scholarly journals The Effects of Stress on the Vascular System for Different Ages in Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Mohanad A. Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Effects Of Stress ◽  
The Impact

The effects of stress in newborns were more severe than adults, The changes in the blood vessels and the heart of age-related and the result of stress are reflected on adaptation and resistance to the development of cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension. Therefore, experiments were conducted to study the changes developments on the heart and blood vessels under the influence of stress at the stages of maturity, used a laboratory rat model. The impact of each of the chronotropic and the stress on the blood vessels at the newborn rats were higher than adult animals, myocardial indolence and high blood pressure were observed at the old rats compared to adult animals as a result of the stress-responses.

scholarly journals Potential impact of a modest reduction in salt intake on blood pressure, cardiovascular disease burden and premature mortality: a modelling study

Open Heart ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leopold Ndemnge Aminde ◽  
Linda J Cobiac ◽  
J Lennert Veerman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo assess the potential impact of reduction in salt intake on the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and premature mortality in Cameroon.MethodsUsing a multicohort proportional multistate life table model with Markov process, we modelled the impact of WHO’s recommended 30% relative reduction in population-wide sodium intake on the CVD burden for Cameroonian adults alive in 2016. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted and used to quantify uncertainty.ResultsOver the lifetime, incidence is predicted to decrease by 5.2% (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 4.6 to 5.7) for ischaemic heart disease (IHD), 6.6% (95% UI 5.9 to 7.4) for haemorrhagic strokes, 4.8% (95% UI 4.2 to 5.4) for ischaemic strokes and 12.9% (95% UI 12.4 to 13.5) for hypertensive heart disease (HHD). Mortality over the lifetime is projected to reduce by 5.1% (95% UI 4.5 to 5.6) for IHD, by 6.9% (95% UI 6.1 to 7.7) for haemorrhagic stroke, by 4.5% (95% UI 4.0 to 5.1) for ischaemic stroke and by 13.3% (95% UI 12.9 to 13.7) for HHD. About 776 400 (95% UI 712 600 to 841 200) health-adjusted life years could be gained, and life expectancy might increase by 0.23 years and 0.20 years for men and women, respectively. A projected 16.8% change (reduction) between 2016 and 2030 in probability of premature mortality due to CVD would occur if population salt reduction recommended by WHO is attained.ConclusionAchieving the 30% reduction in sodium intake recommended by WHO could considerably decrease the burden of CVD. Targeting blood pressure via decreasing population salt intake could translate in significant reductions in premature CVD mortality in Cameroon by 2030.

scholarly journals Effects of Olive Oil on Blood Pressure: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Mechanistic Evidence

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marika Massaro ◽  
Egeria Scoditti ◽  
Maria Annunziata Carluccio ◽  
Nadia Calabriso ◽  
Giuseppe Santarpino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Impact

The increasing access to antihypertensive medications has improved longevity and quality of life in hypertensive patients. Nevertheless, hypertension still remains a major risk factor for stroke and myocardial infarction, suggesting the need to implement management of pre- and hypertensive patients. In addition to antihypertensive medications, lifestyle changes, including healthier dietary patterns, such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and the Mediterranean diet, have been shown to favorably affect blood pressure and are now recommended as integrative tools in hypertension management. An analysis of the effects of nutritional components of the Mediterranean diet(s) on blood pressure has therefore become mandatory. After a literature review of the impact of Mediterranean diet(s) on cardiovascular risk factors, we here analyze the effects of olive oil and its major components on blood pressure in healthy and cardiovascular disease individuals and examine underlying mechanisms of action. Both experimental and human studies agree in showing anti-hypertensive effects of olive oil. We conclude that due to its high oleic acid and antioxidant polyphenol content, the consumption of olive oil may be advised as the optimal fat choice in the management protocols for hypertension in both healthy and cardiovascular disease patients.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Receptor Activation Mitigates the Impact of Uremia on Endothelial Function in the 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ruth Wu-Wong ◽  
William Noonan ◽  
Masaki Nakane ◽  
Kristin A. Brooks ◽  
Jason A. Segreti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
The Impact

Endothelial dysfunction increases cardiovascular disease risk in chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study investigates whether VDR activation affects endothelial function in CKD. The 5/6 nephrectomized (NX) rats with experimental chronic renal insufficiency were treated with or without paricalcitol, a VDR activator. Thoracic aortic rings were precontracted with phenylephrine and then treated with acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside. Uremia significantly affected aortic relaxation (% in NX rats versus % in SHAM at 30 M acetylcholine). The endothelial-dependent relaxation was improved to –%, –%, and –% in NX rats treated with paricalcitol at 0.021, 0.042, and 0.083 g/kg for two weeks, respectively, while paricalcitol at 0.042 g/kg did not affect blood pressure and heart rate. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) suppression alone did not improve endothelial function since cinacalcet suppressed PTH without affecting endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation. N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester completely abolished the effect of paricalcitol on improving endothelial function. These results demonstrate that VDR activation improves endothelial function in CKD.

P6278Ageing is associated with increased endothelial sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 expression at arterial sites at risk promoting enhanced anthocyanin accumulation and improved vascular oxidative stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A B Chaker ◽  
P Algara-Suarez ◽  
L Remila ◽  
C Bruckert ◽  
S H Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vascular Oxidative Stress

Abstract Introduction Ageing is characterized by endothelial dysfunction and vascular oxidative stress affecting initially arterial sites at risk. Anthocyanin-rich products are potent stimulators of the endothelial formation of nitric oxide. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT1) expression has been shown to be increased by oxidative stress and mediate anthocyanin uptake in endothelial cells. Purpose The study determined whether ageing is associated with an upregulation of SGLT1 in arterio-susceptible (aortic arch) and resistant (aorta) sites, and evaluated the vascular SGLT1-mediated anthocyanin uptake. In addition, the impact of a 2-week ingestion of an anthocyanin-rich blackcurrant concentrate (ARBC) by old rats on vascular anthocyanin uptake and oxidative stress, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) was assessed. Methods Male Wistar rats (22-month old) were either untreated or treated with ARBC (60 and 120 mg/kg/day) in the drinking water for 2 weeks. SGLT1 expression was assessed by immunofluorescence, anthocyanin accumulation by Neu A reagent using a purified extract (BCE) prepared from ARBC, oxidative stress by dihydroethidium using confocal microscopy, and SBP by tail-cuff sphingomanometry. Results SGLT1 immunofluorescence was observed predominantly in the endothelium and was higher in the aortic arch than the aorta in old rats whereas only low levels were observed in young rats (12-week old). Exposure of vascular sections to BCE resulted in anthocyanin uptake exclusively in the endothelium, which was higher in the aortic arch than the aorta, and more pronounced in old than young rats. Anthocyanin uptake induced by BCE in the aorta was markedly reduced by LX4211 (a SGLT1/2 inhibitor) both in old and young rats. A high level of oxidative stress was observed throughout the aortic wall of old compared to young rats, which was inhibited by LX4211. Ingestion of ARBC by old rats resulted in a dose-dependent accumulation of anthocyanins throughout the aorta wall and the aortic arch. The tissue accumulation of anthocyanins was associated with a reduced level of oxidative stress. Ageing was associated with increased SBP by about 8 mmHg, which was reduced by ARBC 60 and 120 mg/kg/day treatment by about 5 and 7 mmHg, respectively. Conclusion The present findings indicate that ageing is associated with an upregulation of SGLT1 predominantly in the endothelium and that this effect is more pronounced at the aortic arch than the aorta. The increased endothelial expression level of SGLT1 promoted a greater accumulation of anthocyanins sensitive to LX4211. In addition, a 2-week ingestion of ARBC by old rats resulted in the accumulation of anthocyanins throughout the arterial wall of the aortic arch and aorta, and resulted in a reduced level of oxidative stress and systolic blood pressure. Thus, SGLT1 may be an attractive target to restore vascular protection at arterial sites at risk by promoting endothelial and vascular uptake of anthocyanins.

scholarly journals Effects of β-adrenergic receptor agonists on drinking and arterial blood pressure in young and old rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (4) ◽  
pp. R1001-R1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Thunhorst ◽  
Connie L. Grobe ◽  
Terry G. Beltz ◽  
Alan Kim Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Old Rats

These experiments examined water-drinking and arterial blood pressure responses to β-adrenergic receptor activation in young (4 mo), “middle-aged” adult (12 mo), and old (29 mo) male rats of the Brown-Norway strain. We used isoproterenol to simultaneously activate β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors, salbutamol to selectively activate β2-adrenergic receptors, and the combination of isoproterenol and the β2-adrenergic receptor antagonist ICI 118,551 to stimulate only β1-adrenergic receptors. Animals received one of the drug treatments, and water drinking was measured for 90 min. About 1 wk later, animals received the same drug treatment for measurement of arterial blood pressure responses for 90 min. In some rats, levels of renin and aldosterone secretion in response to isoproterenol or salbutamol were measured in additional tests. Old and middle-aged rats drank significantly less after isoproterenol than did young rats and also had greater reductions in arterial blood pressure. Old and middle-aged rats drank significantly less after salbutamol than did young rats, although reductions in arterial blood pressure were equivalent across the ages. The β2-adrenergic antagonist ICI 118,551 abolished drinking after isoproterenol and prevented most of the observed hypotension. Renin secretion after isoproterenol and salbutamol was greater in young rats than in middle-aged rats, and wholly absent in old rats. Aldosterone secretion was reduced in old rats compared with young and middle-aged rats after treatment with isoproterenol, but not after treatment with salbutamol. In conclusion, there are age-related differences in β-adrenergic receptor-mediated drinking that can be explained only in part by age-related differences in renin secretion after β-adrenergic receptor stimulation.

scholarly journals STUDIES IN EDEMA

1909 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-640
Author(s):  
Moyer S. Fleisher ◽  
Leo Loeb
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Short Time

1. As a result of the intravenous infusion of a solution of sodium chloride a characteristic curve indicating the fluid retained in the vascular system is obtained. In the first period of the infusion the maximum of retention of fluid is noted. Then more fluid is removed from the blood vessels, so that for a short time a fall in the curve of dilution takes place, after which the dilution again slowly increases. 2. This curve is not materially changed by the addition of calcium chloride or of adrenalin to the infused solution, and under such conditions adrenalin does not lead to an increased pressing out of fluid from the vascular system, although is causes a constant and decided rise in blood pressure. Myocarditic lesions lead to an increased intravascular retention of fluid. Nephrectomy does not lead to an increased intravascular retention of fluid, but probably causes a diminution of the amount of fluid retained in the blood vessels.

scholarly journals A Study to Assess the Prevalence of Depression in Cardiovascular Disease Patient in The Nilgiris Population: Association with Blood Pressure

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1214-1219
Author(s):  
Asish Kumar Saha ◽  
Asem Veeves Singh ◽  
Kavuri Srikar ◽  
Anand Vijayakumar P R
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Disease Patient ◽  
Blood Pressure Level ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cardiac Morbidity ◽  
The Nilgiris ◽  
The Impact

Depression is a common disorder in Cardio-vascular patients with a prevalence of twenty percent (20%) to forty five percent (45%), which is much more frequent than in the general population. Depressive symptoms are often overlooked in cardiac patients and their manifestation, especially after MI, is considered normal. Almost every life-threatening condition, including MI, stimulates the hypothalamus to secrete the corticotropic-releasing hormone, which stimulates the HPA axis. The two-way connection between depression and heart disease, which share the pathophysiological mechanism of origin, affects the prognosis of post-infarction recovery of depressed patients due to the impact of depression on the HPA axis activation, endothelial dysfunction, platelet reactivation and enhanced inflammatory response. An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at secondary care government hospitals located at the Nilgiris district on different cardiovascular disease patients using HAM-D questionnaires for the assessment of depression. In this study, the level of depression in cardiovascular disease patients were assessed associating with patient variability in relation to age, gender, education, food habits, social habits, duration of disease and blood pressure values. There was a significant increase in depression score with the increase in blood pressure level. The patients were found to be having depression even though they were on cardiovascular treatment after they were being diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. With the treatment of cardiovascular disease conditions, the assessment for depression should be done and if required, depending on the level of depression, counselling and/with psychotherapy (eg. Cognitive behavioural therapy) may be recommended to avoid cardiac morbidity and mortality.  

scholarly journals Multimorbidity patterns among COVID-19 deaths: proposal for the construction of etiological models

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Julián A. Fernández-Niño ◽  
John A. Guerra-Gómez ◽  
Alvaro J. Idrovo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Probability Of Death ◽  
Polynomial Regressions

Objectives. To describe patterns of multimorbidity among fatal cases of COVID-19, and to propose a classification of patients based on age and multimorbidity patterns to begin the construction of etiological models. Methods. Data of Colombian confirmed deaths of COVID-19 until June 11, 2020, were included in this analysis (n=1488 deaths). Relationships between COVID-19, combinations of health conditions and age were explored using locally weighted polynomial regressions. Results. The most frequent health conditions were high blood pressure, respiratory disease, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease. Dyads more frequents were high blood pressure with diabetes, cardiovascular disease or respiratory disease. Some multimorbidity patterns increase probability of death among older individuals, whereas other patterns are not age-related, or decrease the probability of death among older people. Not all multimorbidity increases with age, as is commonly thought. Obesity, alone or with other diseases, was associated with a higher risk of severity among young people, while the risk of the high blood pressure/diabetes dyad tends to have an inverted U distribution in relation with age. Conclusions. Classification of individuals according to multimorbidity in the medical management of COVID-19 patients is important to determine the possible etiological models and to define patient triage for hospitalization. Moreover, identification of non-infected individuals with high-risk ages and multimorbidity patterns serves to define possible interventions of selective confinement or special management.

scholarly journals The impact of lemon aromateraphy and breath relaxation in blood pressure on hypertensive elderly at Patukan Gamping Sleman Yogyakarta

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Ana Apriana Murtianingsih ◽  
Edy Suprayitno
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Experiment Research ◽  
Heart Performance ◽  
Equivalent Control ◽  
The Impact

Hypertension is defined as the increase of chronicle blood pressure that is usually happened on elderly people. Hypertension belongs to one of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) that becomes the cause of 80% mortality in Indonesia. One of non-pharmacological medical treatment for hypertension was by using the lemon aromatic therapy and inner relaxation breath. This therapy aims to give calming and comforting effect that leads to the decrease of heart performance and blood pressure.To find out the impact of lemon aromatic therapy and inner breath relaxation toward blood pressure on elderly people’s hypertension. This research belongs to Quasy Experiment Research Design by implementing Non Equivalent Control Groupwith one treatment group and one controlled group. This research implemented total sampling technique with 22 respondents in total. The mann-whitneystatistical analysis showed that p value 0,000 of the diastole blood pressure was at 0,016 with trustworthiness at α 0,05. There is impact of lemon aromatic therapy and inner relaxation breath toward the decrease of blood pressure on the hypertension patient. The patient of hypertension is suggested to use lemon aromatic therapy and inner relaxation breath as one of non-pharmacological medical treatment that can reduce the high blood pressure.

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