction: Preliminary Findings

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Pan Huang ◽  
Xiao-ying He ◽  
Min Xu
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Acute Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aim is to observe the effects of argatroban injection and butylphthalide injection on blood flow rheology, clinical efficacy, and safety in patients with acute cerebral infarction. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> 344 patients with acute cerebral infarction within 48 h after admission were divided into treatment group and control group, with 172 cases in each group. The control group received routine treatment. The treatment group received argatroban injection 60 mg on the basis of the control group, intravenously guttae (ivgtt) was used for 2 days and then changed to argatroban injection 10 mg, ivgtt bid for 5 days, and the total course of treatment was 7 days. The neurological changes, activities of daily living, and the rheology indicators (fibrinogen [Fib], platelet aggregation rate [Pag], whole blood high shear viscosity [Whsv], hematocrit [Hct]) were compared between the 2 groups, clinical efficacy and adverse drug reactions. <b><i>Results:</i></b> After treatment, the total effective rates of the treatment group and the control group were 90.70% (156 /172 cases) and 74.41% (128 and 172 cases), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). After treatment, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores of the treatment group and the control group were (7.05 ± 1.97) and (8.30 ± 1.79), respectively, and the Barthel index was (68.02 ± 11.07) and (62.32 ± 11.46), respectively. The difference was statistically significant (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). After treatment, the treatment group and the control group were (2.66 ± 0.22) g/L and (3.50 ± 0.22) g/L, respectively, and Pag were (0.68 ± 0.06)% and (0.81 ± 0.09)%, respectively, and Whsv was (6.44 ± 0.76) mPs/s and (6.87 ± 0.91) mPs/s, Hct were (8.19 ± 1.21)% and (10.44 ± 1.04)%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment group and the control group was 6.97 and 5.81%, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (<i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.05). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Argatroban injection is effective in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction, which can significantly improve the hemorheology of patients with good safety.

Effect of dietary supplementation of different levels of saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance and hematology in broiler

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanwal Rafique ◽  
Abdur Rahman ◽  
Mubarik Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Farm Economics ◽  
Group D ◽  
Different Levels

Present study was planned to highlight the effects of inclusion of different levels of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae (SC) in broiler feed, on growth performance, hematology and farm economics. One hundred and fifty, one day old broiler chicks (Hubbard) were divided into five groups; each group was subdivided into three replicates of 10 birds each. Starter (CP 20% and ME 2860 Kcal/Kg) and finisher (CP 18.75% and ME 3000 Kcal/Kg) diets were fortified with levels of SC at 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g/Kg to prepare diets A, B, C, D and E respectively. Each dietary treatment was allotted to three replicates. Weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio improved significantly (p less than 0.05) as a result of feeding diet D containing 1.5 g/Kg SC in comparison to all other treatments. Dietary inclusion of SC significantly (P less tham 0.05) reduced the levels of blood glucose and cholesterol in the birds of all treated groups when compared to those of control group. Maximum reduction in glucose and cholesterol levels was observed in the birds of treatment group D using SC @ 1.5g/Kg diet as compared to those of other treatment groups. Values regarding hemoglobin, PCV and DLC of the birds remained unaffected by dietary inclusion of SC in all treatment groups. However, numerical values of Hb and PCV in the birds consuming diet supplemented with 1.5g/Kg SC were apparently higher than those of control group. The treatment group D using SC @ 1.5g/Kg proved to be cost effective and fetched more profit per kg live weight which positively affected the farm economics.

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