Pneumonia-Associated Hospitalizations, New York City, 2001-2014

Objectives: Death certificate data indicate that the age-adjusted death rate for pneumonia and influenza is higher in New York City than in the United States. Most pneumonia and influenza deaths are attributed to pneumonia rather than influenza. Because most pneumonia deaths occur in hospitals, we analyzed hospital discharge data to provide insight into the burden of pneumonia in New York City. Methods: We analyzed data for New York City residents discharged from New York State hospitals with a principal diagnosis of pneumonia, or a secondary diagnosis of pneumonia if the principal diagnosis was respiratory failure or sepsis, during 2001-2014. We calculated mean annual age-adjusted pneumonia-associated hospitalization rates per 100 000 population and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We examined data on pneumonia-associated hospitalizations by sociodemographic characteristics and colisted conditions. Results: During 2001-2014, a total of 495 225 patients residing in New York City were hospitalized for pneumonia, corresponding to a mean annual age-adjusted pneumonia-associated hospitalization rate of 433.8 per 100 000 population (95% CI, 429.3-438.3). The proportion of pneumonia-associated hospitalizations with in-hospital death was 12.0%. The mean annual age-adjusted pneumonia-associated hospitalization rate per 100 000 population increased as area-based poverty level increased, whereas the percentage of pneumonia-associated hospitalizations with in-hospital deaths decreased with increasing area-based poverty level. The proportion of pneumonia-associated hospitalizations that colisted an immunocompromising condition increased from 18.7% in 2001 to 33.1% in 2014. Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors and immune status appear to play a role in the epidemiology of pneumonia-associated hospitalizations in New York City. Further study of pneumonia-associated hospitalizations in at-risk populations may lead to targeted interventions.

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Community-setting pneumonia-associated hospitalizations by level of urbanization—New York City versus other areas of New York State, 2010–2014

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0244367 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. e0244367

Author(s):

Melody Wu ◽

Katherine Whittemore ◽

Chaorui C. Huang ◽

Rachel E. Corrado ◽

Gretchen M. Culp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

York City ◽

Rural Areas ◽

New York State ◽

Community Setting ◽

Hospital Death ◽

Principal Diagnosis ◽

Poverty Level ◽

York State

Background New York City (NYC) reported a higher pneumonia and influenza death rate than the rest of New York State during 2010–2014. Most NYC pneumonia and influenza deaths are attributed to pneumonia caused by infection acquired in the community, and these deaths typically occur in hospitals. Methods We identified hospitalizations of New York State residents aged ≥20 years discharged from New York State hospitals during 2010–2014 with a principal diagnosis of community-setting pneumonia or a secondary diagnosis of community-setting pneumonia if the principal diagnosis was respiratory failure or sepsis. We examined mean annual age-adjusted community-setting pneumonia-associated hospitalization (CSPAH) rates and proportion of CSPAH with in-hospital death, overall and by sociodemographic group, and produced a multivariable negative binomial model to assess hospitalization rate ratios. Results Compared with non-NYC urban, suburban, and rural areas of New York State, NYC had the highest mean annual age-adjusted CSPAH rate at 475.3 per 100,000 population and the highest percentage of CSPAH with in-hospital death at 13.7%. NYC also had the highest proportion of CSPAH patients residing in higher-poverty-level areas. Adjusting for age, sex, and area-based poverty, NYC residents experienced 1.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–1.4), non-NYC urban residents 1.4 (95% CI, 1.3–1.6), and suburban residents 1.2 (95% CI, 1.1–1.3) times the rate of CSPAH than rural residents. Conclusions In New York State, NYC as well as other urban areas and suburban areas had higher rates of CSPAH than rural areas. Further research is needed into drivers of CSPAH deaths, which may be associated with poverty.

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Infectious Disease Hospitalizations, New York City, 2001-2014

Public Health Reports ◽

10.1177/0033354920935080 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 135 (5) ◽

pp. 587-598

Author(s):

Chaorui C. Huang ◽

David E. Lucero ◽

Sungwoo Lim ◽

Yihong Zhao ◽

Robert J. Arciuolo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

New York ◽

New York City ◽

York City ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Hospitalization Rate ◽

Hospital Death ◽

Discharge Data ◽

Hospitalization Rates ◽

The Mean

Objective Hospital discharge data are a means of monitoring infectious diseases in a population. We investigated rates of infectious disease hospitalizations in New York City. Methods We analyzed data for residents discharged from New York State hospitals with a principal diagnosis of an infectious disease during 2001-2014 by using the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System. We calculated annual age-adjusted hospitalization rates and the percentage of hospitalizations in which in-hospital death occurred. We examined diagnoses by site of infection or sepsis and by pathogen type. Results During 2001-2014, the mean annual age-adjusted rate of infectious disease hospitalizations in New York City was 1661.6 (95% CI, 1659.2-1663.9) per 100 000 population; the mean annual age-adjusted hospitalization rate decreased from 2001-2003 to 2012-2014 (rate ratio = 0.9; 95% CI, 0.9-0.9). The percentage of in-hospital death during 2001-2014 was 5.9%. The diagnoses with the highest mean annual age-adjusted hospitalization rates among all sites of infection and sepsis diagnoses were the lower respiratory tract, followed by sepsis. From 2001-2003 to 2012-2014, the mean annual age-adjusted hospitalization rate per 100 000 population for HIV decreased from 123.1 (95% CI, 121.7-124.5) to 40.0 (95% CI, 39.2-40.7) and for tuberculosis decreased from 10.2 (95% CI, 9.8-10.6) to 4.6 (95% CI, 4.4-4.9). Conclusions Although hospital discharge data are subject to limitations, particularly for tracking sepsis, lower respiratory tract infections and sepsis are important causes of infectious disease hospitalizations in New York City. Hospitalizations for HIV infection and tuberculosis appear to be declining.

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1343. Viral and Bacterial Pneumonia Hospitalizations — New York City, 2001–2016

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofab466.1535 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S759-S759

Author(s):

Chaorui Huang ◽

Steffen Foerster ◽

Faina Iskhakova ◽

Joaquin Aracena

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

Hospital Discharge ◽

York City ◽

Bacterial Pneumonia ◽

Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽

Hospitalization Rate ◽

Hospital Discharge Data ◽

Hospital Death ◽

Discharge Data

Abstract Background This study was to investigate the burden and trend of viral and bacterial pneumonia hospitalization in New York City (NYC) from 2001 to 2016. Methods We analyzed hospital discharge data for NYC residents during 2001–2016 using Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System. Annual crude hospitalization rate and percentage of in-hospital all causes death were calculated, using NYC population as denominator. Poisson regression was performed to assess temporal trends of pneumonia hospitalization rate and percentage of in-hospital death from 2001 to 2016. Results During 2001–2016, there were 122,324 pneumonia hospitalizations with identified viral or bacterial pathogen in NYC, of which 7,826 (6.4%) were influenza, 13,059 (10.7%) were other viruses, 11,847 (9.7%) were pneumococcus, and 89,592 (73.2%) were other bacteria. From 2001 to 2016, there was significantly increased viral and bacterial pneumonia hospitalization rate, except for pneumococcal pneumonia, and pneumococcal pneumonia had significantly decreased hospitalization rate (p< 0.0001). From 2001 to 2016, the percentage of in-hospital death for viral pneumonia except influenza significantly increased (p=0.0002), whereas decreased for bacterial pneumonia (p< 0.0001). Patients aged ≥65 years old had the highest percentage of in-hospital death among all ages for both viral and bacterial pneumonia, especially there was 19.5% of in-hospital death for pneumococcal pneumonia and 23.4% for other bacterial pneumonia. Conclusion While hospital discharge data are subject to limitations particularly for large amount of un-identified pathogens for pneumonia, our analysis showed increased viral activities considering the changes in hospitalization rate and percentage of in-hospital death in NYC during 2001–2016. There was a reduced pneumococcal pneumonia hospitalization rate and percentage of in-hospital death, likely related to the increased vaccine uptake, and a reduced percentage of in-hospital death for overall bacterial pneumonia, likely related to improved antibiotic treatment management. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the necessity of increasing the pneumococcal vaccine coverage in elderly, as well as reducing antimicrobial resistance to improve the management of bacterial infection. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Sociodemographic Correlates of Food Insecurity Among New York City Tobacco Users

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/0890117120904002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 664-667

Author(s):

Christina N. Wysota ◽

Scott E. Sherman ◽

Elizabeth Vargas ◽

Erin S. Rogers

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Low Income ◽

York City ◽

Safety Net ◽

The United States ◽

United States Department ◽

Poverty Level ◽

Sociodemographic Correlates

Purpose: To identify rates and sociodemographic correlates of food insecurity among low-income smokers. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline survey data from a randomized controlled trial (N = 403) testing a smoking cessation intervention for low-income smokers. Setting: Two safety-net hospitals in New York City. Sample: Current smokers with annual household income <200% of the federal poverty level. Measures: Food insecurity was measured using the United States Department of Agriculture 6-item food security module. Participant sociodemographics were assessed by self-reported survey responses. Analysis: We used frequencies to calculate the proportion of smokers experiencing food insecurity and multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with being food insecure. Results: Fifty-eight percent of participants were food insecure, with 29% reporting very high food insecurity. Compared to married participants, separated, widowed, or divorced participants were more likely to be food insecure (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25-4.33), as were never married participants (AOR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.54-5.14). Conclusions: Health promotion approaches that target multiple health risks (eg, smoking and food access) may be needed for low-income populations. Interventions which seek to alleviate food insecurity may benefit from targeting socially isolated smokers.

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Applying the Devil's Works in a Holy Cause: Working-Class Popular Culture and the Salvation Army in the United States, 1879-1900

Religion and American Culture A Journal of Interpretation ◽

10.1525/rac.1997.7.2.03a00020 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 195-223

Author(s):

Lillian Taiz

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

New York ◽

New York City ◽

Popular Culture ◽

York City ◽

The United States ◽

Salvation Army ◽

Public Meeting ◽

The Many ◽

Sunday Evening

Forty-eight hours after they landed in New York City in 1880, a small contingent of the Salvation Army held their first public meeting at the infamous Harry Hill's Variety Theater. The enterprising Hill, alerted to the group's arrival from Britain by newspaper reports, contacted their leader, Commissioner George Scott Railton, and offered to pay the group to “do a turn” for “an hour or two on … Sunday evening.” In nineteenth-century New York City, Harry Hill's was one of the best known concert saloons, and reformers considered him “among the disreputable classes” of that city. His saloon, they said, was “nothing more than one of the many gates to hell.”

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Values of Voluntary Simplicity: Lifestyle and Motivation

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1984.55.1.231 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 231-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Avraham Shama ◽

Joseph Wisenblit

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

New York ◽

New York City ◽

York City ◽

Metropolitan Areas ◽

The United States ◽

Voluntary Simplicity ◽

Ecological Responsibility ◽

Self Sufficiency ◽

And Behavior

This paper describes the relation between values and behavior of a new life style, that of voluntary simplicity which is characterized by low consumption, self-sufficiency, and ecological responsibility. Also, specific hypotheses regarding the motivation for voluntary simplicity and adoption in two areas of the United States were tested. Analysis shows (a) values of voluntary simplicity and behaviors are consistent, (b) the motivation for voluntary simplicity includes personal preference and economic hardship, and (c) adoption of voluntary simplicity is different in the Denver and New York City metropolitan areas.

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Seeking menstrual products: a qualitative exploration of the unmet menstrual needs of individuals experiencing homelessness in New York City

Reproductive Health ◽

10.1186/s12978-021-01133-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Caitlin Gruer ◽

Kim Hopper ◽

Rachel Clark Smith ◽

Erin Kelly ◽

Andrew Maroko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

Vulnerable Populations ◽

York City ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Service Providers ◽

The United States ◽

Free Products ◽

Creative Solutions ◽

Menstrual Products

Abstract Background There has been increasing recognition that certain vulnerable populations in the United States of America struggle to meet their menstruation-related needs, including people experiencing homelessness. Media and policy attention on this subject has focused on the provision of free menstrual products to vulnerable populations, including a New York City legislative bill, which guarantees access to menstrual products for Department of Homeless Services shelter residents (Intros 1123-A). Methods This qualitative study explored the challenges people experiencing homelessness in New York City face in accessing menstrual products. Data collection was conducted from June to August 2019 and included: Semi-structured key informant interviews with staff from relevant government agencies and homeless service providers (n = 15), and semi-structured in-depth interviews with individuals with experience living on the street and in shelters (n = 22). Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Key themes that emerged included: (1) insufficient and inconsistent access to menstrual products; (2) systemic challenges to providing menstrual products; and (3) creative solutions to promote access to menstrual products. Both shelter- and street-living individuals reported significant barriers to accessing menstrual products. While both populations struggle, those in shelters were more likely to be able to purchase menstrual products or access free products at their shelter, while those living on the streets were more likely to have to resort to panhandling, theft, or using makeshift materials in place of menstrual products. Across both populations, individuals described barriers to accessing free products at shelters and service providers, primarily due to distribution systems that rely on gatekeepers to provide a few pads or tampons at a time, sometimes of inadequate quality and only upon request. Shelters and service providers also described challenges providing these products, including inconsistent supply. Conclusion These findings highlight the critical importance of expanding and improving initiatives seeking to provide access to menstrual products for vulnerable populations. Despite policy level efforts to support menstrual product access, individuals experiencing homelessness in New York City, whether living in shelters or on the street, are often not able to access the menstrual products that they need to manage their monthly menstrual flow.

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Effect of Alzheimer’s Training on Multicultural Personal Care Aides

Care Management Journals ◽

10.1891/1521-0987.9.1.4 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 4-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Robin C. Fenley ◽

Sarah J. Bober ◽

Mebane E. Powell ◽

Jacquelin Berman ◽

Barbara N. Altman

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

New York ◽

New York City ◽

York City ◽

The United States ◽

Personal Care ◽

Entry Level ◽

Before And After ◽

Item Knowledge

This article reports on the first 2 years of an ongoing project that examined the efficacy of a 10-hour dementia training provided to entry-level personal care aide (PCA) trainees from the Hispanic, White, African American, and Asian communities in New York City. Participants were enrolled in a 90-hour PCA training program offered by the New York City Department for the Aging and were either recipients of public assistance, displaced employees from September 11, or recent immigrants to the United States from China. Classes were conducted in Spanish, English, and Mandarin/Cantonese. An 11-item Knowledge of Alzheimer’s Disease instrument was developed for the purposes of this project and administered before and after the dementia training and at 3 months following graduation. All groups, regardless of language, showed a significant increase in knowledge of Alzheimer’s disease at the conclusion of the training and retention of this knowledge at 3 months follow-up. Age was strongly correlated with an increase in knowledge, while gender and education were not.

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Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Immigrant and US-Born Adults in New York City

Public Health Reports ◽

10.1177/00333549211007519 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003335492110075

Author(s):

Claudia Chernov ◽

Lisa Wang ◽

Lorna E. Thorpe ◽

Nadia Islam ◽

Amy Freeman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

New York ◽

New York City ◽

Health Insurance ◽

York City ◽

The United States ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Health And Nutrition

Objectives Immigrant adults tend to have better health than native-born adults despite lower incomes, but the health advantage decreases with length of residence. To determine whether immigrant adults have a health advantage over US-born adults in New York City, we compared cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among both groups. Methods Using data from the New York City Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014, we assessed health insurance coverage, health behaviors, and health conditions, comparing adults ages ≥20 born in the 50 states or the District of Columbia (US-born) with adults born in a US territory or outside the United States (immigrants, following the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) and comparing US-born adults with (1) adults who immigrated recently (≤10 years) and (2) adults who immigrated earlier (>10 years). Results For immigrant adults, the mean time since arrival in the United States was 21.8 years. Immigrant adults were significantly more likely than US-born adults to lack health insurance (22% vs 12%), report fair or poor health (26% vs 17%), have hypertension (30% vs 23%), and have diabetes (20% vs 11%) but significantly less likely to smoke (18% vs 27%) (all P < .05). Comparable proportions of immigrant adults and US-born adults were overweight or obese (67% vs 63%) and reported CVD (both 7%). Immigrant adults who arrived recently were less likely than immigrant adults who arrived earlier to have diabetes or high cholesterol but did not differ overall from US-born adults. Conclusions Our findings may help guide prevention programs and policy efforts to ensure that immigrant adults remain healthy.

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Stylistic variation among mobile speakers: Using old and new regional variables to construct complex place identity

Language Variation and Change ◽

10.1017/s0954394518000108 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 175-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jennifer Nycz

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

New York ◽

New York City ◽

Positive Affect ◽

York City ◽

The United States ◽

Place Identity ◽

Washington Dc ◽

Stylistic Variation ◽

Show Evidence

AbstractThis paper examines stylistic variation in the (oh), (o), (aw), and (ay) classes among native speakers of Canadian English living in or just outside either New York City or Washington, DC. Speakers show evidence of change toward US norms for all four vowels, though only (aw) shows consistent style shifting: prevoiceless (aw) is realized with higher nuclei when speakers express ambivalence about or distance from the United States, and lower nuclei when closeness to or positive affect about the United States is being conveyed. Canadians in New York also show topic- and stance-based shift in (oh): (oh)s are higher when expressing positive affect or closeness to New York City and lower when expressing negative affect or distance. These results suggest that mobile speakers continue to exploit the socioindexical links in their native dialect while learning and using new links in their adopted dialect—but only if those links are socially salient.

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