scholarly journals Male Breadwinning Revisited: How Specialisation, Gender Role Attitudes and Work Characteristics Affect Overwork and Underwork in Europe

Sociology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shireen Kanji ◽  
Robin Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Work Characteristics ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Average Marginal Effects ◽  
Work And Life

We examine how male breadwinning and fatherhood relate to men’s overwork and underwork in western Europe. Male breadwinners should be less likely to experience overwork than other men, particularly when they have children, if specialising in paid work suits them. However, multinomial logistic regression analysis of the European Social Survey data from 2010 ( n = 4662) challenges this position: male breadwinners, with and without children, want to work fewer than their actual hours, making visible one of the downsides of specialisation. Male breadwinners wanting to work fewer hours is specifically related to the job interfering with family life, as revealed by a comparison of the average marginal effects of variables across models. Work–life interference has an effect over and beyond the separate effects of work characteristics and family structure, showing the salience of the way work and life articulate.

scholarly journals Conservation motivation, social equality and left-right ideological preferences in Western and Eastern Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márton Hadarics
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Great Part ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

We investigated how attitudes towards social equality can influence the relationship between conservation motivation (or openness) and personal ideological preferences on the left-right dimension, and how this relationship pattern differs between Western and Central & Eastern European (CEE) respondents. Using data from the European Social Survey (2012) we found that individual-level of conservation motivation reduces cultural egalitarianism in both the Western European and the CEE regions, but its connection with economic egalitarianism is only relevant in the CEE region where it fosters economic egalitarianism. Since both forms of egalitarianism were related to leftist ideological preferences in Western Europe, but in the CEE region only economic egalitarianism was ideologically relevant, we concluded that the classic “rigidity of the right” phenomenon is strongly related to cultural (anti)egalitarianism in Western Europe. At the same time, conservation motivation serves as a basis for the “rigidity of the left” in the post-socialist CEE region, in a great part due to the conventional egalitarian economic views.

Arrived in Power, and Yet Still Disgruntled? How Government Inclusion Moderates ‘Protest Voting’ for Far-Right Populist Parties in Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Jasper Muis ◽  
Tobias Brils ◽  
Teodora Gaidytė
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
Political Dissatisfaction

Abstract While debates about far-right populism often concentrate on Central and Eastern Europe, research on these parties predominantly focuses on Western countries. Addressing this remarkable gap, this article revisits the ‘protest voting’ explanation for electoral support for the far right. Using European Social Survey data (2002–16) from 22 countries, we show that political dissatisfaction is a stronger explanatory factor when far-right parties are in opposition, but is a less important determinant of electoral support when they are in government. Previous findings based on Western Europe – which similarly showed that the anti-elite hypothesis is less relevant when far-right parties join government coalitions – travel well to post-communist European countries. In Hungary and Poland, we even find that far-right voters have become less distrustful of national political institutions than the rest of the electorate. Our conclusion implies that anti-elite populism is context-dependent and has limited use for understanding successes of leaders such as Wilders, Salvini and Orbán.

Political Consumerism in Central and Eastern Europe

2018 ◽  
pp. 478-514
Author(s):  
Léna Pellandini-Simányi ◽  
Emese Gulyás
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Political Action ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Political Consumerism ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Everyday Ethics ◽  
East West

This chapter compares political consumerism in Western Europe and Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) as well as within the CEE region, using European Social Survey, Special Eurobarometer, Fairtrade sales, and qualitative data. The chapter begins by discussing the largely neglected legacy of the socialist era for political consumerism. The discussion then compares European countries along twenty-two aspects of political consumerism, encompassing everyday consumer choices, attitudes, and awareness. The chapter shows, first, that certain forms of political consumerism cross-cut the East-West divide. Second, it proposes a threefold classification of the CEE countries (Mainstreamer, Reluctant Comfortable, and Passively Willing). Finally, the chapter outlines a version of political consumerism, referred to as the embedded politics of everyday life, prevalent in CEE, which differs from its Western counterpart in that it is less linked to political action and more to everyday ethics, such as thrift and patriotism.

scholarly journals The radical right, the labour movement and the competition for the workers’ vote

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja Mosimann ◽  
Line Rennwald ◽  
Adrian Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
Non Union ◽  
Radical Right Parties ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Better Than

This article analyses the capacity of radical right parties to attract support from union members in recent elections in Western Europe. It is argued that unionized voters resist the appeals of the radical right better than non-union members. Using data from the European Social Survey 2010–2016, the article shows that union members are overall less likely to vote for the radical right than non-union members. Even though it is found that unionized working-class and middle-class voters are less likely to vote radical right than their non-unionized peers in the pooled sample, it is also observed that these subgroups of unionized voters and especially unionized working-class voters are not immune to radical right voting in all the countries analysed. The article thus indicates a growing capacity of the radical right to attract unionized working-class segments of the electorate in some countries and to directly compete with left parties for these voters.

Global Exposure and Openness: Comparative Analysis of Japan, South Korea and Taiwan

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Chang Tsai ◽  
Noriko Iwai
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Socio Economic Variables

Abstract This empirical study investigates the phenomenon of global mobility and networking at a quotidian level. A typology of global experience is constructed to characterize the qualitative distinctions among individuals’ involvement in global flows. Derived from our understanding of individual border-crossing mobility and transnational relationships, we propose a system of four contrasts: the “global exposed,” “global surfer,” “networked,” and the “local.” Using East Asian Social Survey data, our empirical study compares three Asian countries. It is found that Japan produces more global surfers while Taiwan and South Korea produce more of the global exposed. Locals, however, still account for a large share of the population in all three countries. This study further investigates global exposure as a class-stratified phenomenon by modeling it on various socio-economic variables as well as on speaking English as a form of cultural capital. A multinomial logistic regression analysis shows that the “global exposed” group represents a very select population with rich resources and capital. Despite this notable difference – or perhaps because of it – they, as well as the globally networked, are found to be more likely to accept the increase in foreign workers, imports, and foreign cultural artifacts than are locals and global surfers.

scholarly journals Work-Life Imbalance in Extended Working Lives: Domestic Divisions of Labour and Partners’ Perceptions of Job Pressures of Non-Retiring Older Workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-311
Author(s):  
Andreas Cebulla ◽  
Nathan Hudson-Sharp ◽  
Lucy Stokes ◽  
David Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Later Life ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Domestic Labour ◽  
Life Analysis

Abstract Extending working lives prolongs existing patterns of time spent in work or with family into later life. Analysis of European Social Survey data shows a widening in inequitable domestic divisions of labour in households with post-retirement age workers. We explore partners’ perceptions of older workers’ job pressures when close to or beyond retirement age. Partners’ concerns about job pressures are found not to be immediately associated with inequitable divisions of domestic labour but with the extent to which workers can determine the organisation of paid work and, specifically, tiredness after work. The paper argues that note should be taken of these concerns as they may be indicative of risks of intra-domestic stress. Zusammenfassung: Ungleichgewicht zwischen Beruf und Privatleben im verlängerten Arbeitsleben: Arbeitsteilung im Haushalt und Wahrnehmung des Arbeitsdrucks älterer Arbeitnehmer durch deren Partner Die Verlängerung des Arbeitslebens verschiebt auch die bestehende Arbeitszeit- oder das Familienleben zu späteren Zeitpunkten im Leben. Die Analyse der Daten des European Social Survey zeigt, dass sich die ungleiche Arbeitsteilung in Haushalten mit Arbeitnehmern, die über das Renteneintrittsalter hinaus beschäftigt sind, ausweitet. Wir untersuchen, wie Partner den Arbeitsdruck älterer Arbeitnehmer, die kurz vor oder nach Erreichen des typischen Renteneintrittsalter stehen, wahrnehmen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Besorgnis der Partner älterer Beschäftigter über die Verantwortung und den Druck nicht unmittelbar mit einer ungleichen Verteilung von Hausarbeit verbunden ist, sondern mit dem Ausmaß, in dem die Arbeitenden ihren Arbeitstag selbst organisieren können und insbesondere auch mit der Müdigkeit nach der Arbeit. In dem Papier wird argumentiert, dass diese Bedenken zur Kenntnis genommen werden sollten, insoweit sie auf ein Risiko von Stress innerhalb der Beziehung hindeuten.

Psychological aspects of well-being and socio-demographic values: results from European Social Survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-122
Author(s):  
Andrius Smitas ◽  
Loreta Gustainiene
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Well Being ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Survey Round ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

The aim of the study is to explore links between happiness, optimism, resilience and meaningfulness, and socio-demographic factors in 25 European countries. Research methods. Experts-generated single-item questions from European Social Survey round 6 were used to assess happiness, optimism, resilience, meaningfulness in life. Results. Greater number of years of completed education relates to higher scores of happiness, optimism, meaningfulness and resilience in most European countries. However, in Western Europe and Scandinavian countries age does not relate or positively relates with psychological aspects of well-being, however in most Post-Soviet countries this relationship is negative. Conclusions. Happiness, optimism, meaningfulness and resilience in most European countries were related to age and years of completed education with no specific differences between regions.   Keywords: optimism; resilience; happiness; meaningfulness; demographics      

Lost in transition, found in recession? Satisfaction with democracy in Central Europe before and after economic crises

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-234
Author(s):  
Kláara Vlachová
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Satisfaction With Democracy ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Democratic Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

For decades, research on democracy has produced evidence that the peoples of countries in Central Europe are less satisfied with the way democracy works in their countries than people in Western Europe. Using the data from the European Social Survey (ESS) I explore, how satisfaction with the way democracy works (SWD) changed in these countries between 2004 and 2014 and test the impact of satisfaction with the present state of the economy and trust in parliament on SWD. Results of the analysis reveal that people in Central Europe are still less satisfied with the democratic performance on average than people in Western Europe, but their satisfaction is on the rise especially in countries where the economy performs well, economic performance brings better standard of living, and people share a sense of economic optimism. Results also suggest that in countries where economic optimism is low, political evaluations of “crises in democracy” may play a larger role in explaining satisfaction with democratic performance.

scholarly journals Working Mothers in Finland: A Cross-Country Comparison of Work to Family Interference, Work Characteristics and Satisfaction with Life

2011 ◽  
pp. 71-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirpa Weckström
Keyword(s):  
Working Mothers ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
The Other ◽  
Work Characteristics ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Work Related

In this study it was examined whether work-related experiences of Finnish mothers are different from work-related experiences of mothers in 11 other European countries. The data was based on European Social Survey, round 2, conducted in the years 2004-2005. Descriptive statistics and ordinal regression analysis were used to assess the outcomes. Work to home interference was not especially frequent among mothers in Finland. However, interference that comprised other family members was more common than in the other countries investigated. With regard to work characteristics, Finnish mothers differed both negatively and positively from mothers in the other countries. Long working hours increased time-based interference from work to family members. Time pressure at work increased both time- and strain-based interferences. Social support from co-workers decreased strain-based interference. Work to family member interferences, especially strain-based interference, were negatively connected to life satisfaction. Both working and non-working mothers in Finland appeared to be satisfied with their life.

scholarly journals Defamilialisation Policies and Attitudes and Behaviour Among Mothers in Twelve European Countries. Do results for Denmark, Finland and Sweden differ from the others?

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 5-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirpa Weckström
Keyword(s):  
European Social Survey ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Childcare Policy ◽  
At Home

Diverse family leave and day care policies create varying monetary incentives for mothers to stay at home with their children. They also affect attitudes of mothers and this should influence childcare decisions. In this study, attitudes of mothers towards cutting down on paid work for the sake of family as well as their behaviour regarding childcare at home were studied in 12 European countries. Of special interest were Denmark, Finland and Sweden, three Nordic countries with a long tradition of childcare policies supporting mothers’ work participation. The data is based on the European Social Survey (ESS) Round 2, conducted in 2004 and 2005. The least familialistic attitudes were found in Sweden, Denmark and Finland. A coarse indicator for the effectiveness of childcare policy was devised and indicated that attitudes correlated with the policies in several countries. No correspondence was found between attitudes and average times spent with children at home. Regarding the Nordic countries (particularly Sweden and Finland), the contradictions observed were consistent with childcare policies that affect short- and long-term behaviour in opposite directions. In Finland, a familialistic attitude was relatively common among mothers whose youngest child was under 1-year-old.

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