scholarly journals The Prevalence of Risk Factors for the Development of Bacteraemia in Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 2023-2029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Yousef Mojtahedi ◽  
Aliakbar Rahbarimanesh ◽  
Leila Khedmat ◽  
Anahita Izadi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Severe Sepsis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
The Other ◽  
History Of

AIM: The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of risk factors for bacteremia in children less than 15 years of age was determined in Bahrami Hospital during 2013-2016. METHODS: This study conducted on 84 children aged 3 months’ to15 years old, who hospitalised in the pediatrics ward and the PICU in Bahrami Hospital from 2012 to 2016. Our study consisted of 46 boys (54.2%) and 38 girls. Moreover, 24.1% of subjects (20 patients) were entered in the study as young as three months old, followed by three months to three years (49.4 %; 41 subjects), and 3 to 15 years of age (26.5%; 22 individuals). RESULTS: The average hospitalization duration was determined to be 15.30 ± 8.75 days. Moreover, our results revealed that a history of blood transfusion in 11.2% of patients. On the other hand, 35.7% of cases were determined to be positive for blood cultures. The microorganisms reported from positive blood cultures include Enterobacter (81.48%), Escherichia coli (11.11%) and Klebsiella (3.70%). Also, 50% of patients were hospitalised in the internal ward, 12% received immunosuppressive drugs, and 96.4% of the patients had a history of vaccination. CONCLUSION: Pediatric severe sepsis remains a burdensome public health problem, with prevalence, morbidity, and mortality rates similar to those reported in critically ill adult populations. International clinical trials targeting children with severe sepsis are warranted.

scholarly journals Risk factors related to childbirth in El Salvador

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
Fátima Larisa Chavarría Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Introduction. Preterm birth is a public health problem, considered a high risk factor for morbidity, disability and neonatal mortality. Objective. Characterize risk factors related to preterm birth in El Salvador. Methodology. Analytical cross-sectional study of risk factors related to preterm birth, in women who received childbirth care in the national public health system, during 2017. Data was obtained from the Perinatal Information System. 44 891 cases were analyzed. Qualitative variables were analyzed through absolute values and frequencies, and the quantitative variables, through absolute values, frequency and central tendency measures, using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 24 program. The analysis of relation of variables, was performed with the Epidat version 3.1 program, through the calculation of prevalence ratios (PR) and the calculation of Odds Ratio (OR), both analysis with a 95% confidence interval and a value of p <0.05. Results. 9.5% of the deliveries attended were preterm. The risk analysis through the calculation of prevalence ratios showed that women with a multiple pregnancy were 14 times more likely to have a preterm birth. Preterm birth was 4.7 times more frequent in women with a clinical history of diabetes mellitus and 2.4 times more frequent, with a history of high blood pressure. Conclusions. Women who have a multiple pregnancy and pregnant women with a clinical history of chronic diseases, and an obstetric history of preeclampsia, are more likely to have a preterm birth. Likewise, obesity and inadequate age for pregnancy, mainly women over 35 years, are also related to preterm birth.

scholarly journals Suicide, A Public Health Problem in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cecília de Souza Minayo ◽  
Camila Alves Bahia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
World Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization

This text focuses on the situation of suicide in Brazil, defines and quantifies information, and presents a description of the main risk factors, as well as a reflection on the phenomenon and the possibilities for prevention. Fatal suicide is a serious public health problem. In 2012, 172 member states of the World Health Organization registered 804,000 self-inflicted deaths, representing an annual rate of 11.4/100,000, of which 15/100,000 men and 8.0/100,000 women. Consummate suicide rates are unevenly distributed globally, within countries, according to sex and according to age groups. The mortality rate is highest in Asia (17.7/100 thousand inhabitants), followed in Europe (12/100 thousand inhabitants). The Americas have a mortality rate of 7.3/100 thousand inhabitants (WHO, 2014). In Brazil, with an unevenly distributions between the regions, gender and ages, the total rate is 4.5/100,000. In the country and everywhere, risk factors are classified as medical, psychiatric and psychological, micro social, social and environmental. The history of the occurrence of suicides shows that it is possible to prevent them and to reduce the incidence rates. This requires investment in local diagnostics and multidisciplinary action. Given the delicacy of the problem and the taboos that surround it, the protection network for people at risk for suicide needs to be constantly in the process of training and taking action. As national and international surveys show, at least two-thirds of the individuals who tried or committed suicide had somehow communicated to friends, family, acquaintances or health professionals their intention to kill themselves.

scholarly journals High Burden of Hypertension Among Adult Population in Rural Districts of Northwest Ethiopia: a Call for Community Based Intervention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Destaw Fetene Teshome ◽  
Shitaye Alemu Balcha ◽  
Tadesse Awoke Ayele ◽  
Asmamaw Atnafu ◽  
Mekonnen Sisay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension

Abstract Background: Estimating prevalence and identifying risk factors of hypertension are paramount important to develop strategies to prevent hypertensive disease. Although, hypertension is a major public health problem in Ethiopia, there is scarcity of evidence in rural areas of the country. Hence, this study is aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among adult population in rural districts of northwest Ethiopia.Methods: Community based cross sectional study was conducted from June to October, 2020. Multistage cluster sampling technique was used to select 1177 study participants. A face to face interview was conducted using an adapted version of the WHO STEPwise approach questionnaire. The blood pressure was measured three times using aneroid sphygmomanometer and the mean of the last two readings were used for the analysis. Data were entered using Epidata and analyzed using STAT-14. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with hypertension.Results: Of the total participants, 218(18.5%) were found to be hypertensive. The prevalence of hypertension consistently increased with age. Hypertension was positively and significantly associated with female sex ((adjusted odd ratio (AOR)=2.30, 95% CI: 1.53, 3.45)), age group 45-54 years (AOR=4.63, 95% CI: 1.01, 21.37), 55-64 years (AOR=14.40, 95% CI: 3.07, 67.63), ³65 years (AOR=19.37, 95% CI: 4.03, 93.09), having history of alcohol consumption (AOR=3.25, 95% CI: 1.17, 9.02), used much amount of salt (AOR=2.37, 95% CI: 1.53, 3.60), used too much amount of salt (AOR=3.78, 95% CI: 1.85, 7.72), sleeping for a short duration (AOR=2.05, 95%CI: 1.30, 3.24), and having Family history of hypertension (AOR=2.12, 95% CI; 1.32, 3.39). Conclusions: Hypertension was significantly high among the rural population we studied and is emerging as a public health problem in rural areas. Female sex, older age, ever used alcohol, used much and too much amount of salt, inadequate sleep, and family history of hypertension were factors positively and significantly associated with hypertension. We recommend local health authorities integrate promotion of hypertension health education, lifestyle modification intervention on salt and alcohol reduction, and hypertension detection particularly for female and elderly population at health post level to avert the problem.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Suicide and Para Suicide in Rural Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Selim Reza ◽  
A H M Feroz ◽  
SM Nurul Islam ◽  
Md. Nazmul Karim ◽  
Md. Golam Rabbani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Suicidal Attempt ◽  
The Family ◽  
Suicidal Attempts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Background: Suicide is a public health problem too often neglected by researchers, health policy makers and the medical profession. In the year 2000, approximately one million people died of suicide which represents a global mortality rate of 16 per 100,000. According to WHO estimates for the year 2020 and based on current trends approximately 1.53 million people will die from suicide and 10-20 times more people will attempt suicide worldwide. This represents on average 1 death per 20 seconds and 1 attempt every 1-2 seconds. No nationwide survey on suicidal risk factors has yet been conducted in Bangladesh. Reports from police records, Media, court, hospitals and the focused study on selected population indicate that suicide is a public health problem in Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to unearth the potential risk factors of suicide or suicidal attempts and to assess psychiatric illness, non psychiatric co-morbidity, individual’s behavioral and physical factor, familial risk factors and socio-demographic risk factors of suicide and its attempts. Study Design and Setting: A case control study was carried out by members of the Department of Medicine, Shaheed Suhrawardi Medical College and Hospital at Mominpur,Haowlee and Jibonnagar unions under three Upazilla of district Chuadanga,. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 16. Results: A total 230 subjects (113 cases and 117 controls) were interviewed. Mean age among cases was 29.6±12.8 years and controls were 29.7±12.9 years.Majority of the participants, 65.5% of cases and 63.2% of controls were aged between 20-39 years. Among cases 38.9% were male and among the controls 42.7% were male.Among cases 30.1% and among controls 27.4% had less than 4 family members. More than half of the participants, among cases (58.4%) and among controls (55.6%) had between 4- 6 members in the family. Economic status was also similar in two groups.Problem of love affair (OR 5.2), Personal problem (OR 11.9), Feeling of economic hardship (OR 2.4) appeared to have statistically significant association with suicidal attempt. Problem with relatives (OR 3.8), death of near relative (OR 0.9) and poor academic performance (OR 1.6) didn’t appear to have any association with risk of suicidal attempt. History of chronic disease (OR 2.9) showed statistically significant association but long term physical disability (OR 4.4) and physical problems didn’t appear to have any significant association with suicidal attempt. History of suicidal attempt by any relative (OR 4.2) and previous attempt to suicide (OR 7.4) appeared as highly significant factor for suicide. Not being reared by biological parents (OR 3.2), marital disharmony (OR 4.0), Conflict within the family (OR 6.9) appeared to be strongly associated with suicidal attempts. Suicidal attempts of participants were significantly associated with sleeping disturbance (OR 2.3), uncertainty about future (7.2), impulsivity (OR 13.8), and history of criminal behavior (OR 2.1). Conclusion: Case control study on the risk factors of suicide in rural area of South-West Bangladesh revealed that the married female especially the younger age from unitary family of low income group are more vulnerable to commit suicide or parasuicide. Several emotional factors, presence of chronic diseases, familial suicidal predisposition, individual factor and mental state, premorbid persionality and psychiatric syndrome appeared to have significant association with suicidal attempts. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v14i2.19653 J Medicine 2013, 14(2): 123-129

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Sickle Cell Disease in the Province of Quebec: Morbidity and Mortality Rates Derived from the Provincial Registry

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 4064-4064
Author(s):  
Mathias Castonguay ◽  
Nawar Dakhallah ◽  
Marie-Laure Colaiacovo ◽  
Camille Jimenez-Cortes ◽  
Justin Desroches ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
History Of

Abstract Introduction Approximately 1500 people live with sickle cell disease (SCD) in the province of Quebec, Canada. Public health has recognized these patients as immunocompromised. SCD patients may be at higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 infection due to their underlying pro-inflammatory and thrombogenic state, splenic dysfunction and secondary organopathies. Descriptions about disease severity and mortality rates in SCD vary widely. From the SECURE-SCD registry, Mucalo et al. recently reported a 0.3% and 4.7% mortality rate in children and adults, respectively. In the French registry, Arlet and colleagues reported a 2.4% death rate among those hospitalized with COVID-19 and SCD, not different from the general population. As a result, the COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates among the SCD population remain uncertain. Objectives The primary objectives of our study are to describe the epidemiology, baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of SCD patients with COVID-19 infection in the province of Quebec. In addition, we aim to identify risk factors for hospitalization and severe forms of COVID-19. Methods We built a web-based SCD-COVID-19 registry regrouping 7 adult and 4 paediatric tertiary care hospitals in the province of Quebec in June 2020. All SCD patients with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by PCR test were included in the study. We compared the prevalence of infection and hospitalization rates of SCD patients to the general population of Quebec using the epidemiological data from the INSPQ (National Institute of Public Health of Quebec) public database. We retrospectively analyzed data included between March 11, 2020 to March 1, 2021. Relative risk was calculated using bilateral association measures (exact fisher, mid-p or chi-squared tests, as appropriate) to compare the incidence of infection and hospitalization of SCD patients to the population of Quebec and to assess risk factors of hospitalization among SCD patients. Results During the first 12 months of the pandemic, 74 patients were included in the registry. The male to female ratio was 1:1.12. Median age was 23 years, ranging from 8 months to 68 years old. SS-Sbeta 0 genotypes were present in 51% of cases, while 49% were SC or Sbeta +. The majority of patients were on disease modifying therapy: 54% were on hydroxyurea and 17.5% on exchange transfusion therapy. The incidence of reported COVID-19 infection was significantly higher in SCD patients compared to the general population (4.9% vs. 3.5% p=0,002) (Table 1). Even more strikingly, SCD had rate of hospitalization 10-times greater than the general population (33.8 vs 3.2%, p&lt;0,001). Nevertheless, the risk of admission to the intensive care unit was similar between SCD patients and the general population (24.0% vs. 24.1%, p=0.99). No death was recorded amongst SCD patients with COVID-19 compared to a death rate in the general population in Quebec of less than 70 years old of 48-78 for 100 000 infections (male-female). A history of acute chest syndrome (ACS) in the last year (OR 2.6 [1.5-4.6], p=0.04) and arterial hypertension (OR 3.3 [2.3-4.8], p=0.01) were associated with a higher risk of hospitalization (Table 2). On the other hand, there was no statistically significant association with age, sex, genotype, ABO blood group, baseline SCD therapy, or other comorbidities (chronic renal disease, obesity, pulmonary hypertension, chronic lung disease and previous admission to ICU) in our cohort. Conclusions Similar to other reports, we found that SCD patients were at much greater risk of hospitalization compared to the general population. We however found no increased risk of mortality or disease complication. This contrasts with results from other registries. A history of ACS and hypertension were associated with a higher risk of hospitalization. Whether social determinants of health could explain some of the outcome variability between different countries merit further investigation. Furthermore, we believe that registries are critical to monitor the impact of preventive measures. As vaccination is ongoing, it will be important to consider its impact on hospitalization and death rate among SCD population. Recruitment to the registry is ongoing and updated data will be presented at the meeting. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Soulieres: BMS: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Research Funding. Forté: Novartis: Honoraria; Canadian Hematology Society: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding.

Substance Abuse and Drug-Related Death, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide: A Review

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Mino ◽  
Arnaud Bousquet ◽  
Barbara Broers
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hiv Epidemic

The high mortality rate among drug users, which is partly due to the HIV epidemic and partly due to drug-related accidental deaths and suicides, presents a major public health problem. Knowing more about prevalence, incidence, and risk factors is important for the development of rational preventive and therapeutic programs. This article attempts to give an overview of studies of the relations between substance abuse, suicidal ideation, suicide, and drug-related death. Research in this field is hampered by the absence of clear definitions, and results of studies are rarely comparable. There is, however, consensus about suicidal ideation being a risk factor for suicide attempts and suicide. Suicidal ideation is also a predictor of suicide, especially among drug users. It is correlated with an absence of family support, with the severity of the psychosocial dysfunctioning, and with multi-drug abuse, but also with requests for treatment. Every clinical examination of a drug user, not only of those who are depressed, should address the possible presence of suicidal ideation, as well as its intensity and duration.

PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM IN THE HISTORY OF RUSSIAN SOCIOLOGY

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
I.E. Levchenko ◽  
◽  
A.Y. Kuznetsov ◽  
E.G. Korniltseva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Medication Error in Anaesthesia – A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Montosh Kumar Mondal ◽  
Beauty Rani Roy ◽  
Shibani Banik ◽  
Debabrata Banik
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medication Error ◽  
Medication Errors ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Medication error is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in medical profession . There is an increasing recognition that medication errors are causing a substantial global public health problem, as many result in harm to patients and increased costs to health providers.Anaesthesia is now safe and routine, yet anaesthetists are not immune from making medication errors and the consequences of their mistakes may be more serious than those of doctors in other specialties. Steps are being taken to determine the extent of the problem of medication error in anaesthesia. In this review, incidence, types, risk factors and preventive measures of the medication errors are discussed in detail.Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2014; 27(1): 31-35

scholarly journals An epidemiological study of the prevalence and determinants of overweight and obesity in women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years) group in an urban slum

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2460
Author(s):  
Pratibha U. Mulik ◽  
Sudam R. Suryawanshi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Age Group ◽  
History Of

Background: After comparing data of NFHS-3 and 4, prevalence of overweight and obesity in women of an urban population almost doubled in 10 yr. So, the causes of increasing prevalence need to be studied as public health concern. Objective of the study is to determine prevalence of overweight and obesity among reproductive age group (15-49 years) of women in an urban slum of Mumbai.Methods: Total 220 women were selected among 11 sectors from A to K by simple random method and data collected by using validated questionnaire. WHO’s classification was used to classify as overweight and obese.Results: Out of 220 women participated in study, 14 (6.36%) were obese, 75 (34.09%) were overweight according to BMI and 17 (7.7%) were found to be obese according to waist to hip ratio. From the present study it was seen that age group of the women, socio economic class, education, history of hypothyroidism, family history of obesity, types of work women do, hours of television watching, calorie and fat intake, had a significant relationship with BMI, whereas physical exercise they used to do and tendency to sleep in the afternoon and hours of sleep in the night had non-significant relationship with BMI.Conclusions: Obesity and overweight is found to be a growing public health problem and can be preventable. Interventional measures include developing healthy eating habits, regular moderate physical exercise, sleeping habits, health camps for screening of overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals PERSONAL HYGIENE AND ANTHELMINTIC CONSUMPTION IN PREVENTION OF ENTEROBIASIS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Ratna Muliawati ◽  
Mushidah Mushidah ◽  
Siti Musyarofah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Prevalence Odds Ratio

Background: Pinworm infection remains a global public health problem in Indonesia, with the highest prevalence in primary school–aged children. The government has made helminthiasis control efforts through annual deworming every six months, yet data on the enterobiasis prevalence and its risk factors are still limited. Purpose: This research aimed to determine the role of personal hygiene and anthelmintic or worm medicine consumption in the prevention of enterobiasis among primary school children. Methods: This research employed an analytic observational method with a cross-sectional design. The population used was primary school children in the Public Health Center (PHC) of Kaliwungu area, Kendal District, Central Java Province. The research sample was 150 students from first grade to third grade at 1 Primary Elementary School 1 Kutoharjo. The data sources were obtained from interviews of risk factors and perianal swab examinations. The data were analyzed by a chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of pinworm infection among primary school children remains high (37.33%). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that there are three determinant variables of pinworm infections: not washing hands with soap before eating (p < 0.01; Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR) = 6.47; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 2.87 < POR < 14.59); not washing hands with soap after defecation (p = 0.01; POR = 3.36; 95% CI = 1.40 < POR < 8.05); and not consuming anthelmintic drugs within the past six months (p = 0.03; POR = 2.43; 95% CI = 1.08 < POR < 5.50). Conclusion: Hand washing habits and annual deworming are important factors to prevent pinworm infections.

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