Teaching foreign languages taking into account the variety of types of communicative activity

The article deals with the key aspects of teaching foreign languages, taking into account the variety of types of communicative activity. It is known for certain that the leading communicative characteristic of language communication is its dualism, i.e. the presence in any separate act of communication of two participants and, accordingly, two communicative processes: the transmission or production of a language message and its reception. The processes of transmitting and receiving language messages can be separated by arbitrarily large intervals of space and time. The very two-sidedness of language communication determines the presence of different roles performed by the individuals involved in it. Each of these roles, which we will call types of communicative or linguistic activity, is a complex psychophysiological complex with pronounced specificity. The distinction between productive and receptive in linguistic communication is, therefore, not a terminological excess, but a fact of paramount importance, arising from the very nature of linguistic information exchange. Communication has many features that it would be right to take into account when teaching the acquired language. Such forms of speech activity as production and receiving have a different nature of origin and existence. An invaluable help in teaching foreign languages for the successful solution of these tasks is to conduct a number of lexicographic and phonetic-grammatical studies.

The use of emotions in 2019 European Elections campaign materials

This research analyses three fundamental questions to determine how, when and by whom emotions are used in campaign materials (political propaganda). Focusing on the 2019 European elections we carry out a three-phase analysis. Firstly, we check the use of rational content against content that appeals to voters’ emotions. Secondly, we observe which of these emo tions are channelled towards the use of negative strategies and, therefore, identifying who is the object of this attack. And lastly, we determine which party families make the most use of humorous content since this resource is believed to be part of an appeal to voter’s feelings and, therefore, it is essential to know if there are differences between political groups. Considering this analytical strategy, the structure of the work begins with the contextualisation of the 2019 European elections to focus, later, on highlighting the importance of electoral campaigns as a given time when communicative activity intensifies. Once the importance of electoral campaigns has been defined the article analyses how campaign materials, in a general context of political propaganda, are one of the most powerful tools. In this sense, the analytical strategy of political parties’ campaign materials can be said to focus on the use of emotions. Data from the European Elections Monitoring Center (EEMC) has been used not only for theoretical contextualization, but throughout the whole paper.

Developing Essay Writing Skills in Elementary School

The article reveals approaches to solving the urgent problem of modern education - the formation of communicative activity in junior schoolchildren. The most important role in this is assigned to a well-developed speech, the formation of which is successfully taking place in the process of teaching primary schoolchildren to write essays. The article presents interesting pedagogical techniques that contribute to the formation of the skills of productive statements in writing in younger schoolchildren: to draw up an essay plan, develop a creative idea, adhering to the logic of the narrative, and also improve the expressive, grammatical and stylistic aspects of speech.

Imperative Statements - one of the Forms of Representation of a Linguistic Personality

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the functioning of imperative statements used in various situations of communication. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main imperative constructions in the context of the speech behavior of the linguistic personality of the main character of a literary text. The method of comparative analysis allows identify the features of the functioning of incentive tactics. This article is an overview of the research available in linguistics on issues related to imperativeness. A broad view of the concept of imperative allows to go beyond the established definitions and expand the field of modality of a literary text. The work examines the main semantic groups that clearly characterize the literary character as a linguistic person. The analysis of imperative incentive statements is viewed through the prism of purposeful communicative activity. A variety of means and ways of expressing imperative statements in the speech of the main character provide an opportunity to differentiate semantic nuances. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that for the first time on the material of the modern Russian novel The Geographer Drank His Globe Away by A. Ivanov, the main classes of expression of the semantics of motivation are analyzed. The study identified imperative and non-imperative, but expressing the urge to action, statements, means of lowering the imperative. The lexico-grammatical and syntactic constructions used in the speech of the main character, most common in pedagogical and everyday discourses, are analyzed. The research results are presented as a functional-semantic space.

COMMUNICATIVE-ACTIVITY APPROACH IMPLEMENTATION IN THE MODERN SYSTEM OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING

The review of communicative activity key features realization approach in a modern system of foreign languages learning ​​has been carried out. It is defined that the communicative activity approach is based on the conceptual provisions of the activity and principles of communicative learning theory which gives students the opportunity to investigate problems independently, to observe, to analyze, to think critically, to argue and persuade the interlocutor as well as to make their own methods of learning a foreign language and to develop the ability to assess risks, to form constructive management of feelings, to use information and communication technologies, to interact in an adequate and creative way in all kinds of social and cultural contexts, to mobilize life experience, to apply basic / declarative knowledge and skills in practice, to create success situations, to form skills of self-control and mutual control. It is stated that modern paradigms of foreign language teaching outline the need to create conditions for active mastering of foreign language communication skills through the ability to understand and to achieve coherence in the reception and production of utterances within the communicatively significant speech formations. The main aspects of foreign language learning process on a communicative basis consider, namely: non-standard methods and forms of work that support students’ speech and mental activity and contribute to the maximum disclosure of their inner potential. It has been concluded that the effectiveness of communicatively oriented foreign language teaching depends on teachers’ understanding of the need to abandon authoritarian and scholastic methods and to apply teaching methods aimed at intensifying of the forming foreign language process and general cultural background of students in a creative way.

Pedagogy of gamification

The article deals with the issues of didactic support of students ‘ play activities that contribute to improving the effectiveness of education. Gamification is exactly the tool that ensures the motivated involvement of students in the cognitive sphere, and social, physical and communicative activity is the applied result of the introduction of this tool into the structure of both general and pedagogical education. The purpose of this article is to present the methodological grounds for the use of the game both in the organization of children’s recreation and in the didactic provision of pedagogical education that can apply gamification for pedagogical purposes. The issues raised are especially relevant in the conditions of excessive fascination of teenagers with all kinds of computer games, which causes concern for their “digital dementia”, since it is accompanied by the adoption of already programmed scenarios. Digital autism also causes alertness, which leads to physical inactivity and other somatic problems. Practice insistently requires researchers to put the modern socio-cultural phenomenon, which is gamification, at the service of modern education with an appropriate pedagogical justification.

Methodological approaches to the formation of professionally oriented english lexical competence in speaking in future specialists of hotel and restaurant business

Methodological approaches to the formation of professionally oriented English lexical competence in speaking in future hotel and restaurant specialists are selected and revealed, and the principles of this process are substantiated. The essence and structure of professionally oriented English lexical competence in speaking of future specialists of hotel and restaurant business are formulated. The preconditions of vocabulary use, including terminological, are considered. It has been found, that the production of oral speech is impossible without the perception and understanding of oral speech by ear. The following approaches are described, which provide methodical and methodological substantiation of the process of formation of professionally oriented English lexical competence in speaking in future specialists of hotel and restaurant business, such as: communicative, interactive, student-centric, sociolinguistic. The peculiarities of formation of professionally oriented English lexical competence in speaking in future specialists of hotel and restaurant business on the basis of the communicative approach are outlined. The educational materials, used in the application of the communicative approach, are investigated. The interactive discourse, which is a type of communicative activity, is considered. The principles, on which this process is based, are analyzed: general methodological principles (situational; communicative activity; communicative value; immersion), specific principles speech clichés, parallel activation of visual and auditory channels of information perception). Recommendations for the optimal combination of classroom learning and extracurricular learning, including independent work with the help of network technologies using video, audio and text materials, are given. Learning outcomes are formulated on the basis of the student-centered approach, attention is focused on students' skills and competencies. On the basis of the sociolinguistic approach, the creation of educational situations for the purpose of reproduction of scenarios of professionally oriented communication of experts of hotel and restaurant business is provided. It is concluded, that the formation of professionally oriented English lexical competence in speaking in future hotel and restaurant professionals on the basis of communicative, interactive, student-centric, sociolinguistic approaches will ensure the effectiveness of this process

LINGUISTIC PECULIARITIES OF INNOVATIONS IN AMERICAN ENGLISH

The article deals with linguistic peculiarities of innovations selected in texts of American news weeklies such as Newsweek and U.S. News and World Report. The author has identified and described innovations coined in the beginning of the 21st century in American journalistic texts. The innovations include lexical and grammatic coinages. The above-mentioned nonce words are coined by analogy of the existing word forming patterns. Lexical innovations reflect phenomena of American political and social life. Jargon is also an active sphere of communicative activity and serves as a foundation for producing nonce words. Grammatic innovations prove the tendency to violation of language standards and bear the characteristics of colloquial American English. In most cases the innovations are semantic nonce words and their analysis helps to realize semantic connection between the original meaning and the new one. Apart from semantic characteristics, identified innovations perform a set of functions, i.e. they are functionally oriented. They reflect social and political changes, and help native speakers precisely express their thoughts and emotions. Nonce words, as effective instruments of journalists’ influence, perform the following functions: informative, expressive, pragmatic, appealing etc. Nonce words are expressive, concise, attractive by their form and semantics. They affect readers.

Psychological and pedagogical correction of aggressive behavior in adolescence

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the communicative activity of younger schoolchildren in the conditions of inclusive education. The article examines the impact of teaching in an inclusive classroom on younger schoolchildren with nor-mative development. The features of the communicative activity of younger school-children in the conditions of inclusive education are determined. For the first time, a comparative study of the components of the structure of the communicative activity of younger schoolchildren was conducted. A comparative analysis of the state of development of communicative skills in ordinary and inclusive classes is carried out, as a result of which it is established that in the conditions of inclusive education there is an intensive development of communicative skills and, accordingly, group cohesion of primary school students. The new information obtained as a result of the empirical research on the peculiarities of the communicative activity of younger schoolchildren with normatypical development in the conditions of inclusive education adds to the knowledge base in the field of pedagogical psychology and can be used by social educators and psychologists of educational institutions in the work on the correction of interpersonal relations in inclusive classes, as well as by students during practical training.

The development of preschoolers’ cognitive and communicative activity in the process of educational and research activities in nature

Preschool education remains one of the strategic directions of state policy in the field of education. The current state of development of society in Ukraine opens considerable opportunities for updating the education content based on the principles of child-centeredness, humanization, and integration. The main aim of this article is to consider an essential issue of preschool education. As methods, analysis of productive activities (results of completed tasks), observation of children, and conversation with them are utilized. It is the organization of educational and research activities in nature as a means of developing preschool children’s cognitive and communicative activity. Emphasis is put on their role in preschoolers’ personal development, the feasibility of its implementation in preschool education. It is concluded that increasing the preschoolers’ level of cognitive and communicative activity is possible through the use of mnemonic tables and fairy tales about nature.