Who are people charged with rape in Croatian: The forensic psychiatric evaluation of people charged with rape

Introduction: Sexual violence is a substantial public health problem that is associated with a major impact on victims, and in Croatia, more than half of reported cases of sexual violence involve rape. To help understand their general profiles and consider any implications arising, the aim of this research was to describe the forensic psychiatric characteristics of people charged with rape. Methods: All evaluations of people charged with rape and sent for evaluation at the largest assessment centre in Croatia during the period 2010–2018 were analysed ( n = 56). Results: Alleged offences most often took place in a perpetrator or victim's home (71%), while the next most frequent location was the street (15%). Over 80% of alleged victims were known to the accused. Alcohol use and abuse were present in 73% of the accused, and 29% were drinking at the time of the alleged offence. Alcohol-related disorders were presented in 38% of the accused, while 38% had a personal history of drug use, and antisocial and narcissistic personality disorders were present in 48% and 29%, respectively. Psychotic disorders were rare (1.8%). Most of the accused were found to be criminally responsible; however, forensic psychiatric assessment procedures were inadequate when considering psychosexual assessments. Conclusions: Interventions based around public health and education should be considered in this field, and forensic psychiatric assessments should be prioritized for improvement.

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PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM IN THE HISTORY OF RUSSIAN SOCIOLOGY

The Journal of scientific articles Health and Education millennium ◽

10.26787/nydha-2226-7425-2017-19-3-155-159 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 155-159

Author(s):

I.E. Levchenko ◽

◽

A.Y. Kuznetsov ◽

E.G. Korniltseva ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Problem ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

History Of

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An epidemiological study of the prevalence and determinants of overweight and obesity in women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years) group in an urban slum

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211774 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 2460

Author(s):

Pratibha U. Mulik ◽

Sudam R. Suryawanshi

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Urban Slum ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Health Concern ◽

Age Group ◽

History Of

Background: After comparing data of NFHS-3 and 4, prevalence of overweight and obesity in women of an urban population almost doubled in 10 yr. So, the causes of increasing prevalence need to be studied as public health concern. Objective of the study is to determine prevalence of overweight and obesity among reproductive age group (15-49 years) of women in an urban slum of Mumbai.Methods: Total 220 women were selected among 11 sectors from A to K by simple random method and data collected by using validated questionnaire. WHO’s classification was used to classify as overweight and obese.Results: Out of 220 women participated in study, 14 (6.36%) were obese, 75 (34.09%) were overweight according to BMI and 17 (7.7%) were found to be obese according to waist to hip ratio. From the present study it was seen that age group of the women, socio economic class, education, history of hypothyroidism, family history of obesity, types of work women do, hours of television watching, calorie and fat intake, had a significant relationship with BMI, whereas physical exercise they used to do and tendency to sleep in the afternoon and hours of sleep in the night had non-significant relationship with BMI.Conclusions: Obesity and overweight is found to be a growing public health problem and can be preventable. Interventional measures include developing healthy eating habits, regular moderate physical exercise, sleeping habits, health camps for screening of overweight and obesity.

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Prevalence of some hepatitis B virus markers among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Specialist Hospital Sokoto Nigeria

Human Antibodies ◽

10.3233/hab-200412 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 233-243

Author(s):

O. Erhabor ◽

S.Y. Mohammad ◽

L. Bello ◽

F.U. Onuigwe ◽

Y. Abdulrahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Previous History ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Antenatal Clinic ◽

B Virus ◽

History Of ◽

Hepatitis B Virus Markers

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus infection is a global public health problem. The virus has infected more than one-third of the global population. It has been estimated that 360 million chronic carriers are living around the world with a high risk for developing cirrhosis, hepatic carcinoma and hepatic failure. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of some hepatitis B markers among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Sokoto Specialist Hospital, Nigeria. METHODS: The hepatitis testing was carried out using the Skytec-Rapid Diagnostic HBV-5 rapid kit (Skytec-Rapid Diagnostic, USA). The kit is based on lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay for the qualitative detection of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, and HBcAb in human serum or plasma. Panel format can conveniently test for five targets at once and utilizes all markers to help distinguish between acute and chronic infections. RESULTS: Out of 117 pregnant women tested, 15 were positive for HBsAg (12.8%), 6 positive for HBsAb (5.1%), 1 for HBeAg (0.9%), 14 tested positive for HBeAb (12.0%), and 14 tested for HBcAb (12.0%). The prevalence of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was compared based on ethnicity. HBsAb was significantly higher among the Hausa ethnic group (p= 0.001). The prevalence of HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was not affected by ethnicity (p> 0.05). The prevalence of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was compared based on age. Infection by the hepatitis B virus markers was higher among young adult and middle age groups. The difference was however not statistically significant (p> 0.05). The prevalence of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was compared based on the educational status, previous history of blood transfusion, jaundice, employment status and previous history of still births among the pregnant subjects. There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus markers (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: The study observed a high prevalence of various hepatitis B viral markers among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Specialist Hospital Sokoto. There is need for routine screening of all pregnant women and infants born to hepatitis B positive mothers. Government and non-governmental organizations should intensify efforts to enlighten the general population on the public health importance of the disease and the importance of hepatitis screening. There is also need for the development of a treatment protocol for the management of pregnant women positive for hepatitis B to prevent mother to child transmission. There is an urgent need for the implementation of evidenced-based best practice of providing universal vaccination against hepatitis B for all hepatitis B negative women of child bearing age in particular and all Nigerians in general.

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Reproductive and Obstetric Factors Are Key Predictors of Maternal Anemia during Pregnancy in Ethiopia: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey (2011)

Anemia ◽

10.1155/2015/649815 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Taddese Alemu ◽

Melaku Umeta

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Health Survey ◽

Health Problem ◽

Previous History ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Under Five ◽

History Of ◽

Anemia During Pregnancy

Anemia is a major public health problem worldwide. In Ethiopia, a nationally representative and consistent evidence is lacking on the prevalence and determinants during pregnancy. We conducted an in-depth analysis of demographic and health survey for the year 2011 which is a representative data collected from all regions in Ethiopia. Considering maternal anemia as an outcome variable, predicting variables from sociodemographic, household, and reproductive/obstetric characteristics were identified for analyses. Logistic regression model was applied to identify predictors atP<0.05. The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was 23%. Maternal age, region, pregnancy trimester, number of under five children, previous history of abortion (termination of pregnancy), breastfeeding practices, and number of antenatal care visits were key independent predictors of anemia during pregnancy. In conclusion, the level of anemia during pregnancy is a moderate public health problem in Ethiopia. Yet, special preventive measures should be undertaken for pregnant women who are older in age and having too many under five children and previous history of abortion. Further evidence is expected to be generated concerning why pregnant mothers from the eastern part of the country and those with better access to radio disproportionately develop anemia more than their counterparts.

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Risk factors related to childbirth in El Salvador

ALERTA Revista Científica del Instituto Nacional de Salud ◽

10.5377/alerta.v2i2.7922 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 144-152

Author(s):

Fátima Larisa Chavarría Rodríguez

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

El Salvador ◽

Multiple Pregnancy ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Clinical History ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

Prevalence Ratios

Introduction. Preterm birth is a public health problem, considered a high risk factor for morbidity, disability and neonatal mortality. Objective. Characterize risk factors related to preterm birth in El Salvador. Methodology. Analytical cross-sectional study of risk factors related to preterm birth, in women who received childbirth care in the national public health system, during 2017. Data was obtained from the Perinatal Information System. 44 891 cases were analyzed. Qualitative variables were analyzed through absolute values and frequencies, and the quantitative variables, through absolute values, frequency and central tendency measures, using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 24 program. The analysis of relation of variables, was performed with the Epidat version 3.1 program, through the calculation of prevalence ratios (PR) and the calculation of Odds Ratio (OR), both analysis with a 95% confidence interval and a value of p <0.05. Results. 9.5% of the deliveries attended were preterm. The risk analysis through the calculation of prevalence ratios showed that women with a multiple pregnancy were 14 times more likely to have a preterm birth. Preterm birth was 4.7 times more frequent in women with a clinical history of diabetes mellitus and 2.4 times more frequent, with a history of high blood pressure. Conclusions. Women who have a multiple pregnancy and pregnant women with a clinical history of chronic diseases, and an obstetric history of preeclampsia, are more likely to have a preterm birth. Likewise, obesity and inadequate age for pregnancy, mainly women over 35 years, are also related to preterm birth.

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THE MODEL OF FORENSIC PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION OF ABILITY TO REALIZE THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THEIR ACTIONS AND GOVERNE THEM BY PERSONS WHO HAVE COMMITED SEXUAL OFFENSES

Criminalistics and Forensics ◽

10.33994/kndise.2019.64.80 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 844-850

Author(s):

O. Kozeratska

Keyword(s):

Assessment Model ◽

Psychiatric Evaluation ◽

City Center ◽

Sexual Crimes ◽

Psychiatric Examination ◽

Sexual Offenses ◽

Criminal Offenses ◽

The Subject ◽

Forensic Psychiatric ◽

Forensic Psychiatric Assessment

The article gives the results of scientific research conducted within the framework of the doctoral thesis “Forensic psychiatric evaluation of persons who have committed sexual criminal offenses”. For the purposes of the study the author analyzed 287 cases of forensic psychiatric examinations regarding the subject, who committed the sexual offense and were at the forensic psychiatric examination in Kiev city center forensic psychiatric examination in 2000 to 2015 (16 years old). The study revealed the criteria of «limited responsibility» for the perpetrators of sexual crimes, offered a forensic psychiatric assessment model for ability to understand their actions and to govern them in individuals who have committed sexual offenses. Key words: forensic psychiatric examination, responsibility – limited responsibility – irresponsibility, sexual offenses.

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Incomplete homicide-suicide in Hunan China from 2010 to 2019: characteristics of surviving perpetrators

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03574-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Qiaoling Sun ◽

Jiansong Zhou ◽

Huijuan Guo ◽

Ningzhi Gou ◽

Ruoheng Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depression ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Predisposing Factor ◽

Psychological Conditions ◽

Common Diagnosis ◽

Mental Problems ◽

History Of ◽

Forensic Psychiatric ◽

Forensic Psychiatric Assessment

Abstract Background The mental and psychological conditions of the individuals involved in homicide followed by suicide (H-S) are still unclear, especially in China. Information on these aspects cannot be accurately obtained due to the death of perpetrators. This study aims to demonstrate the characteristics of incomplete H-S with surviving perpetrators, which provide the possibility to obtain detailed mental and psychological information. Methods This study explores incomplete H-S events occurred in Hunan, China from 2010 to 2019, in which the surviving perpetrators received a forensic psychiatric assessment. Three aspects of information, i.e., the subject’s demographic, clinical and criminal information, were recorded and analysed. Results 125 incomplete H-S incidents involved 166 victims were found in the current study. A total of 112 (89.6%) perpetrators were diagnosed with mental disorders, but only 56 of them had a history of consultation due to mental problems, and only one of them adhered to treatment. In most cases, the motivation is related to the psychopathological states, with the most common diagnosis being major depression, followed by schizophrenia. Gender difference was significant among the subjects: females were more likely to have a suicidal history, to be diagnosed as major depression and to be motivated by delirious altruism and family problems. Conclusions This study indicated that psychopathology might be a predisposing factor, which highlighted the importance of mental state assessment for the population involved in incomplete H-S. A clearer understanding of the role of mental disorders might be helpful for the intervention of H-S.

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The Prevalence of Risk Factors for the Development of Bacteraemia in Children

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2018.418 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. 2023-2029 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sayed Yousef Mojtahedi ◽

Aliakbar Rahbarimanesh ◽

Leila Khedmat ◽

Anahita Izadi

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Severe Sepsis ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽

Blood Cultures ◽

The Other ◽

History Of

AIM: The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of risk factors for bacteremia in children less than 15 years of age was determined in Bahrami Hospital during 2013-2016. METHODS: This study conducted on 84 children aged 3 months’ to15 years old, who hospitalised in the pediatrics ward and the PICU in Bahrami Hospital from 2012 to 2016. Our study consisted of 46 boys (54.2%) and 38 girls. Moreover, 24.1% of subjects (20 patients) were entered in the study as young as three months old, followed by three months to three years (49.4 %; 41 subjects), and 3 to 15 years of age (26.5%; 22 individuals). RESULTS: The average hospitalization duration was determined to be 15.30 ± 8.75 days. Moreover, our results revealed that a history of blood transfusion in 11.2% of patients. On the other hand, 35.7% of cases were determined to be positive for blood cultures. The microorganisms reported from positive blood cultures include Enterobacter (81.48%), Escherichia coli (11.11%) and Klebsiella (3.70%). Also, 50% of patients were hospitalised in the internal ward, 12% received immunosuppressive drugs, and 96.4% of the patients had a history of vaccination. CONCLUSION: Pediatric severe sepsis remains a burdensome public health problem, with prevalence, morbidity, and mortality rates similar to those reported in critically ill adult populations. International clinical trials targeting children with severe sepsis are warranted.

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Hepatitis B Knowledge, Testing, and Vaccination History among Undergraduate Public Health Students in Ghana

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/7645106 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eric Osei ◽

John Niyilapah ◽

Gregory Kofi Amenuvegbe

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vaccination History ◽

History Of ◽

Undergraduate Public Health

Background. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious public health problem in many parts of the world. The risk of acquiring the infection through exposure to blood, semen, and other bodily fluids is highest among health care workers (HCW) including trainees. Ghana is considered a high risk country for HBV; however little is known about the knowledge and prevention practices of the infection in the country. This study assessed the knowledge, testing, and vaccination history of HBV and their related factors among undergraduate public health students of University of Health and Allied Sciences in Ghana. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 226 students using a pretested questionnaire to assess Hepatitis B knowledge, testing, and vaccination history of the students. We performed logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between Hepatitis B testing and vaccination history and participants’ characteristics. Data was analysed using Stata Version 12. Results. Majority 169 (73.9%) of the 226 participants studied had moderate knowledge regarding HBV infection. About half 114 (50.4%) of them had never been tested for HBV infection, and 100 (44.2%) had received at least a single dose of Hepatitis B vaccine. The completed vaccination rate among the students was 30.5%. Students in their 2nd year (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 3.13; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.13, 7.52; p<0.011) and those with moderate (AOR: 4.76; 95% CI; 1.35, 16.82; P=0.015) and good (AOR: 5.40; 95% CI: 1.31, 22.36; P=0.020) level of knowledge were more likely to be tested for HBV. With regard to vaccination, females (AOR: 1.85; 95%CI: 1.04-3.29; P=0.037) and regular students (AOR: 0.37; 95%CI: 0.19, 0.70; p=0.002) were associated with receiving the full dose of Hepatitis B vaccine. Conclusion. This study highlights the urgent need for continued health education on HBV infection and strategies that ensure that health trainees are screened and fully vaccinated against the infection to prevent potential future exposure to the virus. The students’ representative council can organize free HBV testing and vaccination for all fresh students.

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