The Impacts of the Voice Change, Grade Level, and Experience on the Singing Self-Efficacy of Emerging Adolescent Males

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Fisher

The purposes of the study are to describe characteristics of the voice change in sixth-, seventh-, and eighth-grade choir students using Cooksey’s voice-change classification system and to determine if the singing self-efficacy of adolescent males is affected by the voice change, grade level, and experience. Participants ( N = 80) consisted of volunteer sixth-grade, seventh-grade, and eighth-grade males enrolled in a public school choral program. Participants completed the Singing Self-Efficacy Scale for Emerging Adolescent Males (SSES). After completing the SSES, participants were individually audio-recorded performing simple vocal exercises to attain each boy’s vocal range. Results revealed that 45% of sixth-grade participants, 48.15% of seventh-grade participants, and 87.88% of eighth-grade participants were classified as changing voices. Results of a three-way between-subjects ANOVA revealed no main effect for voice-change stage or grade level. A main effect was found for experience, favoring participants with 3 or more years of experience in choir. No statistically significant interactions were found.

Author(s):  
Ryan Austin Fisher ◽  
Nancy L. Summitt ◽  
Ellen B. Koziel

The purpose of this study was to describe the voice change and voice part assignment of male middle school choir members. Volunteers ( N = 92) were recruited from three public middle school choral programs (Grades 6-8). Participants were audio-recorded performing simple vocal tasks in order to assess vocal range and asked to share the music they were currently singing in class. Results revealed 23.91% of participants’ voices could be categorized as unchanged, 14.13% as Stage 1, 3.26% as Stage 2, 10.87% as Stage 3, 26.09% as Stage 4, and 21.74% as Stage 5. The majority of sixth-grade participants were classified as unchanged or in Stage 1 of the voice change and the majority of eighth-grade participants were classified in Stages 4 to 5 of the voice change. Of the participants labeled “tenors” in their choir, over 60% were classified as either unchanged voices or in Stage 1 of the voice change.


1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Douglas Ried ◽  
O. B. Martinson ◽  
L. C. Weaver

This study compared the psychosocial adjustment and drug use of eighth grade students beginning middle school in the fifth, sixth, or seventh grade. Eighth grade students beginning middle school in the fifth and sixth grade had more favorable drug use attitudes, had more drug using friends, and felt their friends were less opposed to using drugs than did students beginning middle school in the seventh grade. Eighth grade students beginning middle school in the sixth grade used drugs more frequently than students beginning in the seventh grade. The school organization variables were not statistically significant in a model which accounted for 67 percent of the variance in the drug use variable. The significance of the grade-level organization of schools is discussed.


1965 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 614-616
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Meadowcroft

Often in the utilization of special methods and educational materials a continuous sequence cannot be maintained from one grade level to another. This is sometimes experienced in the area of programmed learning where an excellent course may be had that is suitable for one grade level but has no suitable sequel for the next grade level. Critics have frequently suggested that programmed learning provides low retention and produces superficial learning. Some answers to these suspicions and the efTects of interrupted programs might be had from the following report.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 563-584
Author(s):  
Güneş Sali

In this study, which is planned to observe the advancement of creativity in secondary school children in the sixth, seventh and eighth classes starting from the fifth class, the relational scanning model which is one of the describe approachs was used. This is as well lengthwise research. The population of the study contained of children attending the first grade of secondary schools in Yozgat (Turkey) city center in 2015–2016 academic year. The sample of the study contained of 154 children (78 girls, 76 boys) attending two fifth grade branches in three secondary schools selected from these secondary schools. In the sixth grade, the number of samples decreased to 147 (72 females, 75 males), 137 in the seventh grade (68 females, 69 males) and 132 (65 females, 67 males) in the eighth grade. The analyzes were performed on data collected from 132 children in the eighth grade. General Information Form and Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (Figure Form A and Form B) were used as data collection tools. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, frequency, analysis of variance for rehearced measurements and T-Test for unrelated measurements were performed. Hence of the study, it was seen that the creative thinking scores of the children in the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth classes differed in all sub-dimension scores and total creativity scores. In the fluency sub-dimension, the scores obtained in the fifth grade and sixth, seventh and eighth classes differed in favor of the sixth, seventh and eighth classes, respectively. In the sixth grade, the difference between the scores received in the seventh and eighth classes advantage of the scores obtained in the seventh and eighth classes, respectively. Moreover, the difference between the scores obtained in the seventh class and the scores taken in the eighth class were found advantage of the scores obtained in the eighth grade. In the sub-dimension of originality, there was a difference between the scores obtained in the fifth grade and the scores obtained in the seventh and eighth classes, respectively, in favor of the scores obtained in the seventh and eighth grades. It was found that there was a differentiation between the scores obtained in the seventh grade, and the scores obtained in the eighth grade in the seventh and eighth classes, respectively. It is seen that there is a statistically significant difference between the scores obtained in the fifth, sixth and eighth grades in the abstraction of headings advantage of the scores obtained in the seventh grade. In the enrichment sub-dimension, it was found that the scores obtained in the fifth and sixth grades differed significantly from the scores obtained in the eighth grade in favor of the scores obtained in the fifth and sixth grades. In the sub-dimension of resistance to early closure, it was observed that there was a difference between the scores obtained in the fifth, sixth and eighth grades and the scores obtained in the seventh grade advantage of the scores obtained in the seventh grade. In the total creativity scores, there was a difference between the scores obtained in the fifth grade and the scores obtained in the sixth class advantage of the ratings obtained in the sixth grade. It was determined that the scores obtained in the fifth sixth and eighth grades differed significantly advantage of the scores obtained in the seventh class (p <.05). It was determined that the total creativity rating of the children participator in the survey in the sixth class and the early closure resistance subscale scores obtained in the eighth grade differed according to gender (p <.05).


Author(s):  
Gregory C. Petty

Most professional educators agree that K – 20 educators have difficult jobs. However, there has been little research conducted on whether the work ethic of teachers of the different grade levels is common to all levels of teachers. Knowledge of any differences could affect training strategies and educational practices. The science of pedagogy implies that all teaching structures and curriculum are the same for teaching children. However, this chapter shows that there are significant differences between teachers of kindergarten through sixth grade from their counterparts teaching seventh grade through twelfth grade. Specific components that are the result of a factor analysis reveal definitive work ethic constructs that differ between levels of teachers. This information could be used to develop more appropriate curriculum for teachers at all levels of teaching.


2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senol Recber ◽  
Mine Isiksal ◽  
Yusuf Koc

<p class="Abstract">The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among seventh grade students’ mathematics self-efficacy, mathematics anxiety, attitudes towards mathematics, and mathematics achievement with respect to gender and school type. In order to examine the difference in self-efficacy, anxiety, attitude and achievement in terms of gender and school type, and two-way ANOVA were performed. In addition, multiple regression analysis was run to investigate the role of mathematics self-efficacy, anxiety, attitude, gender and school type on predicting mathematics achievement of seventh grade students. Results revealed that there was a significant main effect of gender on mean self-efficacy scores, attitude scores, anxiety scores and mathematics achievement. However, school type did not have significant main effect on mean self-efficacy scores, anxiety scores, and achievement scores but have significant effect on attitude scores. It is believed that explaining differences in mathematics performance of students with the help of emotional parameters will give valuable implications for the teachers.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 237437352199884
Author(s):  
Michael K Rooney ◽  
Gaia Santiago ◽  
Subha Perni ◽  
David P Horowitz ◽  
Anne R McCall ◽  
...  

Comprehensive patient education is necessary for shared decision-making. While patient–provider conversations primarily drive patient education, patients also use published materials to enhance their understanding. In this investigation, we evaluated the readability of 2585 patient education materials published in high-impact medical journals from 1998 to 2018 and compared our findings to readability recommendations from national groups. For all materials, mean readability grade levels ranged from 11.2 to 13.8 by various metrics. Fifty-four (2.1%) materials met the American Medical Association recommendation of sixth grade reading level, and 215 (8.2%) met the National Institutes of Health recommendation of eighth grade level. When stratified by journal and material type, general medical education materials from Annals of Internal Medicine were the most readable ( P < .001), with 79.8% meeting the eighth grade level. Readability did not differ significantly over time. Efforts to standardize publication practice with the incorporation of readability evaluation during the review process may improve patients’ understanding of their disease processes and treatment options.


Author(s):  
Zeynep Bahar Erşen, Buket Özüm Bülbül, Mustafa Güler

This study aimed to examine the solved examples used in polygons and measurement of area subjects in mathematics textbooks approved to be taught in the 2020-2021 academic year in terms of geometric habits of mind. In this context, a total of ten mathematics textbooks, including two fifth grade, three sixth grade, two seventh grade, and three eighth grade, were examined. The solved examples in the textbooks were subjected to document analysis for the following habits; reasoning with relationship, thinking and generalizing special cases, investing of invariants, and exploration and reflection. Regarding the study results, the solved examples of the fifth, sixth and seventh grades mostly used reasoning with relationship, exploration and reflection habits, whereas the examples of eighth grade were observed to include investing of invariants in addition to these habits. Besides, there are examples based on computer software at every grade level, but it was concluded that such examples are best used in the eighth grade to address the geometric habits of mind. Some suggestions have been made based on the results obtained.


2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Veremeenko

The purpose of the study is to identify the peculiarities of strength preparedness of middle-school-aged boys. Materials and methods. The participants in the study were boys of sixth grade (n=36), seventh grade (n=36), eighth grade (n=33). The study used analysis and summary of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical testing and methods of mathematical statistics for processing study results. The IBM SPSS 23 statistical analysis software was used to process the study materials. The following parameters were calculated: arithmetic mean value (X); standard deviation (s). The probability of difference in statistical indicators was estimated using the Student’s t-test. Results. The analysis of the results suggests that the sixth- and seventh-grade boys have statistically significant differences in the set of tests (p <0.05). The seventh-grade boys show the increase in strength indicators of the shoulder girdle muscles, abdominal and back muscles, leg muscles. The sixth- and eighth-grade boys show statistically significant differences in the set of tests (p<0.05). The eighth-grade boys demonstrate the increased indicators of strength and strength endurance of the shoulder girdle muscles, abdominal and back muscles, and leg muscles. There are also statistically significant differences in the test on frequency of arm movements (p<0.001) and in the “Standing long jump” (p<0.001). The seventh- and eighth-grade boys show statistically significant increase in strength indicators of the shoulder girdle muscles, the indicators of strength endurance of the abdominal and back muscles, and the indicators of strength endurance of the leg muscles. There are statistically significant differences in the test on frequency of arm movements (p<0.05) and in the “Shuttle run 4×9” (p<0.001). Conclusions. The middle-school-aged boys show a positive dynamics in the development of motor preparedness. The largest increase is observed in the indicators of strength and strength endurance of the shoulder girdle muscles, abdominal, back, and leg muscles.


2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Marie Guilbault

The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of harmonic accompaniment on the tonal improvisations of elementary school students. Specifically, this study was designed to (a) determine if the addition of a root melody accompaniment to song instruction affects the implied harmonic changes and harmonic rhythm in the tonal improvisations of students in first through sixth grade and (b) determine whether age affects the tonal improvisation scores of students in first through sixth grade. Results indicated that students who received song instruction with root melody accompaniment received significantly higher tonal improvisation rating scores than those students who did not have such instruction. No statistical difference was found for the main effect of grade level.


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