scholarly journals Citizenship as Politics and Performance of Religious Identity: Hindu Refugees from Sindh

2021 ◽  
pp. 003802292110510
Author(s):  
Mohita Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Political Space ◽  
Lower Caste ◽  
And Performance

Drawing from the ethnographic insights and experiences of Pakistani Hindu refugees in Rajasthan, India, this article examines their agency, politics and dilemmas. It illustrates how they actively participate in the process of their ‘becoming citizens’ by making use of the majoritarian political space and nationalist ‘Hindu India’ imagery. Their expressions of a cohesive Hindu identity, however, remain illusionary and incomplete as they do not correspond with the lived realities of fractures, antagonisms and heterogeneities within various Hindu communities. These differentiations also lay open the hierarchies within Hindu refugees and enable an analysis of citizenship as a continued, contested and differentiated process based on caste and class locations of the refugees. For the lower-caste/-class refugees, their citizenship assertions go beyond the point of acquiring legal citizenship and merges with the struggles of native Dalits. Through these variegated expressions and claims of citizenship of Hindu refugees, this article foregrounds the idea of citizenship as performative and processual, and not necessarily contingent on legal status or state’s sovereignty logic of citizen/non-citizen binary.

scholarly journals IMPORTANCE-PERFORMANCE MATRIX ANALYSIS OF KOTA BHARU’S ISLAMIC CITY IMAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasnina Hassan ◽  
Shida Irwana Omar ◽  
Ghazali Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Matrix Analysis ◽  
City Image ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Performance Matrix ◽  
Islamic Identity ◽  
State Capital ◽  
And Performance ◽  
International Visitors

In 2005, Kota Bharu as the Kelantan state capital in Malaysia was rebranded from a Cultural City to an Islamic City and projecting its image as an Islamic identity. Limited studies have been undertaken to assess city image from the perspective of visitors. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the perception of visitors on the importance and performance of the Islamic city image of Kota Bharu. Data were gathered using a self-administered survey questionnaire among domestic and international visitors in Kota Bharu in 2018. The questionnaire was prepared based on ten categories of Islamic Built Environmental factors, namely; natural environment, social need and human comfort, religious identity, tolerance, layout, elements of Jannah (paradise), intellectual and knowledge, cleanliness, economic system, and safety setting. The data were analysed quantitatively using partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed that visitors considered "Religious Identity" as the most important attribute which reached a satisfactory level, while other factors also needed to be addressed. The findings are expected to contribute to a better understanding of stakeholders in enhancing the image of Islam Bharu for management and marketing purposes.

Maronite Music: History, Transmission, and Performance Practice

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilnard Moufarrej
Keyword(s):  
Performance Practice ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
New World ◽  
Music History ◽  
Political Freedom ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Religious Music ◽  
Geographic Boundaries ◽  
And Performance

This essay discusses the music of the Maronite Church, a Christian church based in Lebanon. It provides an overview of the chants used in religious services and examines their transmission and performance practice. The Maronites have always faced challenges to maintain their identity and preserve their heritage while adapting to their cultural milieu. Their religious music reflects the dichotomy between safeguarding tradition and accepting contemporary trends. Since the late nineteenth century, Maronites looking for better opportunities and political freedom have increasingly immigrated to the New World, where they face new challenges to preserving their religious identity while assimilating to the culture of their new homeland. Therefore, this essay reaches beyond the traditional geographic boundaries of the Maronite Church in Lebanon to examine issues in the transmission of Maronite music in the diaspora.

REFLECTIONS ON RELIGIOUS DIFFERENCE AND PERMISSIVE INCLUSION IN MUGHAL LAW

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandini Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Moral Code ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
The Concept Of Law ◽  
Legal Concepts ◽  
Criminal Matters

AbstractThis article investigates the “pre-history” of the colonial and postcolonial personal (status) laws of India, which tie religious identity with legal status, particularly in matters of family law. It examines the concept of law and legal jurisdictions in Mughal India (1526-early eighteenth century; officially 1857): a unique political formation in which an Islamic state ruled over a populace which was predominantly non-Muslim. Using Mughal official orders, Persian-language legal documents produced between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, and Persian-language legal formularies, the article proposes that despite frequent local delegation, the Mughals, their officials, and their subjects did not conceive of law as divided up into several religion-based jurisdictions. Instead, an inclusive operationalization ofshariʿa1(Islamic moral code, in a more specific sense Islamic law) appears to have popularized Islamic legal concepts and forms, and a host of pragmatic concerns attracted many who were not Muslims to the courts of the imperially appointedqazis(Islamic judges). Based on this evidence, this article proposes that Mughal India represents an instance of widespread “permissive inclusion” intoshariʿa, whereby in non-criminal matters theqazis' courts allowed and attracted, but did not require, all Mughal subjects to avail of their civil jurisdiction. This proposition is examined further in connection with the acrid debates between late Mughal administrators (particularly, Muhammad Reza Khan of Bengal) and their British overlords. It is thus suggested that while instituting colonial rule in the late eighteenth century, British imperialists also introduced a new concept of religion-based distribution of legal authority to India.

scholarly journals Leadership, Identity and Performance: The Nature and Effect of ‘Prototypicality’ in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-213
Author(s):  
David Hudson ◽  
Claire Mcloughlin ◽  
Anna Margret ◽  
Yolanda Pandjaitan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Leadership Development ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Leadership Identity ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Context Specific

What makes a leader worthy of support? The article uses novel survey and experimental data from Indonesia to test the proposition that identity trumps performance for citizens perceptions of their political leaders. The results confirm theories of ‘prototypicality’—leaders that best reflect and represent the identity of the group tend to be more trusted and have a licence to fail. We argue and show that the dimensions of identity that matter most varies and is context specific. In the Indonesian context religious identity is most important. But the data also suggest that this varies across space, time, and follower identity: We show that gender matters, as women are less easily persuaded by prototypicality. We conclude by reflecting on the implications for leaders, politics and support for leadership development.

REZEKNE SEZ – 20 YEARS OF ACHIEVEMENT AND FUTURE CHALLENGE

Via Latgalica ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Sandra Ežmale
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
City Council ◽  
Structural Fund ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Performance

Rēzekne Special Economic Zone (RSEZ) was established in 1997 as state stock company in order to promote trade, develop production and transport, as well as import and export of goods through Latvia. RSEZ administers state aid in form of tax allowances. During the 20 years of the history of RSEZ several substantial changes have taken place, determining overall development of RSEZ. In 2004 the legal status of the organization was changed due to amendments in legal acts of Latvia. It was reformed from a non-profit organization into a stock company. The ministry of Economics of the Republic of Latvia handed over its stocks of RSEZ to Rēzekne city; subsequently from 2004 to 2010 55% of the stocks were owned by Rēzekne City Council. Regardless of the fact that the control interest was owned by public institutions, RSEZ was a subject of private law and that contradicted the aim of the establishment of RSEZ i. e. promotion of regional development. It determined the necessity to make changes in the functioning of RSEZ. As a result the legal status of RSEZ was changed again in 2010 from stock company to joint municipal institution and amendments with regard to the territory of RSEZ were made. Simultaneously with the aforementioned transitions the economic and politic situation in the country changed – in 2004 Latvia became a member state of the European Union and harmonization of legal acts was performed in accordance with the requirements of the EU. Since 2004 several times substantial amendments have been made in the legal acts regulating the operation of RSEZ and overall its competitiveness and attractiveness for the investments has decreased. Nevertheless the last five years had been the most successful since the establishment of RSEZ. It is possible to distinguish two stages in the development of RSEZ 1) 1997–2010; 2) 2010 – up to nowadays. Altogether RSEZ enterprises (since 2001) have invested almost 150 million euros, from which 120 million euros had been invested in last 10 years and 80 million euros – in last 5 years. The turnover of RSEZ enterprises in 2016 was 84.5 million euros (70.5 million euros – in 2015). In comparison with 2009 the turnover of RSEZ enterprises has increased by 60 million euros or more than 3 times. In the recent years prospects of growth and investment attraction in Latvia and Europe are encumbered by political instability and slow economic growth of Eurozone. Certainly an important factor for investment attraction is developed and qualitative business infrastructure. Therefore significant is the role of the initiatives of municipalities related to implementation of EU Structural Fund financed projects in RSEZ territory as well as proactive work of RSEZ in investment attraction. The paper describes the RSEZ regulatory framework, activities and results achieved in the past, as well as future challenges. The research has been based on the database of RSEZ business research and analysis information system, as well as on the European Union and Latvian policy and development planning documents, laws and regulations. It was found that the RSEZ results and performance indicators have improved after the change of the legal status of RSEZ in 2010. RSEZ enterprises make an important contribution to the development of Rēzekne city and Rēzekne region.

Contesting Subjecthood and Sovereignty in Ottoman Galata in the Age of Confessionalization: The Carazo Affair, 1613-1617

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tijana Krstić
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
North African ◽  
Large Segment ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract In the early 1610s, communities of diplomats and traders with the status of müste’min (foreign resident) in Ottoman Galata were put on alert by the concerted attempt of certain Ottoman officials, especially the kadı of Galata, to extract from them the harac—the tax typically paid only by the ḏimmis (non-Muslim subjects of the sultan). Interwoven into this legal and diplomatic crisis is another story that sheds an interesting light on the entire affair. In 1609 Spanish king Philip III proclaimed the expulsion of Moriscos—(forcibly) Christianized Spanish Muslims—from the Iberian peninsula, triggering a massive exodus of a large segment of population into North Africa, but also to Ottoman Constantinople, via France and Venice. Although Constantinople received a significantly smaller number of refugees than North African principalities under Ottoman suzerainty, the impact of the Morisco diaspora was disproportionally large. In Constantinople, the refugees were settled in Galata, in what appears to be a deliberate attempt by the Ottoman authorities to change the confessional make-up of this overtly non-Muslim section of the city. This is how the fierce economic and confessional competition among the local, already established trading and diplomatic communities and the newcomers began. The paper will reconstruct these competitive relationships on the basis of Ottoman, Venetian, and French contemporary sources by focusing on the incidents surrounding the attempted imposition of the harac on foreign residents and the attempted takeover of Galata churches by the Morisco refugees. It appears that the arrival of the Moriscos and familiarity with their plight in Spain prompted Ottoman officials to rethink the legal status and the notions of extra-territoriality in relation to religious identity in the Ottoman context as well.

scholarly journals AN EVALUATION OF HEDGE FUNDS: RISK, RETURN AND PITFALLS

2002 ◽  
Vol 47 (01) ◽  
pp. 153-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCIS KOH ◽  
DAVID K. C. LEE ◽  
KOK FAI PHOON
Keyword(s):  
Hedge Funds ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Hedge Fund ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Risk And Return ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Empirical Risk ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Short Sell ◽  
Risk Dimensions

Hedge funds are collective investment vehicles fast becoming popular with high net worth individuals as well as institutional investors. These are funds that are often established with a special legal status that allows their investment managers a free hand to use derivatives, short sell and exploit leverage to raise returns and cushion risk. Given that they have substantial latitude to invest, it is instructive to examine the performance of hedge funds as compared to other forms of managed funds. This paper provides an overview of hedge funds and discusses their empirical risk and return profiles. It also poses some concerns regarding the empirical measurements. Given the complexity of hedge fund investments, meaningful analytical methods are required to provide greater risk transparency and performance reporting. Hedge fund performance is also beset by a number of practical issues generating "practical risks". These risks are not fully addressed by the usual risk-adjusted performance measures in the literature. A penalty function to discount these extraneous risk dimensions is proposed. The paper concludes that further empirical work is required to provide informative statistics about the risk and return of hedge funds.

Actualizing the Ideal of Functioning Citizenship

Fully Human ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 220-242
Author(s):  
Lindsey N. Kingston
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Current System ◽  
Human Suffering ◽  
Political Space ◽  
State Recognition ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Theory To Practice ◽  
Practical Recommendations ◽  
First Offers ◽  
The Ideal

Guided by the limitations of traditional citizenship, Chapter 9 seeks to move the ideal of functioning citizenship from theory to practice. After we reevaluate how we see the problem, we must then adjust our responses it. This chapter first offers “practical” recommendations for filling protection gaps and alleviating some immediate causes of human suffering. These recommendations include legal, bureaucratic, and policy responses to hierarchies of personhood. While these steps are useful starting points, they are not (and will never be) enough. Instead, actualizing the ideal of functioning citizenship further requires expanding our notion of citizenship to include political space for those who cannot be neatly categorized as citizens or noncitizens. By acknowledging the limitations of our current system—and recognizing the existence of hierarchies of personhood—we can begin the difficult work of broadening political membership and de-linking worthiness from legal status and state recognition.

Католическое меньшинство на дону: риски сохранения конфессиональной идентичности

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Andriej Władimirowicz Biedrik
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cultural Reproduction ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Official Position

The article researches the problem of preserving the identity of the traditional confessional minorities in contemporary Russian society (for example, the Catholic community of Rostov region). Authors analyze the current status of its socio-cultural reproduction. Historically, the Catholic minority was always present in the confessional portrait of the Don region. It is confirmed by the pre-revolutionary census. Soviet period and the policy of state atheism have significantly reduced the demographic set of the Catholic community. Since 1990s. Catholic parishes began to revive. But this process is accompanied by a number of endogenous and exogenous complexities. The category of endogenous risk reproduction of Don Catholic community included a reduction of ethnic groups that traditionally profess Catholicism (Poles, Germans, Lithuanians) in the regional population. At the same time under the influence of migration flows increased presence in the region, Armenian Catholics and Catholics among Ukrainians that strengthens claims of members of the religious community to change the traditional (Latin) rite in favor of the Eastern Christian (Byzantine) rite. At the level of everyday life confessional community play ethnic and racial segregation, impeding the consolidation of the group, its demographic growth due to intra-marriages. The growth of the community by neophytes complicated by strict rules incorporating new members, as well as the official rejection of the Roman Catholic Church of proselytism in Russia. Exogenous factors socio-cultural reproduction of religious groups is the difficulty in resolving the legal status of the community, land and property issues in the places of worship, public perception of Catholics among the population and the authorities. Despite the convergence of the official position of the Roman Catholic Church and the Russian Orthodox Church on a number of issues, the legal status of the Catholic community in Russia is often marginal. This is due to including with the problems of presence on the territory of the Russian Catholic clergy, mainly consisting of a number of citizens of foreign countries (Poland, Ukraine, and others.). In such circumstances, and taking into account the total secularization of Russian society can predict a further reduction in the Catholic community and the replacement of religious identity of its members, especially among young people.

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