Migration in Europe

2006 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 36-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Barrell ◽  
Catherine Guillemineau ◽  
Iana Liadze
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Large Wave ◽  
New Member States ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Uk

Recent developments in the European Union have raised immigration as an issue, especially in the UK. There has been a large wave of migrants into the UK from Poland since its accession in 2004, and as Romania and Bulgaria are preparing to become members of the European Union on 1 January 2007, migration from the new member states to other EU countries has become even more a focus of attention. Concerns over potential immigration towards the old EU member states have been rising because the total population of Bulgaria and Romania is approximately 30 million, a similar size to Poland, and the standards of living in both countries are considerably lower than in the EU-15 member countries, or than in any of the current New Member States. Hence outward migration is more likely to be attractive. The scale of flows will depend upon any restrictions that might be imposed by other member states, but current estimates suggest that 2 million Romanians, for instance, are already at work in the core EU countries.

Mutual Trust between the Member States of the European Union and the United Kingdom after Brexit:

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radovan Malachta
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Mutual Trust ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
International Convention ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk

The paper follows up on the arguments introduced in the author’s article Mutual Trust as a Way to an Unconditional Automatic Recognition of Foreign Judgments. This paper, titled Mutual Trust between the Member States of the European Union and the United Kingdom after Brexit: Overview discusses, whether there has been a loss of mutual trust between the European Union and the United Kingdom after Brexit. The UK, similarly to EU Member States, has been entrusted with the area of recognition and enforcement of judgements thus far. Should the Member States decrease the level of mutual trust in relation to the UK only because the UK ceased to be part of the EU after 47 years? Practically overnight, more precisely, the day after the transitional period, should the Member States trust the UK less in the light of legislative changes? The article also outlines general possibilities that the UK has regarding which international convention it may accede to. Instead of going into depth, the article presents a basic overview. However, this does not prevent the article to answer, in addition to the questions asked above, how a choice of access to an international convention could affect the level of mutual trust between the UK and EU Member States.

scholarly journals Zero Endemic Cases of Wildlife Rabies (Classical Rabies Virus, RABV) in the European Union by 2020: An Achievable Goal

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robardet ◽  
Bosnjak ◽  
Englund ◽  
Demetriou ◽  
Martín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Eu

The elimination of rabies transmitted by Classical Rabies Virus (RABV) in the European Union (EU) is now in sight. Scientific advances have made it possible to develop oral vaccination for wildlife by incorporating rabies vaccines in baits for foxes. At the start of the 1980s, aerial distribution of vaccine baits was tested and found to be a promising tool. The EU identified rabies elimination as a priority, and provided considerable financial and technical resources to the infected EU Member States, allowing regular and large-scale rabies eradication programs based on aerial vaccination. The EU also provides support to non-EU countries in its eastern and south eastern borders. The key elements of the rabies eradication programs are oral rabies vaccination (ORV), quality control of vaccines and control of their distribution, rabies surveillance and monitoring of the vaccination effectiveness. EU Member States and non-EU countries with EU funded eradication programs counted on the technical support of the rabies subgroup of the Task Force for monitoring disease eradication and of the EU Reference Laboratory (EURL) for rabies. In 2018, eight rabies cases induced by classical rabies virus RABV (six in wild animals and two in domestic animals) were detected in three EU Member States, representing a sharp decrease compared to the situation in 2010, where there were more than 1500 cases in nine EU Member States. The goal is to reach zero cases in wildlife and domestic animals in the EU by 2020, a target that now seems achievable.

scholarly journals Partisan Complicity in Democratic Backsliding

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 117-140
Author(s):  
Fabio Wolkenstein
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
People's Party ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
European People’S Party ◽  
Ruling Party

Recent developments in Hungary and Poland have made democratic backsliding a major issue of concern within the European Union (EU). This article focuses on the secondary agents that facilitate democratic backsliding in Hungary and Poland: the European People’s Party (EPP), which has continually protected the Hungarian Fidesz government from EU sanctions, and the Hungarian ruling party Fidesz, which repeatedly promised to block any EU-level sanctions against Poland in the Council. The article analyses these agents’ behaviour as an instance of transnational complicity and passes a tentative judgment as to which of the two cases is normatively more problematic. The analysis has implications for possible countervailing responses to democratic backsliding within EU member states.

scholarly journals Impact of Brexit on voting power in Council of the European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-197
Author(s):  
Jakub Gábor
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Voting Power ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe United Kingdom has left the European Union on 31 January 2020. Discussions that preceded such a move were conducted in three dimensions: they pertained a post-Brexit relationship between the UK and EU, future conduct within the UK and the one within the EU. Whilst public discourse has been dominated by the first two, this paper approaches the third one – on how Brexit has affected relationships between remaining 27 EU Member States. Stemming from the calculation of Banzhaf indices, it assesses the impact of Brexit on the voting power of remaining Member States in the Council of the EU – arguably the most important body within the EU institutional architecture – and identifies which countries are going to record the most significant gains and losses in this respect.

The banking sector´s approach to the european union

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Mervart
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Eu

From the comparisons presented, it can be deduced that total assets in the Czech Banking sector are lower than is usual in EU member states. Although the concentration of assets in the Czech Banking sector is above average for the EU, the assets of our largest banks are still lower than those of the larger banks in comparable EU countries.

scholarly journals Administration of foreign trade advantages and restrictions as the basis of the strategy of the new EU member States

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Елена Горбатенко ◽  
Elena Gorbatenko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade Policy ◽  
Member States ◽  
New Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
New Eu Member States

This article analyzes the current aspects of the management of regional economic integration processes in the context of the entry of new member States into the largest integration grouping in the modern world economy – the European Union (EU). Some components of these processes are considered on the example of a number of European countries that joined the bloc at the stage of 2004-2013. The significant trends in the foreign trade policy of the European Union are identified.

scholarly journals The Volume and Dynamics of Domestic Expenditures on Research and Development in the European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-48
Author(s):  
Jerzy Baruk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
New Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Secondary Material ◽  
Efficient Management

AbstractIn the article, whose construction is of theoretical and empirical nature, the author attempted to achieve the following objectives: 1) identification and critical assessment of expenditures on research and development (GERD index), expressed in euro per inhabitant, incurred by statistical units concentrated in the sectors: business enterprises, government, higher education, private non-profit organizations and jointly in all sectors in countries members of the European Union. The level and dynamics of these expenditures are treated as an indirect measure of senior management’s involvement in creating R&D policy and efficient management in R&D phases; 2) an attempt to verify theses that R&D expenditures are variable and diversified in EU Member States, which indicates the lack of a rational R&D policy focused on the systematic generation of new knowledge materialized in innovations providing customers the expected value in a systemic way; 3) developing models of innovative R&D activities management. To develop the article, research methods are used, such as: critical-cognitive analysis of literature, statistical-comparative analysis of Eurostat’s empirical secondary material, projection method. The level of the GERD meter indicates a significant differentiation of R&D expenditure in individual sections of the analysis. The member states of the old EU had relatively higher outlays for this purpose compared to the new member states.

scholarly journals Why the EU-15 Maintains Higher CIT Rates than the New Member States?

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-120
Author(s):  
Andrzej Karpowicz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
New Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The European Union is not a homogenous area. This lack of homogeneity extends to taxes, which vary across jurisdictions. On average, Western Europe imposes significantly higher taxes on capital than New Member States, which joined the Community in 2004 and 2007. Often this fact is simply taken for granted. However, there are several arguments that can explain this variance. Although several of these arguments are well known and have been researched, they have not been assessed in combination, or used in a comparative analysis of corporate income tax (CIT) rates between EU member states. Because of interest in harmonizing CIT throughout the EU, the roots of divergent CIT is of particular and timely value. Therefore, this article we attempts to demonstrate the differences in CIT rates in the EU-15 and New Member States. In so doing the general characteristics of these country grouping is identified, and then discussed in the context of the taxation theory.

scholarly journals Real convergence of the European Union members states – evaluation attempt

Management ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 393-404
Author(s):  
Aleksander Grzelak ◽  
Marlena Kujaczyńska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Convergence ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
New Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Real Convergence ◽  
The Eu

Summary The key aim of the article is to verify the hypothesis concerning convergence in the economic development of the EU member states, which is reflected in evening out differences in the economic development level of the EU member states. New member states develop faster than old member states. In the light of the presented results, economic convergence of the member states seems not to be homogenous. Thus, it can be provisionally stated that progress has been recorded as regards convergence of the member states economies, in particular since 2007, although it needs to be emphasised that differences between them are still significant.

European Union: Integration, National, and European Identities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Croucher
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
National Integration ◽  
New Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Integration Of Immigrants ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Key Questions

The European Union (EU) is an economic, political, and social conglomeration of 28 member nations. These member nations work together via a system of supranational institutional and intergovernmental-negotiated treaties and decisions by member states. While the EU has been able to continue its development in various stages since the 1950s respectively, a key issue continually facing the EU has always been integration at different levels. Integration of new member states, integration of individuals and cultures within member states, and most recently integration of immigrants (newcomers of different designations) into the EU. While the EU has strict guidelines regarding the integration of new member states into the EU, no policies/procedures are in place regarding the integration of individuals into the EU. Issues of national sovereignty are critical to EU member states when discussing how to integrate newcomers. Most recently during the heightened wave of refugees entering the EU through its southern and eastern borders, the issue of how to integrate newcomers into the EU has come to the forefront of national and EU policymakers. Key questions facing the EU and its member states include: What are the national integration policies, and how do they differ? What is the future for the EU in response to increased legal, illegal, and irregular migration?

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