scholarly journals “Following Your Gut” or “Questioning the Scientific Evidence”: Understanding Vaccine Skepticism among More-Educated Dutch Parents

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-99
Author(s):  
Josje Ten Kate ◽  
Willem De Koster ◽  
Jeroen Van der Waal
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Childhood Diseases ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Perceived Harm

This study aims to understand vaccine skepticism among a population where it is remarkably prevalent—more-educated Dutch parents—through 31 in-depth interviews. Whereas all respondents ascribe a central role to the individual in obtaining knowledge (i.e., individualist epistemology), this is expressed in two repertoires. A neoromantic one focuses on deriving truth through intuition and following a “natural” path and informs a risk typology: embracing (refusing) “natural” (“unnatural”) risks such as “childhood diseases” (“pharmaceutical substances”). A critical-reflexive repertoire centers on scientific methods but is skeptical about the scientific consensus and informs a risk calculation: opting for the choice perceived to bear the smallest risk. Thus, the same vaccine can be rejected because of its perceived harm to natural processes (neoromantic repertoire) or because its scientific basis is deemed insufficient (critical-reflexive repertoire). Moreover, these opposing repertoires are likely to inspire different responses to the same health-related information.

scholarly journals How Confidence in Prior Attitudes, Social Tag Popularity, and Source Credibility Shape Confirmation Bias Toward Antidepressants and Psychotherapy in a Representative German Sample: Randomized Controlled Web-Based Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Schweiger ◽  
Ulrike Cress
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Source Credibility ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Confirmation Bias ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Prior Attitudes ◽  
Blog Posts

BACKGROUND In health-related, Web-based information search, people should select information in line with expert (vs nonexpert) information, independent of their prior attitudes and consequent confirmation bias. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate confirmation bias in mental health–related information search, particularly (1) if high confidence worsens confirmation bias, (2) if social tags eliminate the influence of prior attitudes, and (3) if people successfully distinguish high and low source credibility. METHODS In total, 520 participants of a representative sample of the German Web-based population were recruited via a panel company. Among them, 48.1% (250/520) participants completed the fully automated study. Participants provided prior attitudes about antidepressants and psychotherapy. We manipulated (1) confidence in prior attitudes when participants searched for blog posts about the treatment of depression, (2) tag popularity —either psychotherapy or antidepressant tags were more popular, and (3) source credibility with banners indicating high or low expertise of the tagging community. We measured tag and blog post selection, and treatment efficacy ratings after navigation. RESULTS Tag popularity predicted the proportion of selected antidepressant tags (beta=.44, SE 0.11; P<.001) and blog posts (beta=.46, SE 0.11; P<.001). When confidence was low (−1 SD), participants selected more blog posts consistent with prior attitudes (beta=−.26, SE 0.05; P<.001). Moreover, when confidence was low (−1 SD) and source credibility was high (+1 SD), the efficacy ratings of attitude-consistent treatments increased (beta=.34, SE 0.13; P=.01). CONCLUSIONS We found correlational support for defense motivation account underlying confirmation bias in the mental health–related search context. That is, participants tended to select information that supported their prior attitudes, which is not in line with the current scientific evidence. Implications for presenting persuasive Web-based information are also discussed. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03899168; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03899168 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/77Nyot3Do)

scholarly journals The Application of the Principles of Responsible AI on Social Media Marketing for Digital Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Liu ◽  
Suraksha Gupta ◽  
Parth Patel
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Social Media Marketing ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Research Propositions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

AbstractSocial media enables medical professionals and authorities to share, disseminate, monitor, and manage health-related information digitally through online communities such as Twitter and Facebook. Simultaneously, artificial intelligence (AI) powered social media offers digital capabilities for organizations to select, screen, detect and predict problems with possible solutions through digital health data. Both the patients and healthcare professionals have benefited from such improvements. However, arising ethical concerns related to the use of AI raised by stakeholders need scrutiny which could help organizations obtain trust, minimize privacy invasion, and eventually facilitate the responsible success of AI-enabled social media operations. This paper examines the impact of responsible AI on businesses using insights from analysis of 25 in-depth interviews of health care professionals. The exploratory analysis conducted revealed that abiding by the responsible AI principles can allow healthcare businesses to better take advantage of the improved effectiveness of their social media marketing initiatives with their users. The analysis is further used to offer research propositions and conclusions, and the contributions and limitations of the study have been discussed.

Online Advertising in Relation to Medicinal Products and Health Related Services

E-Marketing ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 636-651
Author(s):  
Eleni Tzoulia
Keyword(s):  
Online Advertising ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Health It ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Individual

This study examines special issues of online advertising in relation to medicinal products and health related services. It demonstrates that the marketing of medicinal products over the internet puts consumers at a number of risks related to both their privacy and their health. It endeavours to answer the question whether the existing EU legislation can efficiently protect the individual, who may be induced to disclose his/her health related information to and be involved in transactions with entities of questionable origin for the purchase of medicinal products online.

Health Promotion Financing With Mongolia’s Social Health Insurance

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorjsuren Bayarsaikhan ◽  
Keiko Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Social Health Insurance ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Individual

Health promotion is receiving more attention in Mongolia. A survey is undertaken to examine health promotion in terms of health-related information, education, counseling, screening, and preventive and medical checkups. Almost all (97.5%) the participants feel that access to reliable and systematically organized health-related information is important. About 60% of the participants said that the amount of currently available information is inadequate. There are several factors that limit the implementation of public health programs. These include inadequate focus on promoting health at the individual level, lack of funds, and limited incentives to promote health. This article examines social health insurance as an option to address these issues. Three hypothetical benefits package options expanded to health promotion were developed and simulated by a computerized tool. The simulations show that all 3 options are financially sustainable at the existing level of contribution if Mongolia will gain near universal health insurance coverage and improve revenue collection practices.

Online Advertising in Relation to Medicinal Products and Health Related Services

2011 ◽  
pp. 226-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Tzoulia
Keyword(s):  
Online Advertising ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Health It ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Individual

This study examines special issues of online advertising in relation to medicinal products and health related services. It demonstrates that the marketing of medicinal products over the internet puts consumers at a number of risks related to both their privacy and their health. It endeavours to answer the question whether the existing EU legislation can efficiently protect the individual, who may be induced to disclose his/her health related information to and be involved in transactions with entities of questionable origin for the purchase of medicinal products online.

Coaching in organizations: what is the scientific evidence about its effectiveness?

Praxis Psy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (35) ◽  
pp. 27-47
Author(s):  
Natassia Bueno ◽  
Jairo Borges-Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Work Organizations ◽  
Individual Coaching ◽  
Coaching Process ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Individual

The individual coaching process is a growing intervention used in work organizations. The investment in this tool is justified by the belief that a worker can develop skills, change behaviors, and achieve goals with the help of a professional coach. This would result in better individual and organizational performance. However, little is known about the scientific basis of its effectiveness. This study sought to search, in the scientific literature, about what is known with respect to the effectiveness of individual coaching processes in the work context. From the analysis of nineteen scientific papers published, using a method of rapid systematic review, the results suggested little scientific evidence on the effectiveness of coaching. There is a need to conduct more empirical studies with high quality and scientific methodological rigor, which may bring more scientific evidence and greater robustness and reliability for research results in this field.

Using Popular Mobile Devices in Voice Therapy

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva van Leer
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Behavior ◽  
Voice Therapy ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Mobile Platforms ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Motivational Messages ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Tailored Approach

Mobile tools are increasingly available to help individuals monitor their progress toward health behavior goals. Commonly known commercial products for health and fitness self-monitoring include wearable devices such as the Fitbit© and Nike + Pedometer© that work independently or in conjunction with mobile platforms (e.g., smartphones, media players) as well as web-based interfaces. These tools track and graph exercise behavior, provide motivational messages, offer health-related information, and allow users to share their accomplishments via social media. Approximately 2 million software programs or “apps” have been designed for mobile platforms (Pure Oxygen Mobile, 2013), many of which are health-related. The development of mobile health devices and applications is advancing so quickly that the Food and Drug Administration issued a Guidance statement with the purpose of defining mobile medical applications and describing a tailored approach to their regulation.

Do we form or deform? Qualitative Investigation in Public Hospitals of Madrid

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Jesús Gómez Camuñas ◽  
Purificación González Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Business Growth ◽  
Small Hospital ◽  
Student Learn ◽  
Depth Interviews

<div><i>Background</i>: the creative capacities and the knowledge of the employees are components of the intellectual capital of the company; hence, their training is a key activity to achieve the objectives and business growth. <i>Objective</i>: To understand the meaning of learning in the hospital from the experiences of its participants through the inquiry of meanings. <i>Method</i>: Qualitative design with an ethnographic approach, which forms part of a wider research, on organizational culture; carried out mainly in 2 public hospitals of the Community of Madrid. The data has been collected for thirteen months. A total of 23 in-depth interviews and 69 field sessions have been conducted through the participant observation technique. <i>Results</i>: the worker and the student learn from what they see and hear. The great hospital offers an unregulated education, dependent on the professional, emphasizing that they learn everything. Some transmit the best and others, even the humiliating ones, use them for dirty jobs, focusing on the task and nullifying the possibility of thinking. They show a reluctant attitude to teach the newcomer, even if they do, they do not have to oppose their practice. In short, a learning in the variability, which produces a rupture between theory and practice; staying with what most convinces them, including negligence, which affects the patient's safety. In the small hospital, it is a teaching based on a practice based on scientific evidence and personalized attention, on knowing the other. Clearly taught from the reception, to treat with caring patience and co-responsibility in the care. The protagonists of both scenarios agree that teaching and helping new people establish lasting and important personal relationships to feel happy and want to be in that service or hospital. <i>Conclusion</i>: There are substantial differences related to the size of the center, as to what and how the student and the novel professional are formed. At the same time that the meaning of value that these health organizations transmit to their workers is inferred through the training, one orienting to the task and the other to the person, either patient, professional or pupil and therefore seeking the common benefit.</div>

Executive Dysfunction Mediates the Association Between Older Age and Online Health Information Search Performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Kordovski ◽  
Savanna M. Tierney ◽  
Samina Rahman ◽  
Luis D. Medina ◽  
Michelle A. Babicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Older Age ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Health Related

Objective: Searching the Internet for health-related information is a complex and dynamic goal-oriented process that places demands on executive functions, which are higher-order cognitive abilities that are known to deteriorate with older age. This study aimed to examine the effects of older age on electronic health (eHealth) search behavior, and to determine whether executive functions played a mediating role in that regard. Method: Fifty younger adults (≤ 35 years) and 41 older adults (≥50 years) completed naturalistic eHealth search tasks involving fact-finding (Fact Search) and symptom diagnosis (Symptom Search), a neurocognitive battery, and a series of questionnaires. Results: Multiple regression models with relevant covariates revealed that older adults were slower and less accurate than younger adults on the eHealth Fact Search task, but not on the eHealth Symptom Search task. Nevertheless, executive functions mediated the relationship between older age and eHealth Fact Search and Symptom Search accuracy. Conclusions: Older adults can experience difficulty searching the Internet for some health-related information, which is at least partly attributable to executive dysfunction. Future studies are needed to determine the benefits of training in the organizational and strategic aspects of Internet search for older adults and whether these findings are applicable to clinical populations with executive dysfunction.

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