Acinetobacter species in laboratory mice: species survey and antimicrobial resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 470-477
Author(s):  
Laurentiu Benga ◽  
Andrea T. Feßler ◽  
W. Peter M. Benten ◽  
Eva Engelhardt ◽  
Karl Köhrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Rpob Gene ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Hospital Epidemiology ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Very High

The extra-hospital epidemiology of Acinetobacter infections is a subject of debate. In recent years, the prevalence of animal multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter infections has increased considerably. The goal of the present study was to specify Acinetobacter species isolated from laboratory mice and to test them for their antimicrobial susceptibility. During routine microbiological monitoring of laboratory mice, 12 Acinetobacter spp. were isolated. By means of 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequencing, seven of the isolates were identified as Acinetobacter radioresistens, three isolates belonged to Acinetobacter genomospecies 14BJ, one isolate was classified as Acinetobacter pitii and one as Acinetobacter sp. ANC 4051. The distribution of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values was uniform for 21 of the 23 antimicrobial agents tested, whereas a broad MIC distribution was recorded for tulathromycin and streptomycin. The MIC values recorded were low for the majority of the antibiotics tested. Nevertheless, very high MIC values, which will probably render a therapeutic approach using these substances unsuccessful, were recorded for florfenicol, tiamulin, tilmicosin and cephalothin in most of the isolates. In conclusion, we document colonization of laboratory mice with different Acinetobacter species, displaying similar antibiotic susceptibility profiles, with possible implications in the Acinetobacter epidemiology as well as in the husbandry and experimentation of the colonized animals.

scholarly journals Infections Due to Acinetobacter baumannii in the ICU: Treatment Options

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (03) ◽  
pp. 311-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Zhanel ◽  
Nina Clark ◽  
Joseph Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Polymyxin E ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Icu Treatment

AbstractBacteria within the genus Acinetobacter (principally A. baumannii-calcoaceticus complex [ABC]) are gram-negative coccobacilli that may cause nosocomial infections in critically ill or debilitated patients (particularly ventilator-associated pneumonia and infections of the bloodstream, urinary tract, and wounds). Treatment of Acinetobacter infections is difficult, as Acinetobacter spp. are intrinsically resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents, and have a remarkable ability to acquire new resistance determinants via mechanisms that include plasmids, transposons, integrons, and resistance islands. Since the 1990s, global resistance to antimicrobials has escalated dramatically among ABC. Global spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR)-A. baumannii strains reflects dissemination of a few clones between hospitals, geographic regions, and continents; excessive use of antibiotics amplifies this spread. Many isolates are resistant to all antimicrobials except colistin (polymyxin E) and tigecycline, and some infections are untreatable with existing antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial resistance poses a serious threat to treat or prevent infections due to ABC. Strategies to curtail environmental colonization with MDR-ABD will require aggressive infection control efforts and cohorting of infected patients. Thoughtful antibiotic strategies are essential to limit the spread of MDR-ABC. Optimal therapy will likely require combination antimicrobial therapy of existing antibiotics as well as development of novel antibiotic classes.

scholarly journals Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Genetic Characterization and Spread in Lithuania in 2014, 2016, and 2018

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Tatjana Kirtikliene ◽  
Aistė Mierauskaitė ◽  
Ilona Razmienė ◽  
Nomeda Kuisiene
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents plays an important role in the treatment of bacterial infections in healthcare institutions. The spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria can occur during inter- and intra-hospital transmissions among patients and hospital personnel. For this reason, more studies must be conducted to understand how resistance occurs in bacteria and how it moves between hospitals by comparing data from different years and looking out for any patterns that might emerge. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter spp. was studied at 14 healthcare institutions in Lithuania during 2014, 2016, and 2018 using samples from human bloodstream infections. In total, 194 isolates were collected and identified using MALDI-TOF and VITEK2 analyzers as Acinetobacter baumannii group bacteria. After that, the isolates were analyzed for the presence of different resistance genes (20 genes were analyzed) and characterized by using the Rep-PCR and MLVA (multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis) genotyping methods. The results of the study showed the relatedness of the different Acinetobacter spp. isolates and a possible circulation of resistance genes or profiles during the different years of the study. This study provides essential information, such as variability and diversity of resistance genes, genetic profiling, and clustering of isolates, to better understand the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Acinetobacter spp. These results can be used to strengthen the control of multidrug-resistant infections in healthcare institutions and to prevent potential outbreaks of this pathogen in the future.

scholarly journals Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Tigecycline on Acinetobacter in Burn Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-435
Author(s):  
Bisekha Jaiswal ◽  
Laxmi Timalsina ◽  
Sushmita Karki ◽  
Sanjit Shrestha ◽  
Surakshya Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Burn Care ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Multiple Drugs

Background: Burn infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in spite of significant improvements in burn care and treatment. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp., Staphylococcus aureus etc. are the commonest isolates in which rapid development of resistance to multiple drugs limits the therapeutic options for infections by Acinetobacter species. Hence, this study was done to find the occurrence of Acinetobacter and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of tigecycline against Acinetobacter isolates. Methods:  This cross-sectional study was conducted in Phect-Nepal Hospital, Kirtipur, Nepal from September to December 2018. Total 205 samples were included for the isolation and identification of Acinetobacter and further minimum inhibitory concentration of isolates were done following the standard laboratory protocol. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 23.0. Results: Among 155 culture positive samples, 27 isolates were Acinetobacter spp.  Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test revealed that 24 isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone and ceftazidime, but all isolates were susceptible to polymyxin B. For tigecycline, 19 isolates were resistant through dis diffusion test while 20 isolates cross the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration value from E test. The reliability of the E-test and disc diffusion was 0.920, which represent strong agreement between E- test and dis diffusion test. Conclusions: Tigecycline resistance is presenting as serious problem to the management of infection caused by Acinetobacter species. Therefore, minimum inhibitory concentration for the detection of resistance should be included in routine laboratory diagnosis. Keywords: Acinetobacter spp.; AST; burn; MIC; tigecycline

scholarly journals Activity of solvent extracts of Prosopis spicigera, Zingiber officinale and Trachyspermum ammi against multidrug resistant bacterial and fungal strains

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (05) ◽  
pp. 292-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosina Khan ◽  
Mohammad Zakir ◽  
Sadul H Afaq ◽  
Abdul Latif ◽  
Asad U Khan
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Trachyspermum Ammi ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Study Results

Background: The emerging trends of multidrug resistance among several groups of microorganisms against different classes of antibiotics led different researchers to develop efficient drugs from plant sources to counter multidrug resistant strains. This study investigated different solvent extracts of Prosopis spicigera (P. Spicigera), Zingiber officinale, and Trachyspermum ammi (T. ammi) to determine their efficacy against multidrug resistant microbes. Methodology: Successive extractions of these plants were performed using a Soxhlet apparatus, using solvents with increasing polarities. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was also performed .Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by a two-fold serial dilution method followed by determination of minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration. Multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Escherichia coli and reference strains of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus bovis were used in the study. Results: The ethanolic fraction of P. spicigera (least minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] - 4.88 µg/ml) demonstrated a remarkable inhibition of the microorganisms while fractions obtained from those of Zingiber officinale (least MIC-78.125 µg/ml) exhibited little activity. The petroleum ether fraction of T. ammi (least MIC- 625 µg/ml) showed best activity when compared to its other fractions. Qualitative analysis of the phytoconstituents was also performed. Conclusions: The potency shown by these extracts recommends their use against multidrug resistant microorganisms. This study also showed that P. spicigera could be a potential source of new antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Acinetobacter species meningitis in children: a case series from Karachi, Pakistan

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 809-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Faisal Saleem ◽  
Muhammad Shafaat Shah ◽  
Abdul Sattar Shaikh ◽  
Fatima Mir ◽  
Anita K M Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
External Ventricular Drain ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Tertiary Care Medical Center

Introduction: Multidrug-resistant strains of Acinetobacter pose a serious therapeutic dilemma in hospital practice, particularly when they cause meningitis, as the few antimicrobial agents to which these isolates are susceptible have poor central nervous system (CNS) penetration.  Methodology: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical course and outcome of eight consecutive cases of meningitis due to Acinetobacter spp. in children ages 15 years or less, seen in a tertiary care medical center in Karachi, Pakistan. Results: Of the eight cases of Acinetobacter meningitis, isolates from five patients were pan-resistant, and two were multidrug-resistant. A neurosurgical procedure was performed in five of eight patients followed by external ventricular drain insertion prior to the development of infection. Seven received intravenous (IV) polymyxin (mean; 12.8 days), while 5/8 also received intrathecal (IT) polymyxin (mean; 12.0 days). The mean length of hospitalization was 38.7 ± 19 days. All patients achieved cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture negativity by the end of treatment (mean; 5.4 days). Two patients died: one with pan-resistant Acinetobacter, and the second with a multi-drug resistant isolate. Conclusion: Post-neurosurgical multidrug-resistant and pan-resistant Acinetobacter meningitis can be successfully treated if appropriate antimicrobial therapy is instituted early. The role of IT polymyxin B administration alone versus combination therapy (IV and IT) needs further study.  

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Tritrpticin Alone and in Combination with Other Antimicrobial Agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 3923-3925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Cirioni ◽  
Andrea Giacometti ◽  
Carmela Silvestri ◽  
Agnese Della Vittoria ◽  
Alberto Licci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Procoagulant Activity ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity

ABSTRACT The in vitro activity of the cathelicidin tritrpticin was investigated against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The isolates were susceptible to the peptide at concentrations of 0.50 to 8 mg/liter. Tritrpticin completely inhibits lipopolysaccharide procoagulant activity at a 10 μM concentration. Fractionary inhibitory concentration indexes (0.385, 0.312, and 0.458) demonstrated synergy between the peptide and β-lactams.

scholarly journals Cloning of Multidrug-Resistant Genes from Vibrio cholerae Non-O1 NCTC4716

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-139
Author(s):  
Anowara Begum ◽  
Teruo Kuroda ◽  
Tomofusa Tsuchiya
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Cloning Method ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
Resistant Strains

Both clinical and environmental multidrug-resistant strains of Vibrio cholerae (O1 and non-O1) have been reported from different parts of the world. In this study, we have cloned twenty-five genes associated drug resistance in Vibrio cholerae non-O1 NCTC4716 using shotgun cloning method. All of the cloned genes were introduced and expressed in a drug hypersusceptible host Escherichia coli KAM32. We observed elevated minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of various antimicrobial agents such as fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, ethidium bromide and others in all transformants. Keywords: Vibrio cholerae, Drug resistance, Drug-resistant genes, Cloning, Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v23i2.879 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 23, Number 2, December 2006, pp 137-139

scholarly journals New Mechanism of Magnolol and Honokiol from Magnolia officinalis against Staphylococcus aureus

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Liu ◽  
Yalin Pan ◽  
Renfu Lai
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cell Division Protein ◽  
Magnolia Officinalis

Cell division protein, FtsZ, has been identified as a new potential antimicrobial target against multidrug-resistant (MDR) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). By using computer-aided simulation, the phenolic compounds magnolol and honokiol from Magnolia officinalis were shown to have high anchor energies to FtsZ of S.aureus. The calculated binding energies of magnolol and honokiol for this FtsZ (PDB Code: 4DXD) were established to be −7.6 kcal/mol and −8.2 kcal/mol, respectively. Both of them showed polymerization inhibition efficacy for this FtsZ at 100 ppm, which confirmed the simulation results. Their antibacterial activity against S. aureus including multidrug-resistant (MDR) and methicillin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA) with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the range of 8–16 ppm. These findings support the use of computer-aided simulation to screen natural compounds for this cell division protein, FtsZ, and this method can be a quick and promising approach for the development of antimicrobial agents against multi-drug resistant S. aureus.

scholarly journals High antibiotic resistance and mortality with Acinetobacter species in a tertiary hospital, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
M. Mahto ◽  
M. Chaudhary ◽  
A. Shah ◽  
K. L. Show ◽  
F. L. Moses ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acinetobacter Species

SETTING: Nepal Mediciti Hospital, Bhainsepati, Lalitpur, NepalOBJECTIVES: To determine antimicrobial resistance patterns, and the number and proportion of multidrug-resistant (MDR-) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR-) cases among all patients with Acinetobacter isolates between September 2018 and September 2019.DESIGN: This was a hospital laboratory-based, cross-sectional studyRESULTS: Acinetobacter spp. (n = 364) were more common in respiratory (n = 172, 47.3%) and invasive samples such as blood, body fluids (n = 95, 26.1%). Sensitivity to AWaRe (Access, Watch and Reserve) Group antibiotics (tigecycline, polymyxin B, colistin) remained high. MDR (resistance to at least three classes of antimicrobial agents) (n = 110, 30.2%) and XDR (MDR plus carbapenem) (n = 87, 23.9%) isolates were most common in the Watch Group of antibiotics and found in respectively 99 (31.0%) and 78 (24.5%) patients (n = 319). Infected patients were more likely to be aged >40 years (n = 196, 61.4%) or inpatients (n = 191, 59.9%); 76 (23.8%) patients had an unfavourable outcome, including death (n = 59, 18.5%).CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of MDR and XDR isolates was found; nearly one patient in five died. Robust hospital infection prevention and control measures (particularly for respiratory and invasive procedures) and routine surveillance are needed to reduce infections and decrease the mortality rate. Tigecycline, polymyxin B and colistin should be cautiously used only in MDR and XDR cases.

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