scholarly journals Income Distribution and Growth Models: A Sectoral Balances Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Behringer ◽  
Till van Treeck
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Private Household ◽  
Corporate Sector ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
Institutional Differences ◽  
The Government ◽  
Distribution Of Income ◽  
Kaleckian Model

This article revisits the macroeconomic foundations and political economy of national growth models. It argues that the neo-Kaleckian model, which inspired the emergent growth model perspective and focuses primarily on the functional income distribution, can be usefully complemented by theories of private household consumption that focus on the personal distribution of income. The examples of the export-led and debt-led growth models of Germany and the United States, respectively, show how institutional differences help to explain why different countries developed different patterns of income distribution and how income distribution and institutions interacted to generate financial imbalances in different sectors of the economy (i.e., the private household sector, the private corporate sector, and the government sector).

scholarly journals Land Policy Instruments in Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Bhandari Chhetri
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Land Policy ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Corporate Sector ◽  
Corporate Financing ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
Operational Constraints

Corporate mobilization can be made realistic if policy facilitation is provided by the government sector. This research study aimed at exploring the possibility of a mechanism that will attract substantial investments from the private sector by mobilizing the existing capital market. To do so, the research within its objective framework examined the essential policy framework from the literature review, the existing legal, financial and planning and housing policies posing impediments to the prospective participation of the corporate sector in land and housing activities. This included but not necessarily restricted to the land administration, land legislatives, cadastral mapping system and current planning techniques used and the operational constraints it would pose upon the prospective mobilization of the corporate financing in land and housing development. The research study then finally intended to arrive at the framework that could possibly facilitate or promote corporate finance in land and housing sector in a greater way. The finding from the research is then translated into a framework for increased participation for corporate sector in land and housing that chiefly included following aspects. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v10i1.10880Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2014, pp. 69–79

Economic Dynamics of the United States in 1990—2011: Keynesian Analysis

2013 ◽  
pp. 117-130
Author(s):  
A. Akaev ◽  
U. Dzhamakeev ◽  
A. Korotayev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quantitative Easing ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Government ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

In this work a Keynesian analysis of economic development of the USA in 1990—2011 has been carried out. At the beginning, on the basis of the simple Harrod — Domar growth models, it has been shown that in this period the economic policy of the government did not provide balanced and sustainable economic growth. Then, in-depth analysis of economic growth with the use of Tobin’s monetary dynamic model has been carried out and it has been shown that recession in the U.S. economy, observed in 2007—2009, was the result of an explosive growth in the money supply caused by the need to finance the huge budget deficit. It has also been concluded that if the current trend of money emission persists, the implementation of the next quantitative easing program QE3 as early as in 2013 will lead to a new recession.

Weathering the Storm: The Impact of Cutbacks on Public Employees

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn S. Piatak
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal State ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Mass Layoffs ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The United States saw mass layoffs and unemployment during the Great Recession, where jobs have been slow to recover especially in the government sector. Research on cutback management became widespread in the late 1970s into the 1980s and several researchers have called for attention to be reignited to determine what lessons can be applied to the Great Recession and beyond. However, little attention is paid to the influence of cutbacks on employees. How do layoffs impact public personnel? Using nationally representative employment data, this study examines sector differences in job loss, advance notice, job mobility, and sector switching. In addition to distinctions across job sectors, differences within the government sector across federal, state, and local employees are explored. Findings raise several questions for research and practice regarding the ability to recover staff in a timely manner, the diversity of the organization, and the capacity to cope with future crises.

scholarly journals Higher Education and the Market

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Catharine Hill
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
The Government

<p>Neoclassical economists make the case for profit seeking firms in the private sector because they supply goods and services efficiently, meeting consumer demand at the least possible price and the highest quality. The government also supplies some goods and services directly, and also has made provisions for non-profit firms to do so, recognizing that in some cases for-profit firms will not supply them efficiently, because of a variety of market failures. In the United States, higher education has been one of those services that has traditionally been supplied to a large extent by non-profits and the government sector, and not by the for-profit sector. Over the last few decades, that has been changing radically, with much of the growth in enrollments in higher education taking place in the for-profit sector. Understanding the evolving roles of for-profits, non-profits and the public sector in the provision of higher education over the past several decades is important because they can have public policy implications. The government’s response to market failure, in particular, has welfare implications for both individuals and society.</p>

scholarly journals INEQUALITY AND U.S. SOCIETY

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Reynolds Farley ◽  
Lawrence D. Bobo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Federal Policies ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Distribution Of Income ◽  
Status Of Women

Among the advanced industrial nations, the United States has the most unequal distribution of income. Douglas Massey emphasizes that the purchasing power of households in the top five percent of the income distribution rose sharply from the early 1980s to 2000 while the purchasing power of those in the bottom twenty percent of the income distribution remained constant—proving a much larger economic gap between rich and poor households. This book summarizes an extensive array of studies from a variety of disciplines and cogently describes federal policies that promoted income disparity. Many sections of this book provide lucid information about the changing status of women, shifts in racial disparities, and the consequences of immigration from Mexico. It is not, however, a definitive book about inequality in this nation.

A Comparison of income and Wealth Mobility in the United States

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Ammon Jianakoplo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Income Mobility ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Systematic Comparison ◽  
Distribution Of Wealth ◽  
Distribution Of Income

This paper presents a systematic comparison of income and wealth mobility based on the same sample of households in the United States. Greater mobility is found within the distribution of income than within the distribution of wealth. While some mobility appears to be transitory, in that gains or loses attained over one time interval are reversed over subsequent intervals, neither income nor wealth mobility is completely reversed. Over the 1966-81 period examined, it appears that mobility within the income distribution was increasing while mobility within the wealth distribution was decreasing. Although income mobility is positively correlated with wealth mobility, this correlation is not very strong.

Verán ustedes las chozas más humildes. El discurso de pobreza en la diplomacia pública cardenista dirigida a Estados Unidos

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-281
Author(s):  
Sylvia Dümmer Scheel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Deal ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
Lazaro Cardenas ◽  
The New Deal

El artículo analiza la diplomacia pública del gobierno de Lázaro Cárdenas centrándose en su opción por publicitar la pobreza nacional en el extranjero, especialmente en Estados Unidos. Se plantea que se trató de una estrategia inédita, que accedió a poner en riesgo el “prestigio nacional” con el fin de justificar ante la opinión pública estadounidense la necesidad de implementar las reformas contenidas en el Plan Sexenal. Aprovechando la inusual empatía hacia los pobres en tiempos del New Deal, se construyó una imagen específica de pobreza que fuera higiénica y redimible. Ésta, sin embargo, no generó consenso entre los mexicanos. This article analyzes the public diplomacy of the government of Lázaro Cárdenas, focusing on the administration’s decision to publicize the nation’s poverty internationally, especially in the United States. This study suggests that this was an unprecedented strategy, putting “national prestige” at risk in order to explain the importance of implementing the reforms contained in the Six Year Plan, in the face of public opinion in the United States. Taking advantage of the increased empathy felt towards the poor during the New Deal, a specific image of hygienic and redeemable poverty was constructed. However, this strategy did not generate agreement among Mexicans.

Building an American Empire

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Frymer
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
American Empire ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Westward Expansion ◽  
White Settler ◽  
Settlement Policies ◽  
Federal Land ◽  
The Government ◽  
Land Policies

This book examines the politics of the United States' westward expansion, showing how the government's regulation of population movements on the frontier, both settlement and removal, advanced national aspirations for empire and promoted the formation of a white settler nation. The book details how a government that struggled to exercise plenary power used federal land policies to assert authority over the direction of expansion by engineering the pace and patterns of settlement and to control the movement of populations. At times, the government mobilized populations for compact settlement in strategically important areas of the frontier; at other times, policies were designed to actively restrain settler populations in order to prevent violence, international conflict, and breakaway states. The book examines how these settlement patterns helped construct a dominant racial vision for America by incentivizing and directing the movement of white European settlers onto indigenous and diversely populated lands. The book pays close attention to the failures as well, from the lack of further expansion into Latin America to the defeat of the black colonization movement. It reveals the lasting and profound significance government settlement policies had for the nation, both for establishing America as dominantly white and for restricting broader aspirations for empire in lands that could not be so racially engineered.

27. Immigration and other evils: A profile of Dr. C. K. Clarke and the eugenics movement in Canada

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
L. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Ill ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
The Public ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Eugenics Movement ◽  
The Government ◽  
Mental Defectives

Dr. C.K. Clarke (1857-1924) was one of Canada’s most prominent psychiatrists. He sought to improve the conditions of asylums, helped to legitimize psychiatry and established formal training for nurses. At the beginning of the 20th Century, Canada experienced a surge of immigration. Yet – as many historians have shown – a widespread anti-foreigner sentiment within the public remained. Along with many other members of the fledgling eugenics movement, Clarke believed that the proportion of “mental defectives” was higher in the immigrant population than in the Canadian population and campaigned to restrict immigration. He appealed to the government to track immigrants and deport them once they showed signs of mental illness. Clarke’s efforts lead to amendments to the Immigration Act in 1919, which authorized deportation of people who were not Canadian-born, regardless of how many years that had been in Canada. This change applied not only to the mentally ill but also to those who could no longer work due to injury and to those who did not follow social norms. Clarke is a fascinating example of how we judge historical figures. He lived in a time where what we now think of as xenophobia was a socially acceptable, even worthy attitude. As a leader in eugenics, therefore, he was a progressive. Other biographers have recognized Clarke’s racist opinions, some of whom justify them as keeping with the social values of his era. In further exploring Clarke’s interest in these issues, this paper relies on his personal scrapbooks held in the CAMH archives. These documents contain personal papers, poems and stories that proclaim his anti-Semitic and anti-foreigner views. Whether we allow his involvement in the eugenics movement to overshadow his accomplishments or ignore his racist leanings to celebrate his memory is the subject of ongoing debate. Dowbiggin IR. Keeping America Sane: Psychiatry and Eugenics in the United States and Canada 1880-1940. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1997. McLaren A. Our Own Master Race: Eugenics in Canada 1885-1945. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1990. Roberts B. Whence They Came: Deportation from Canada 1900-1935. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 1988.

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