scholarly journals Tram, trolleybus and bus services in Eastern-European socialist urban planning: Case studies of Magdeburg, Ostrava and Oryol (1950s and 1960s)

2020 ◽  
pp. 002252662093183
Author(s):  
Elvira Khairullina ◽  
Luis Santos y Ganges
Keyword(s):  
City Planning ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Collective Transport ◽  
Private Car ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Bus Services ◽  
The City

This study examines urban collective transport policy in the city planning of three European countries under the Socialist Bloc in the 1950s and 1960s. The main aim is to account for the success of the private car in approaches to urban infrastructure and to understand how this affected tramway system planning. This then leads to a new perspective in understanding the conflict between the adoption of transport vehicles: The diversity of argument in tramway planning has been analysed using official publications, professional literature, and the urban and transport plans of the three case study cities. It results that planning solutions prioritised more national and local conditions, their logic and the singularity of their characteristics over the specific principles related to the ideology of the communist regimes.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Duration of Journey Stages on Transport Mode Choice: A Case Study in the City of Tarnow

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5922
Author(s):  
Marek Bauer ◽  
Piotr Kisielewski
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Private Car ◽  
Transport Choice ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
The City

In this paper, we present the effect of making too many private car journeys on city transport systems. A sustainable approach for the development of transport infrastructure is needed, which takes into account local conditions and needs, especially for areas with a high density of origins and destinations. The criteria for evaluating public transport and bicycle transport are presented, which, if acceptable to city residents, may lead to changes in transportation behaviors and, thus, a more efficient use of transport in daily travels. Factors affecting the mode of transport choice include the duration of particular stages of a journey, such as reaching the location where the first ride commences/driving from the travel origin, waiting for a vehicle (bus journeys) or ride/drive, and reaching the travel destination of the last ride/drive. Additionally, the possibility of using a car and having a seasonal ticket for public transport were taken into account. In this study, the results of detailed travel research in the Polish city of Tarnow were used. It has been proven that the low share of public transport in daily travels is due, among other things, to excessive time to reach a stop and due to walking to journey destinations, whereas the low share of cycling is mainly due to a lack of comfort and safe cycling infrastructure.

Bike your City: Planning and Designing Cycling Infrastructure in the Urban Environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jack J. Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Design Case Study ◽  
Architecture And Design ◽  
Graphical Design ◽  
The City

<p>Cycling is a memory of the past for most of us, the lack of support from the authorities on the cycling infrastructure made it difficult to attract people to cycle in the city. Urban sprawl, traffic congestion, car dependency, environmental pollution and public health concerns have pressured cities around the world to consider reintegrating cycling into the urban environment.  Design as a research method was utilised to investigate the effectiveness of design methodology and workflow for cycling infrastructure from an architecture and design perspective. Using Wellington City as a design case study, this research aimed to improve the legibility, usability and the image of cycling as a mode of transport in the city. To achieve this, a customisable graphical design framework and branding strategies were developed to structure and organise the design components within cycling infrastructure. The findings from the iterative design processes were visualised through the appropriate architectural and presentation conventions.  This research provided an unique architectural perspectives on the issues of cycling infrastructure; the results would support the transportation advisers and urban planners to further the development and integration of cycling, as a viable mode of transport, within the city.</p>

scholarly journals SUSTAINING THE CULTURAL VITALITY OF URBAN PUBLIC MARKETS: A Case Study of Pasar Payang, Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalilah Zakariya ◽  
Zumahiran Kamarudin ◽  
Nor Zalina Harun
Keyword(s):  
City Planning ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Local Identity ◽  
Cultural Participation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Public Markets ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Public Market ◽  
The City

The development of a public market in the city planning is pivotal in supporting the growth of the local economy. The market is also a place where the culture of the locals evolves daily. However, the unique qualities of the market are vulnerable to the redevelopment process. This study examines the cultural aspects of Pasar Payang in Terengganu, Malaysia, as one of the well-known markets among the locals and the tourists, which will soon be redeveloped. The aim of this paper is to identify the tangible and intangible qualities of the market, so that it can sustain its cultural qualities in the future. The methods adopted for this study comprise of conducting a survey among 497 visitors, and semi-structured interviews among 19 market vendors. The findings reveal that the cultural vitality of the market can be sustained by strengthening its local identity through its products and culture, providing spaces that can facilitate tourist activities and cultural participation, and enhancing the development of the local businesses.

scholarly journals Contrasts in Innovation: Pittsburgh Then and Now

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Madison
Keyword(s):  
Steel Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
Industrial Regions ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Assessments of the relationship among law, innovation, and economic growth often begin with one or more propositions of law or law practice and predict how changes might affect innovation or business practice. This approach is problematic when applied to questions of regional economic development, because historic and contemporary local conditions vary considerably. This paper takes a different tack. It takes a snapshot of one recovering post-industrial economy, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. For most of the 20th century, Pittsburgh's steelmakers were leading examples worldwide of American economic prowess. Pittsburgh was so vibrant with industry that a late 19th century travel writer called Pittsburgh "hell with the lid taken off," and he meant that as a compliment. In the early 1980s, however, Pittsburgh's steel economy collapsed, a victim of changing worldwide demand for steel and the industry's inflexible commitment to a large-scale integrated production model. As the steel industry collapsed, the Pittsburgh region collapsed, too. Unemployment in some parts of the Pittsburgh region peaked at 20%. More than 100,000 manufacturing jobs disappeared. Tens of thousands of residents moved away annually. Over the last 30 years, Pittsburgh has slowly recovered, building a new economy that balances limited manufacturing with a broad range of high quality services. In 2009, President Barack Obama took note of the region's rebirth by selecting the city to host a summit of the Group of 20 (G-20) finance ministers. The paper describes the characteristics of Pittsburgh today and measures the state of its renewal. It considers the extent, if any, to which law and the legal system have contributed to Pittsburgh's modern success, and it identifies lessons that this Pittsburgh case study might offer for other recovering and transitioning post-industrial regions.

scholarly journals Challenges of Urban Living Labs towards the Future of Local Innovation

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aksel Ersoy ◽  
Ellen Van Bueren
Keyword(s):  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Urban Living ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Living Labs ◽  
Local Solutions ◽  
The City ◽  
Development Result

Finding new approaches to overcome complex urban problems such as climate change has always been of interest to policymakers and academics. The changing dynamics of urban development result in the diversification of new practices during which experimentation is used to inform urban practice. Amongst these approaches, urban living labs (ULLs) have become a popular form of urban experimental innovation in many countries in the last decade. These ULLs respond to the increased complexity of future challenges calling for local solutions that acknowledge the local conditions—political, technical, and social. Even though a great deal of attention has been given to this form of urban innovation, there has been little consideration of the learning and innovation processes within ULLs. Based on a comparative case study of three innovation projects in a ULL in the city of Amsterdam, we analyse and discuss the claims of ULLs regarding innovation and the different orders of learning they foster. We argue that in the processes of experimentation within ULLs, combining mechanisms of learning and innovation is key to promoting the development of particular local solutions. However, since the learning processes are especially concerned within a particular ULL learning setting, there is a mismatch between the expectations of policymakers, industry, citizens, and knowledge institutes, as well as how the lessons learned can be useful for other contexts.

scholarly journals THE IMPLEMENTATION OF STANDARD APPROACH FOR OPEN SPACE PLANNING IN KUALA LUMPUR

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robiah Suratman ◽  
Maryanti Mohd Raid ◽  
Mohd Izuan Nadzri ◽  
Salfarina Samsudin ◽  
Nurkhairiyah Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Open Space Planning ◽  
Implementation Of Standards ◽  
The City

This article attempts to discuss the implementation of standards approach, 2 hectares per 1000 population as approved by the National Physical Planning Council in 2005. Using Kuala Lumpur as case study, the analysis showed that the uniformity of standards approach implementation has failed to take into account the distinction within the local conditions which have implications on the level of achievement for the 6 planning zones in Kuala Lumpur from 2011 to 2017. Use of the standards approach without modifications has created high density zones such as the City Centre, Sentul-Manjalara and Wangsa Maju-Maluri failed to attain the standards. Besides, other zones namely Damansara-Penchala, Bandar Tun Razak-Sungai Besi and Bukit Jalil-Seputih have exceeded the targeted standards. Based on the analysis, the distinction of local condition for each zone in Kuala Lumpur in terms of population number, urban land availability, land value, urbanization process and densification rate of the city need to be considered in implementing standards approach.

The Knowledge Urbanity in Qatar

2018 ◽  
pp. 60-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. Alraouf
Keyword(s):  
City Planning ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Creative City ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
The City

This chapter illustrates the alternative approach to knowledge-based urban development that Qatar adopted to cope with the challenges of the post-carbon paradigm and to construct a new identity as a knowledge-based model of development within the Middle East. Using the capital city, Doha, as the main case study, the chapter provides analysis of the city evolution from the discovery of oil until the contemporary stage where knowledge economy is envisioned as its future and the guiding principle for its urban and architectural projects. The analysis covers the city planning level and how future masterplan is geared towards KBUD and then some influential projects will be assessed. The chapter concludes with a holistic understanding of the case of Doha as a knowledge and creative city that succeeded to craft a new urban brand within the Gulf and Middle Eastern cities.

Emotional Mapping in Local Neighbourhood Planning

2020 ◽  
pp. 541-564
Author(s):  
Jiří Pánek ◽  
Vít Pászto
Keyword(s):  
City Planning ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Public ◽  
Participatory Processes ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Planning Decision ◽  
The City

City planning, decision-making and participation in local administration can be sometimes elitist, closed to the public and non-participatory processes. Citizens are frequently a neglected part of these activities and are usually only involved and considered prior to elections. Yet citizens have a relevant role in the processes of town planning and administration. This paper describes the implementation of a web-based crowdsourcing tool for the collection and visualisation of emotion-based and subjective information on maps. The tool was used in a case study of neighbourhood development consultation in the city of Příbram, the Czech Republic. Visual, textual and statistical analyses showed a similar spatial distribution of some topics within the Křižáky neighbourhood and provide results, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches in the process of e-participation in urban e-planning. The results presented in this paper allow replication of the research methodology in other areas as well as its implementation.

A Study of the Relationships Between Urban Development and Environmental Quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Chyi-Lu Jang ◽  
Luke H.C. Hsiao ◽  
Shang-Pao Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Housing Preferences ◽  
Housing Projects ◽  
Additional Value ◽  
The City ◽  
Data Requirements

A fundamental change in the planning and delivery of new housing projects has taken place in the last years, with the focus shifting towards adding value to projects based on a better understanding of housing preferences. This issue becomes even more critical when it is intended to the provision of affordable houses for low and middle income groups. This paper describes a model designed to help developers and housing users to achieve their expectations regarding quality, affordability and including also reasonable profits. Developed through a “methodological pluralism”, this study identifies people-oriented variables and assumptions. The model was developed based on a case study in the city of Guayaquil-Ecuador, and information obtained from field work research was used to test it. The study examines implications and limitations of the model for inclusion of housing preferences considering local conditions and cultural values. The different parts of the model along with data requirements for each part are described. The paper concludes with findings regarding the identification of most preferred attributes by housing users and the use of alternatives methods to incorporate additional value into projects, translated into more appealing profits for developers and the provision of better and more affordable houses for users.

Planning and its discontents: contradictions and continuities in remaking China's great cities, 1950–2010

Urban History ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMUEL Y. LIANG
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Urban Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
State Governance ◽  
City Plan ◽  
The City ◽  
Theoretical Overview

ABSTRACT:This article offers a theoretical overview of the urbanization legacy of China's great cities since 1949. It shows a persistent contradiction between ideology/planning and urban sprawl/cellular urbanism. The symbolic function of city planning reflects official ideology giving the city a unified formal structure, but the implementation of the city plan is compromised in the process of urban development. The state governance fragments Chinese urban society into emplaced groups. This social division takes effect through the spatial division of various compounds that negotiate with rather than conform to city planning. Using a case-study of Guangzhou's urban development, the article shows how the state-led spatial practices continue in the post-socialist era and how a new kind of developmental ideology informs urban developments.

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