The Cross-Linking of Cotton Cellulose by Aliphatic Dicarboxylic Acids

1965 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh J. Campbell ◽  
Thomas Francis
Keyword(s):  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Cotton Cellulose ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Aliphatic Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
The Cross

Some Studies on the Cross-Linking of Cotton Cellulose

1960 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 944-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred S. Perkerson ◽  
Wilson A. Reeves ◽  
Verne W. Tripp
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Cellulose ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
The Cross

A Delayed-Curing Cotton Fabric Based on an Internally Catalyzed Cotton Cellulose and Divinyl Sulfone

1969 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley P. Rowland ◽  
Mary Ann F. Brannan
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cotton Cellulose ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Cure Reaction ◽  
Divinyl Sulfone ◽  
Cross Links ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Catalyzed Reactions ◽  
Recovery Angle

2-(Diethylamino)ethyl cotton celluloses in the form of print cloth and at three levels of nitrogen have been quaternized and converted to the strong bases. Studies were made of internally catalyzed reactions of these cotton cellulose quaternary ammonium hydroxides with divinyl sulfone at room temperature in a “wet-cure” and with bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) sulfone in a “bake-cure.” Moderate levels of conditioned wrinkle-recovery angles and high levels of wet wrinkle-recovery angles result from the “wet-cure” reaction. The wrinkle-recovery angles of these modified cotton celluloses are compared to those of the corresponding cotton celluloses cross-linked by conventional external catalysis. The internally catalyzed fabrics from the “wet-cure” are particularly interesting among these compositions with regard to (a) the developed levels of wrinkle-recovery angle, (b) the capability of these compositions to develop high conditioned wrinkle-recovery angles as a result of recure in a “bake-cure” in the absence of external catalysis, and (c) the evidence of mobility of the cross links (i.e., reversibility of the cross-linking reaction followed by reformation of new or old cross linkages) at elevated temperature.

scholarly journals Tailoring the Physico-Chemical Properties of Poly(xylitol-dicarboxylate-co-butylene dicarboxylate) Polyesters by Adjusting the Cross-Linking Time

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1493
Author(s):  
Marta Piątek-Hnat ◽  
Paulina Sładkiewicz ◽  
Kuba Bomba ◽  
Jakub Pęksiński ◽  
Agnieszka Kozłowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sebacic Acid ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Aliphatic Chain ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
The Cross

Determining the cross-linking time resulting in the best achievable properties in elastomers is a very important factor when considering their mass production. In this paper, five biodegradable polymers were synthesized—poly(xylitol-dicarboxylate-co-butylene dicarboxylate) polymers, based on xylitol obtained from renewable sources. Five different dicarboxylic acids with even numbers of carbon atoms in the aliphatic chain were used: succinic acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, and dodecanedioic acid. Samples were taken directly after polycondensation (prepolymer samples) and at different stages of the cross-linking process. Physiochemical properties were determined by a gel fraction test, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), quasi-static tensile tests, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and an in vitro biodegradation test. The best cross-linking time was determined to be 288h. Properties and degradation time can be tailored for specific applications by adjusting the dicarboxylic acid chain length.

Studies on the Cross-Linking of Cotton Cellulose

1961 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verne W. Tripp ◽  
Anna T. Moore ◽  
Mary L. Rollins
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Cellulose ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
The Cross

scholarly journals Investigation of the functional network modifier loading on the stoichiometric ratio of epoxy resins and their dielectric properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Istebreq A. Saeedi ◽  
Sunny Chaudhary ◽  
Thomas Andritsch ◽  
Alun S. Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Network Modifier ◽  
Epoxy Resin System ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Impact

AbstractReactive molecular additives have often been employed to tailor the mechanical properties of epoxy resins. In addition, several studies have reported improved electrical properties in such systems, where the network architecture and included function groups have been modified through the use of so-called functional network modifier (FNM) molecules. The study reported here set out to investigate the effect of a glycidyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (GPOSS) FNM on the cross-linking reactions, glass transition, breakdown strength and dielectric properties of an amine-cured epoxy resin system. Since many previous studies have considered POSS to act as an inorganic filler, a key aim was to consider the impact of GPOSS addition on the stoichiometry of curing. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed significant changes in the cross-linking reactions that occur if appropriate stoichiometric compensation is not made for the additional epoxide groups present on the GPOSS. These changes, in concert with the direct effect of the GPOSS itself, influence the glass transition temperature, dielectric breakdown behaviour and dielectric response of the system. Specifically, the work shows that the inclusion of GPOSS can result in beneficial changes in electrical properties, but that these gains are easily lost if consequential changes in the matrix polymer are not appropriately counteracted. Nevertheless, if the system is appropriately optimized, materials with pronounced improvements in technologically important characteristics can be designed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Surfactant-Modified Montmorillonite on the Cross-Linking Efficiency of Polysiloxanes

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2623
Author(s):  
Monika Wójcik-Bania ◽  
Jakub Matusik
Keyword(s):  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
First Time ◽  
Substituent Influence ◽  
Benzyl Substituent

Polymer–clay mineral composites are an important class of materials with various applications in the industry. Despite interesting properties of polysiloxanes, such matrices were rarely used in combination with clay minerals. Thus, for the first time, a systematic study was designed to investigate the cross-linking efficiency of polysiloxane networks in the presence of 2 wt % of organo-montmorillonite. Montmorillonite (Mt) was intercalated with six quaternary ammonium salts of the cation structure [(CH3)2R’NR]+, where R = C12, C14, C16, and R’ = methyl or benzyl substituent. The intercalation efficiency was examined by X-ray diffraction, CHN elemental analysis, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Textural studies have shown that the application of freezing in liquid nitrogen and freeze-drying after the intercalation increases the specific surface area and the total pore volume of organo-Mt. The polymer matrix was a poly(methylhydrosiloxane) cross-linked with two linear vinylsiloxanes of different siloxane chain lengths between end functional groups. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies have shown that the increase in d-spacing of organo-Mt and the benzyl substituent influence the degree of nanofillers’ exfoliation in the nanocomposites. The increase in the degree of organo-Mt exfoliation reduces the efficiency of hydrosilylation reaction monitored by FTIR. This was due to physical hindrance induced by exfoliated Mt particles.

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