Summary and Appraisal

1974 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Capital Flows ◽  
National Level ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Real Value ◽  
Reconstruction Period ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

The managing director of the International Monetary Fund said recently that the world is facing ‘the most difficult combination of economic policy decisions since the reconstruction period following World War II’. It is unfortunate that action, so far, in the face of mounting inflation and balance of payments difficulties, has been at a national level rather than on the international level which the situation requires. In particular, there is still an urgent need to make concrete arrangements for dealing with the capital flows resulting from the rise in oil prices, and to offset the deflationary impact of the latter, while, unless aid is increased substantially, the plight of some developing countries will become increasingly desperate as the real value of existing aid flows is rapidly eroded by inflation, and as their oil bills fall due for payment. Nevertheless the restoration of oil supplies combined with the delay between the raising of prices and actual payments at the new rates seems to have induced an unwarranted mood of euphoria in the consuming countries in the first few months of this year.

Victory, Roosevelt’s Synthesis, and the Postwar World, 1944–1945

2020 ◽  
pp. 197-238
Author(s):  
David F. Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
United Nations ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
World War ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

The success of the D-Day landing on June 6, 1944 began the last stage of World War II that culminated in victory in Europe in May 1945 and Asia in August 1945. While Roosevelt did not live to see the final victories, his actions in 1944 and early 1945 shaped much of the postwar period. The month after the landings at Normandy beach, forty-four nations met at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire where they established the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank for Reconstruction and Development. In August, delegates from around the world gathered at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference in Washington to begin the establishment of the United Nations. In February, 1945, the Big Three met again at Yalta to plan for the end of the war, occupation of Germany, and postwar peace.

Epilogue

2019 ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Nancy Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Rockefeller Foundation ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
World War ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Many ◽  
A Site ◽  
The U.S

This epilogue addresses how David Whippy, Mary D. Wallis, and John B. Williams—as they pursued respect in different ways—became party to the many changes taking place in Fiji due to foreign influence. Whippy, Wallis, and Williams were all involved, in one way or another, in the U.S.–Fiji trade. In the twentieth century, new incentives enticed Americans to Fiji. American global activism and private development schemes involved Fiji as much as other places around the world, and medical aid and research sponsored by the Rockefeller Foundation and a Carnegie Library at Suva introduced new forms of American influence in the islands. World War II, of course, brought Americans to the islands in droves. However, the main avenue by which Americans would come to Fiji was through the third wave of economic development that succeeded the sugar plantations of colonial Fiji: tourism. Now that the face of Fiji presented to the rest of the world evokes pleasure instead of fear, references to the cannibal isles have become nothing more than a nostalgic nod to Fiji's past. Previously considered a site of American wealth production, the islands have now become a site of American consumption.

scholarly journals Tracking and analyzing recent developments in German-language online press in the face of the coronavirus crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-359
Author(s):  
Sascha Wolfer ◽  
Alexander Koplenig ◽  
Frank Michaelis ◽  
Carolin Müller-Spitzer
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
German Language ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Face

Abstract The coronavirus pandemic may be the largest crisis the world has had to face since World War II. It does not come as a surprise that it is also having an impact on language as our primary communication tool. In this short paper, we present three inter-connected resources that are designed to capture and illustrate these effects on a subset of the German language: An RSS corpus of German-language newsfeeds (with freely available untruncated frequency lists), a continuously updated HTML page tracking the diversity of the vocabulary in the RSS corpus and a Shiny web application that enables other researchers and the broader public to explore the corpus in terms of basic frequencies.

scholarly journals Corrupting International Organizations

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Raymond Vreeland
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vote Buying ◽  
World War ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Bretton Woods ◽  
The World ◽  
Bretton Woods Institutions ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

As the world turns against international institutions, this article reviews evidence of the corrupting of global organizations. The review focuses on three international organizations that emerged from World War II: the Bretton Woods institutions [the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank] and the United Nations (UN). The article explores evidence of major shareholders (mainly the United States) using the Bretton Woods institutions to funnel money and other favors to strategically preferred countries. Then the review discusses vote buying across a range of issues debated at the UN and finally turns to dark scholarship on the use of UN human rights institutions by autocratic states as a veil to violate those very rights. The article concludes that government pursuit of strategic objectives may be a necessary part of global cooperation, but scholarship should continue to delve into the micro foundations underlying the macro evidence presented here to better inform reformers on how to limit corrupting influences.

The Emerging Social Structure of the World

1975 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Inkeles
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
National Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World War ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Economic Control ◽  
The World ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Modern Era

An assessment of the forms in which, and tlie extent to which, the population of the entire world may be coming to participate in a coherent global social system may be made by crude measurement of variations in the degree of autarky, interconnectedness, dependence, interdependence, integration, hegemony, and convergence. In the recent modern era, we can show that interconnectedness has been rising at an exponential rate across numerous dimensions ranging from the exchange of students to world trade. Interdependence is also increasing, but less dramatically. The greater dependence of less developed countries is unmistakable, but integration has advanced very little in the period after World War II. In studying convergence we must differentiate among modes of production, institutional forms, patterns of social relations, the content of popular values, and systems of political and economic control, each of which may change at different speeds and even move in different directions. The argument that there is substantial convergence in political and economic forms at the national level may be seriously challenged. Marked convergence is widely prevalent, however, in the utilization of science, technology, and bureaucratic procedures, and in the consequent incorporation of whole populations into new social roles. These in turn induce new attitudes and values forming a widespread complex or syndrome identified as modern and postmodern. Countervailing tendencies are, however, evident and should be weighed.

THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF) IN THE INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-170
Author(s):  
Ana Vizjak
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
World Order ◽  
World War ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
The World ◽  
Military Victory ◽  
The Military ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

During the second half of World War II, when the military victory of the Allies could already be discerned, the leading world economists of the time initiated the creation of a new economic world order. At the highest levels of the allied coalition action was taken to arrange a summit meeting which would endeavour to provide answers to a number of issues relating to creating a new world monetary system. Following numerous contacts, the coalition’s leading figures met in the small town of Bretton Woods, USA. Two strategies of the future economic world order were presented at the meeting, and after tumultuous negotiations, the modified (harmonised) strategy of the world−known economist Keynes was accepted. With the support of all present, the World Bank was established as the most important financial institution, with the aim of monitoring the new financial world order. Also established was a financial organisation called the International Monetary Fund (IMF) as a part of the new system.

From Tribal Society to National Church

1968 ◽  
Vol os-15 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
Jacob A. Loewen
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Aid ◽  
The Face ◽  
Tribal Society ◽  
Run Up

“For sheer and pervasive fervor, the love of nationhood has no equal among contemporary political passions. Independence is the fetish, fad, and totem of our times. Everybody who can muster a quorum in a colony wants Freedom Now—and such is the temper of the age that they can usually have it. Roughly one third of the world, some one billion people, have run up their own flags in the great dismantlement of empires since World War II, creating sixty new nations over the face of the earth. In the process they have also created, for themselves and for the world, a congeries of unstable and uneasy entities that are usually kept alive only by economic aid and stand constantly on the verge of erupting into turmoil. Nationhood is not an easy art to master as Ghana, Nigeria, and Indonesia have painfully learned in recent weeks.”1

Chapter II. The World Economy

1974 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 29-46
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
World War ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Reconstruction Period ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Imf

We quoted in May the judgment of the Managing Director of the IMF that the world was facing ‘the most difficult combination of economic policy decisions since the reconstruction period following World War II’. At the same time we expressed doubt as to whether the governments of the major industrial countries possessed either the stability at home or the mutual cohesion on the international plane which would fit them to rise to the occasion. Subsequent developments have not been reassuring.

THE ROLE AND ROLE OF OIL POLICY IN SAUDI ARABIA IN POST WORLD WAR II ECONOMIC LIFE

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Maftuna Sanoqulova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oil Policy

This article consists of the politics which connected with oil in Saudi Arabia after the World war II , the relations of economical cooperations on this matter and the place of oil in the history of world economics

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document