Negative Life Events, Social Support, and Self-Efficacy in Anxious Adolescents

Purpose To examine the prevalence and correlates of anxiety in a community sample of adolescents. Knowing the prevalence and characteristics of anxious adolescents is valuable to improve anxiety prevention strategies and interventions. Design Cross-sectional data about anxiety were collected via a school survey from a community sample of Norwegian adolescents aged 12–17 ( N = 1719). Methods Based on scores from the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale, the adolescents were categorized as not anxious or anxious. Logistic regression analysis was performed to access the impact of each factor on the likelihood that participants would report an elevated level of anxiety. Results A total of 22% of the adolescents were categorized as anxious. Female gender, experienced negative life events, low social support, and low self-efficacy were associated with elevated level of anxiety. Conclusions The high prevalence of anxiety in adolescents demonstrates the importance of improved prevention interventions targeting anxious adolescents. We argue that addressing is the responsibility of not only the individual adolescents and their families but also schools, school health services, and policy makers. School-based interventions that increase social support and self-efficacy would probably be particularly beneficial for anxious adolescents.

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Factors influencing cognitive reactivity among young adults at high risk for depression in China: a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.18838/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Fei Fei Huang ◽

Zhi Peng Wen ◽

Qi Li ◽

Bin Chen ◽

Wen Jie Weng

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Young Adults ◽

Life Events ◽

Negative Life Events ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cognitive Reactivity ◽

Self Compassion ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Chinese Young Adults

Abstract BackgroundUnderstanding the factors influencing cognitive reactivity (CR) may help identify individuals at risk for first episode depression and relapse, and facilitate routine access to preventative treatments. However, few studies have examined CR to depression in Asian countries. This study was performed to ascertain the current status of CR among Chinese young adults and explore the factors that influence their CR. MethodsA national cross-sectional online study using convenience sampling was conducted among 1637 healthy young adults in China (96.29%). ResultsThe mean CR score was 1.73±0.64. Binary logistic regression showed that a low level of CR was associated with the following factors: high self-compassion, high social support, high resilience, high monthly household income, and living in a rural area, with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 0.14 to 0.70. Young adults in full-time employment, experiencing poor sleep, with high neuroticism, who reported frequent sad mood, and who had a high intensity of negative life events had increased CR to depression, with ORs ranging from 1.18 to 6.66. The prediction probability of these factors was 75.40%. Any causal relationships among the influencing factors and CR cannot be established. ConclusionsThe self-reported CR levels among Chinese young adults were moderate. Enhancing self-compassion, resilience, and social support for young adults and reducing negative life events, neuroticism, and poor sleep may facilitate reducing CR. These findings may help healthcare providers or researchers determine how to cultivate and improve the CR of young adults by establishing documented policies and/or improving intervention efficacies.

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A Comparative Study of Resilience in Greece and Cyprus: The Effects of Negative Life Events, Self-Efficacy, and Social Support on Mental Health

A Positive Psychology Perspective on Quality of Life - Social Indicators Research Series ◽

10.1007/978-94-007-4963-4_15 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 273-294

Author(s):

Sophie Leontopoulou

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Social Support ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Life Events ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Negative Life Events

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Factors influencing cognitive reactivity among young adults at high risk for depression in China: a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.18838/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

fei fei huang ◽

Zhi Peng Wen ◽

qi li ◽

bin chen ◽

Wen Jie Weng

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Young Adults ◽

Influencing Factors ◽

Life Events ◽

Negative Life Events ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Self Compassion ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Chinese Young Adults

Abstract Background: Understanding the factors influencing cognitive reactivity (CR) may help identify individuals at risk for first episode depression and relapse and facilitate routine access to preventative treatments. However, few studies have examined the relationship between CR and depression in Asian countries. This study was performed to assess the current status of CR among Chinese young adults and explore influencing factors. Methods: A national cross-sectional online study using convenience sampling was conducted among 1597 healthy young adults in China (93.94%) with a mean age of 24.34 (SD=5.76) years. Results: The mean CR score was 51.36±18.97 (range 0-130). Binary logistic regression showed that a low level of CR was associated with the following factors: high self-compassion, high social support, high resilience, high monthly household income, and living in a rural area, with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 0.14 to 0.70. Young adults in full-time employment, experiencing poor sleep, with high neuroticism, who reported frequent sad mood, and who had a high intensity of negative life events had increased CR to depression, with ORs ranging from 1.18 to 6.66. The prediction probability of these factors was 75.40%. Causal relationships among the influencing factors and CR could not be established. Conclusions: The self-reported CR levels among Chinese young adults were moderate. Enhancing self-compassion, resilience, and social support for young adults and reducing negative life events, neuroticism, and poor sleep may help decrease CR. These findings may help healthcare providers or researchers determine how to cultivate and improve the CR of young adults by establishing documented policies and/or improving intervention efficacies.

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Seasonality, negative life events and social support in a community sample

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.182.5.434 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 182 (5) ◽

pp. 434-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Erin E. Michalak ◽

Clare Wilkinson ◽

Kerenza Hood ◽

Chris Dowrick ◽

Greg Wilkinson

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Psychosocial Factors ◽

Life Events ◽

Seasonal Affective Disorder ◽

Negative Life Events ◽

Community Sample ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Self Report ◽

Future Research ◽

The Uk

BackgroundSeasonal affective disorder (SAD) is now a well-described form of depressive disorder. However, relatively little research has focused upon psychosocial factors and SAD.AimsTo determine the association between demographic/psychosocial factors and increased reported seasonal patterns of mood disorder (seasonality) and SAD in a community sample in the UK.MethodA total of 1250 people, aged between 18 and 64 years, randomly selected from a primary care database were screened for SAD. Those above cut-off underwent diagnostic interview and completed several self-report questionnaires. Multivariate analysis was conducted to determine which variables were significantly associated with increased seasonality.ResultsFour factors (having experienced more numerous negative life events, having low levels of social support, being a woman and being non-native) were predictive of higher seasonality Being a woman was predictive of being diagnosed as a case of SAD.ConclusionsA new association has been identified between increased seasonality, negative life events and social support. Future research should assess the psychosocial causes or consequences of SAD while continuing to examine the biology of the condition.

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The Effect of Self-Efficacy on the Association Between Social Support and Relationship Alternatives Among Female Intimate Partner Violence Victims

Partner Abuse ◽

10.1891/1946-6560.5.3.279 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 279-296

Author(s):

Vanessa Tirone ◽

Ryan C. Shorey ◽

Alison M. Nathanson ◽

Deborah L. Rhatigan

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Social Exchange ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Community Sample ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Perceived Quality ◽

The Impact

This study examined the meditational effect of self-efficacy on the relation between enacted social support and perceived quality of relationship alternatives among an economically disadvantaged community sample of 101 female intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors. Three types of support—directive guidance, nondirective guidance, and positive social exchange—were positively associated with self-efficacy. In each case, the effect of enacted social support on perceived quality of relationship alternatives was fully mediated by women’s self-efficacy. Support in the form of tangible assistance was unrelated to women’s self-efficacy. Above and beyond the impact of each type of social support, non-White ethnicity and frequency of physical violence were negatively associated with self-efficacy. However, race and violence frequency did not impact the mediational effect of self-efficacy. These findings support the inclusion of women’s support networks in advocacy and therapeutic work with IPV survivors.

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Self-efficacy moderation and mediation roles on BPSD and social support influences on subjective caregiver burden in Chinese spouse caregivers of dementia patients

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610214000994 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 1465-1473 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Shuying Zhang ◽

Qihao Guo ◽

Helen Edwards ◽

Patsy Yates ◽

Chunbo Li

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Caregiver Burden ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Mediation Effect ◽

Subjective Burden ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dementia Patients ◽

Spouse Caregivers ◽

Subjective Caregiver Burden ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACTBackground:This study aims to explore moderation and mediation roles of caregiver self-efficacy between subjective caregiver burden and (a) behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD) of dementia; and (b) social support.Methods:A cross-sectional study with 137 spouse caregivers of dementia patients was conducted in Shanghai. We collected demographic information for the caregiver–patient dyads, as well as information associated with dementia-related impairments, caregiver social support, caregiver self-efficacy, and SF-36.Results:Multiple regression analysis showed that caregiver self-efficacy was a moderator both between BPSD and subjective caregiver burden, and social support and subjective caregiver burden. Results also showed a partial mediation effect of caregiver self-efficacy on the impact of BPSD on subjective caregiver burden, and a mediation effect of social support on subjective caregiver burden. Caregiver self-efficacy and subjective burden significantly influenced BPSD and social support.Conclusion:Caregiver self-efficacy played an important role in the paths by which the two factors influenced subjective burden. Enhancing caregiver self-efficacy for symptom management (particularly BPSD) can be an essential strategy for determining interventions to support dementia caregivers in China, and possibly in other countries.

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Early negative life events during childhood and social anxietyin adulthood

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71851-x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 140-140

Author(s):

C. Binelli ◽

A. Ortiz ◽

E. Gelabert ◽

J.A. Crippa ◽

S. Subirà ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Anxiety ◽

University Students ◽

Family Violence ◽

Life Events ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Negative Life Events ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Impact

BackgroundAlthough there is considerable evidence on the impact of negative life events during childhood on the etiology of psychiatric disorders, little is known about the specific influence on the social anxiety disorder. The objective of the study was to examine this association.MethodIn a cross-sectional survey in 571 university students we analysed the association between loss of someone close, emotional abuse, physical abuse, family violence and sexual abuse with social anxiety assessed by the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale.ResultsTwenty percent of the sample had social anxiety and 50,6% had an early negative life events in childhood. After controlling for family psychiatric history and gender only family violence was associated with an increased risk of social anxiety (OR = 4.63; 95%CI = 1.13–18.9).ConclusionsThis study found childhood family violence associated with social phobia in university students.

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Negative life events, self-efficacy, and social support: Risk and protective factors for school dropout intentions and dropout.

Journal of Educational Psychology ◽

10.1037/edu0000406 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 112 (5) ◽

pp. 973-986

Author(s):

Robin Samuel ◽

Kaspar Burger

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Life Events ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Negative Life Events ◽

School Dropout ◽

Risk And Protective Factors

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The impact of mental health and substance use issues on COVID-19 vaccine readiness: a cross sectional community-based survey in Ontario, Canada

10.1101/2021.08.30.21262844 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kamna Mehra ◽

Roula Markoulakis ◽

Sugy Kodeeswaran ◽

Donald A. Redelmeier ◽

Mark Sinyor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Social Support ◽

Substance Use ◽

Female Gender ◽

Depression Score ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Younger Age ◽

The Impact

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 vaccines have been approved for use in Canada since December 2020. However, data about factors associated with vaccine hesitancy and the impact of mental health and/or substance use (MHSU) issues on vaccine uptake are currently not available. The goal of this study was to explore factors, particularly MHSU factors, that impact COVID-19 vaccination intentions in Ontario, Canada.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional survey with recruitment based on age, gender, and geographical location (to ensure a representative population of Ontario), was conducted in February 2021. Multinomial logistic regression was used to test the relationship between COVID-19 vaccination status and plans and sociodemographic background, social support, anxiety about contracting COVID-19, and MHSU concerns.ResultsOf the total sample of 2528 respondents, 1932 (76.4%) were vaccine ready, 381 (15.1%) were hesitant, and 181 (7.1%) were resistant. Significant independent predictors of vaccine hesitancy compared with vaccine readiness included younger age (OR=2.11, 95%CI=1.62-2.74), female gender (OR=1.36, 95%CI=1.06-1.74), Black ethnicity (OR=2.11, 95%CI=1.19-3.75), lower education (OR=1.69, 95%CI=1.30-2.20), lower SES status (OR=.88, 95%CI=.84-.93), lower anxiety about self or someone close contracting COVID-19 (OR=2.06, 95%CI=1.50-2.82), and lower depression score (OR=.90, 95%CI=.82-.98). Significant independent predictors of vaccine resistance compared with readiness included younger age (OR=1.72, 95%CI=1.19-2.50), female gender (OR=1.57, 95%CI=1.10-2.24), being married (OR=1.50, 95%CI=1.04-2.16), lower SES (OR=.80, 95%CI=.74-.86), lower satisfaction with social support (OR=.78, 95%CI=.70-.88), lower anxiety about contracting COVID-19 (OR=7.51, 95%CI=5.18-10.91), and lower depression score (OR=.85, 95%CI=.76-.96).InterpretationCOVID-19 vaccination intention is affected by sociodemographic factors, anxiety about contracting COVID-19, and select mental health issues.

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