Osteoporotic Changes in the Periodontium Impair Alveolar Bone Healing

Osteoporosis is associated with decreased bone density and increased bone fragility, but how this disease affects alveolar bone healing is not clear. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which osteoporosis affects the jaw skeleton and then to evaluate possible mechanisms whereby an osteoporotic phenotype might affect the rate of alveolar bone healing following tooth extraction. Using an ovariectomized mouse model coupled with micro–computed tomographic imaging, histologic, molecular, and cellular assays, we first demonstrated that the appendicular and jaw skeletons both develop osteoporotic phenotypes. Next, we demonstrated that osteoporotic mice exhibit atrophy of the periodontal ligament (PDL) and that this atrophy was accompanied by a reduction in the pool of osteoprogenitor cells in the PDL. The paucity of PDL-derived osteoprogenitor cells in osteoporotic mice was associated with significantly slower extraction socket healing. Collectively, these analyses demonstrate that the jaw skeleton is susceptible to the untoward effects of osteoporosis that manifest as thinner, more porous alveolar bone, PDL thinning, and slower bone repair. These findings have potential clinical significance for older osteopenic patients undergoing reconstructive procedures.

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Effects of Coffee Intake and Intraperitoneal Caffeine on Bone Repair Process - A Histologic and Histometric Study

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201300219 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 175-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Rander Moreira Macedo ◽

Luiz Guilherme Brentegani ◽

Suzie Aparecida de Lacerda

Keyword(s):

Tooth Extraction ◽

Bone Repair ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Intraperitoneal Administration ◽

Repair Process ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Calcium Excretion ◽

Reconstructive Procedures

Studies have suggested that caffeine acts on bone promoting an increase of calcium excretion, inhibition of osteoblast proliferation and delay in tissue repair process, raising the risk of fractures, osteoporosis, periodontal disease and affecting the success of bone reconstructive procedures. The aim of this study was to analyze histomorphometrically the process of alveolar bone healing after tooth extraction in rats subjected to daily intake of boiled coffee or intraperitoneal administration of caffeine. Forty-five male rats were divided according to the treatment in Control group (C); Coffee group (CO) - treated with coffee since birth; and Caffeine (CAF) - intraperitoneal injection of aqueous solution of caffeine 1.5% (0.2 mL/100g body weight) for 30 days. When weighing between 250-300 g they were anesthetized, subjected to extraction of the maxillary right incisor, and euthanized 7, 21 and 42 days after surgery for histological assessments of bone volume and the quality of formed bone in the dental socket. The qualitative results demonstrated larger amounts of blood clot and immature bone in animals under treatment of pure caffeine compared to coffee and control. Histometric analysis revealed that coffee treatment led to a 40% drop in bone formation, and caffeine a 60% drop in comparison to control animals (ANOVA p≤0.01). It was concluded that both the daily ingestion of coffee and the intraperitoneal administration of caffeine in rats delayed the alveolar bone reparative process after tooth extraction, and this effect was more aggressive when pure caffeine was used.

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Accelerating Socket Repair via WNT3A Curtails Alveolar Ridge Resorption

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/00220345211019922 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002203452110199

Author(s):

M. Arioka ◽

I.M. Dawid ◽

P.L. Cuevas ◽

B.R. Coyac ◽

B. Leahy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tooth Extraction ◽

Causal Link ◽

Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽

Alveolar Ridge ◽

Extraction Socket ◽

Reconstructive Procedures ◽

Osteoprogenitor Cells ◽

Dimensional Changes ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Proliferation And Differentiation

Tooth extraction triggers alveolar ridge resorption, and when this resorption is extensive, it can complicate subsequent reconstructive procedures that use dental implants. Clinical data demonstrate that the most significant dimensional changes in the ridge occur soon after tooth extraction. Here, we sought to understand whether a correlation existed between the rate at which an extraction socket heals and the extent of alveolar ridge resorption. Maxillary molars were extracted from young and osteoporotic rodents, and quantitative micro–computed tomographic imaging, histology, and immunohistochemistry were used to simultaneously follow socket repair and alveolar ridge resorption. Extraction sockets rapidly filled with new bone via the proliferation and differentiation of Wnt-responsive osteoprogenitor cells and their progeny. At the same time that new bone was being deposited in the socket, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase–expressing osteoclasts were resorbing the ridge. Significantly faster socket repair in young animals was associated with significantly more Wnt-responsive osteoprogenitor cells and their progeny as compared with osteoporotic animals. Delivery of WNT3A to the extraction sockets of osteoporotic animals restored the number of Wnt-responsive cells and their progeny back to levels seen in young healthy animals and accelerated socket repair in osteoporotic animals back to rates seen in the young. In cases where the extraction socket was treated with WNT3A, alveolar ridge resorption was significantly reduced. These data demonstrate a causal link between enhancing socket repair via WNT3A and preserving alveolar ridge dimensions following tooth extraction.

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The pore size of chitosan-Aloe vera scaffold and its effect on VEGF expressions and woven alveolar bone healing of tooth extraction of Cavia cobaya

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) ◽

10.20473/j.djmkg.v53.i3.p115-121 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 115

Author(s):

S. Sularsih

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Pore Size ◽

Bone Healing ◽

Tooth Extraction ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Aloe Vera ◽

Control Groups ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Pore size of scaffolds affects cellular activity, stimulates angiogenetic factors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), synthesises new blood vessels to regulate migration and proliferation, and accelerates alveolar bone healing of tooth extraction. Purpose: This study aims to analyse the pore size of chitosan-Aloe vera scaffold and its effects on VEGF expression and woven alveolar bone healing of tooth extraction of Cavia cobaya. Methods: 36 male Cavia cobaya, aged 3-3.5 months were divided into six groups: negative control groups (without scaffold), positive control groups (chitosan scaffold), and treatment groups (chitosan-Aloe vera scaffold) on 7- and 14-day observations. Histopathological examination was performed to account the woven alveolar bone areas, and immunohistochemical examination was conducted to examine VEGF expressions on endothelial cells. Data was analysed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference (LSD) test (p<0.05). Scaffold pore size examination was performed with scanning electron microscope (SEM) with 250x and 500x magnification. Results: Chitosan-Aloe vera scaffold was found to have open pore interconnectivity, the largest pore size was 138.9 μm, while the smallest was 110.5 μm and average pore size was 134.85 μm. The highest expression of VEGF was observed in the treatment group on days 7 (11.5 ±1.39) and 14 (15.28±1.78), while the largest woven alveolar bone was observed in the treatment group on days 7(17.83±1.47) and 14 (37.67±3.65). Statistically, there was a significant difference between control groups and the treatment groups (p=0.000; p<0.05). Conclusion: Chitosan-Aloe vera scaffold has pore characteristics increasing VEGF expressions and woven alveolar bone areas.

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EFFECT OF AUTOGENOUS DENTIN GRAFT COMBINED WITH PLATELET RICH PLASMA ON ALVEOLAR BONE HEALING AFTER TOOTH EXTRACTION IN RABBIT

Alexandria Dental Journal ◽

10.21608/adjalexu.2018.57588 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 6-10

Author(s):

Ahmed Saleh ◽

Samia Abd el Rehim ◽

Khadiga Kawana ◽

Saeeda Osman

Keyword(s):

Bone Healing ◽

Tooth Extraction ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma

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Systemic Lithium Chloride Administration Improves Tooth Extraction Wound Healing in Estrogen-Deficient Rats

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440202003595 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 640-649

Author(s):

Poliana M. Duarte ◽

Tamires S. Miranda ◽

Letícia M. Marins ◽

Erick G. Perez ◽

Liliana G. Copes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Lithium Chloride ◽

Bone Healing ◽

Immunohistochemical Staining ◽

Tooth Extraction ◽

Bone Markers ◽

The Other ◽

Rankl Expression ◽

Socket Healing

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of lithium chloride (LiCl) on the socket healing of estrogen-deficient rats. Seventy-two rats were allocated into one of the following groups: Control, Ovariectomy and LiCl (150 mg/kg/2 every other day orally) + Ovariectomy. Animals received LiCl or water from the 14th day post-ovariectomy, until the completion of the experiment. On the 21st day after ovariectomy, the first molars were extracted. Rats were euthanized on the 10th, 20th and 30th days following extractions. Bone healing (BH), TRAP positive cells and immunohistochemical staining for OPG, RANKL, BSP, OPN and OCN were evaluated. The Ovariectomy group presented decreased BH compared to the LiCl group at 10 days, and the lowest BH at 20 days (p<0.05). At 30 days, the Ovariectomy and LiCl-groups presented lower BH than that of the Control (p<0.05). The number of TRAP-stained cells was the lowest in the LiCl group at 20 days and the highest in the Ovariectomy group at 30 days (p<0.05). At 10 days of healing, the LiCl group demonstrated stronger staining for all bone markers when compared to the other groups, while the Ovariectomy group presented higher RANKL expression than that of the Control (p<0.05). LiCl enhanced bone healing in rats with estrogen deficiency, particularly in the initial healing phases. However, as data on the effects of lithium chloride on bone tissue are still preliminary, more studies related to its toxicity and protocol of administration are necessary before its application in clinical practice.

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Inadequate Prosthetic Rehabilitation Caused by Fibrous and Bone Hyperplasia of Maxilla – Case Report

Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije ◽

10.1515/sdj-2015-0005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 34-39

Author(s):

Bojan Gačić ◽

Ljiljana Stojčev-Stajčić ◽

Ana Djinić ◽

Milena Kalanović ◽

Branislav Ilić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Bone Healing ◽

Tooth Extraction ◽

Oral Surgery ◽

Blood Clot ◽

Clinical Settings ◽

Prosthetic Rehabilitation ◽

Normal Bone ◽

Systemic Factors ◽

Socket Healing

Summary Normal bone healing after tooth extraction includes the following steps: blood clot forming, granulation, bone forming and final bone reorganization. In clinical settings connective tissue infiltration of extraction socket can result in fibrous scar formation rather than bone healing. Local and systemic factors seem to be major contributors to the occurrence of erratic socket healing. The aim of this case report was to describe oral-surgery treatment of a patient with inadequate bone and soft supportive tissue for prosthetic rehabilitation. Surgical procedure and recovery are presented, including final complete denture rehabilitation.

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Maresin 1 Promotes Wound Healing and Socket Bone Regeneration for Alveolar Ridge Preservation

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/0022034520917903 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (8) ◽

pp. 930-937 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C.W. Wang ◽

S.H. Yu ◽

T. Fretwurst ◽

L. Larsson ◽

J.V. Sugai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Postoperative Pain ◽

Tooth Extraction ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Lipid Mediator ◽

Preclinical Model ◽

Alveolar Ridge ◽

Extraction Socket ◽

Socket Healing ◽

Maresin 1

Tooth extraction results in alveolar bone resorption and is accompanied by postoperative swelling and pain. Maresin 1 (MaR1) is a proresolving lipid mediator produced by macrophages during the resolution phase of inflammation, bridging healing and tissue regeneration. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of MaR1 on tooth extraction socket wound healing in a preclinical rat model. The maxillary right first molars of Sprague-Dawley rats were extracted, and gelatin scaffolds were placed into the sockets with or without MaR1. Topical application was also given twice a week until complete socket wound closure up to 14 d. Immediate postoperative pain was assessed by 3 scores. Histology and microcomputed tomography were used to assess socket bone fill and alveolar ridge dimensional changes at selected dates. The assessments of coded specimens were performed by masked, calibrated examiners. Local application of MaR1 potently accelerated extraction socket healing. Macroscopic and histologic analysis revealed a reduced soft tissue wound opening and more rapid re-epithelialization with MaR1 delivery versus vehicle on socket healing. Under micro–computed tomography analysis, MaR1 (especially at 0.05 μg/μL) stimulated greater socket bone fill at day 10 as compared with the vehicle-treated animals, resulting in less buccal plate resorption and a wider alveolar ridge by day 21. Interestingly, an increased ratio of CD206+:CD68+ macrophages was identified in the sockets with MaR1 application under immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis. As compared with the vehicle therapy, local delivery of MaR1 reduced immediate postoperative surrogate pain score panels. In summary, MaR1 accelerated extraction wound healing, promoted socket bone fill, preserved alveolar ridge bone, and reduced postoperative pain in vivo with a rodent preclinical model. Local administration of MaR1 offers clinical potential to accelerate extraction socket wound healing for more predictable dental implant reconstruction.

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