The Photo-Oxidation of Polypropylene Monofilaments

1976 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 590-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Carlsson ◽  
F. R. S. Clark ◽  
D. M. Wiles
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Polypropylene Film ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Photo Oxidation ◽  
Polypropylene Monofilament ◽  
Oxidized Polypropylene

The photo-oxidation of commercial, isotactic polypropylene monofilament, initiated by xenon-arc irradiation in air, leads to the initial accumulation in the fiber surface of both carbonyl species and hydroperoxide groups. These chemical changes are accompanied by a severe drop in the elongation at break. Extended irradiation leads to a substantial accumulation of these oxidation products throughout the fiber and to a loss of tensile strength. Oxidation products were identified and estimated from transmission and internal reflection in spectroscopy [∼C(O)∼ and —OH] and by chemical analysis (—OOH). Marked increases in fiber wettability were also found to accompany photo-oxidation. Distinct differences in product ratios from photo-oxidized polypropylene film and fiber samples were observed. These differences are consistent with the morphological control of the efficiency of initiation after hydroperoxide photocleavage, but are more likely to result from some radical scavenging by the unextractable phenolic additive in the commercial fiber.

scholarly journals Application of Adzuki Bean Starch in Antioxidant Films Containing Cocoa Nibs Extract

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujin Kim ◽  
Su-Kyoung Baek ◽  
Eunjeong Go ◽  
Kyung Song
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Active Packaging ◽  
Adzuki Bean ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Biodegradable Film ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging

In this study, starch extracted from adzuki bean (ABS) was used as a biodegradable film source. In addition, to develop a new antioxidant film, various amounts of cocoa nibs extract (CNE, 0.3%, 0.7%, and 1%) were incorporated. With the addition of CNE, the elongation at break of the ABS films increased and the tensile strength decreased. The ABS films with CNE showed increased 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities with increasing amounts of CNE. In particular, the ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities of the ABS films containing 1% CNE were 100% and 94.9%, respectively. Furthermore, decomposition of the films was observed after 28 days of biodegradation. Thus, ABS films containing CNE can be applied as a new active packaging material.

Preparation and Characterization of Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA)/Polyoxymethylene (POM) Blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 917 ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Haniff ◽  
Mohd Bijarimi ◽  
M.S. Zaidi ◽  
Ahmad Sahrim
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Twin Screw

PLA has limited applications due to its inherent brittleness, toughness and low elongation at break. One of the options for improvement is through blending with polyoxymethylene (POM). Melt blending of polylactic acid (PLA) and polyoxymethylene (POM) at 90/10 PLA/POM composition was carried out in a twin-screw extruder. The PLA/POM was loaded with 1 – 5 wt.% of nanoclay (Cloisite C20). The blends were then characterized for mechanical, morphological, chemical and thermal properties. It was found that tensile strength, Young's modulus, and elongation at break improved when the loadings of nanoclay were increased. Chemical analysis by FTIR revealed that PLA/POM blend is immiscible.

scholarly journals Effect of Fiber Surface Modification on the Interfacial Adhesion and Thermo-Mechanical Performance of Unidirectional Epoxy-Based Composites Reinforced with Bamboo Fibers

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (15) ◽  
pp. 2682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wang ◽  
Min Lu ◽  
Shujue Zhou ◽  
Zhisong Lu ◽  
Siyan Ran
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Interfacial Strength ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Alkali Concentration ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Bamboo Fibers

In this work, bamboo fibers are chemically modified with NaOH solution of 1, 4, and 7 wt% concentrations at room temperature, respectively, and subsequently the untreated and treated fibers are prepared with epoxy resin for unidirectional composites by hot pressing molding technique. Tensile and micro-bond tests are conducted on the composite specimens to obtain mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and modulus, elongation at break, and interfacial strength. Besides, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is employed to perform morphological observations for constituent damages. In addition, the influence of alkali concentration on the thermal performance of epoxy-based composites is examined by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. It is found that composite tensile strength reaches the maximum when the alkali concentration is 4%, increased by 45.24% compared with untreated composites. The composite elongation at break increases on increasing the concentration. Inversely, the composite modulus decreases as the concentration increases. Besides, the results demonstrate that the chemical treatment on the fiber surface could improve interface adhesion, as observed from its topography by SEM. Micro-bond test reveals that there is maximum interfacial shear strength when the alkali concentration is 4%, which increases by 100.30% in comparison with the untreated samples. In case of thermal properties, the DSC analysis indicates that the glass transition temperature is maximized at 4% alkali concentration, which is increased by 12.95%, compared to those from unmodified fibers. In addition, TG results show that the 4% concentration also facilitates thermal stability improvement, indicative of superior interfacial bonding.

scholarly journals Development of Anti-Acne Film from Bio-Cellulose Incorporating Punica granatum Peel Extract

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 765-778
Author(s):  
Preeyawass PHIMNUAN ◽  
Swanya YAKAEW ◽  
Atchariya YOSBOONRUANG ◽  
Witoo LUANGBUDNAK ◽  
Francois GRANDMOTTET ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Peel Extract

The aim of this study was to formulate bio-cellulose film incorporating Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel extract for application as anti-acne product. The dried pomegranate peels were extracted by water (PPEwater), 50 % (PPE50E), 70 % (PPE70E) or 95 % (PPE95E) (v/v) ethanol. The extracts were total phenolic content (TPC) and free radical scavenging activity. PPE50E had highest TPC (55.95±1.44 gGAE/100g of dried peel extract), highest free radical scavenging activity with IC50 of 18.77±1.73 µg/ml and exerted the activity of bactericidal against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acne (P. acne). The PPE50E was selected for formulating anti-acne bio-cellulose (BC) film. The BC film prepared from bacteria Acetobacter xylinum. It showed a strong film with the tensile strength in range of 5 - 15 MPa and the elongation at break about 5 %. The simple soaking method was used to combine BC with 5 or 10 mg/ml of PPE50E. By the SEM, the assemble nano-fibrils and the layer structure of the BC combining with the PPE50E (BCP) was found. The BCP had higher tensile strength and lower elongation at break than the BC. The BCP at wet state showed a soft and flexible film. The anti-bacterial efficacy of the BCP against tested bacteria was observed, according to the disc diffusion assay. The P. acne inhibition zones of the BCP at the concentration of 5 and 10 mg/ml were 27.7 and 35.5 mm which closed to the clindamycin (45.5 mm) as positive control. From the remarkable results, the BCP is interestingly natural device for acne treatment.

Date Seeds Fiber Reinforced Low-Density Polyethylene: Effect of Stearic Acid on its Mechanical and Morphological Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 1021 ◽  
pp. 290-298
Author(s):  
Abduati Elnaid ◽  
N.Z. Noriman
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
Different Content

The effect of different content of steric acid (3, 6 and 9 wt.%) on the mechanical properies (tensile, flexural and impact properties) and morphology of linear low-density polyethylene / date seeds (LLDPE/DS) composites were evaulated in this research. The composites were produced by using extrusion followed by injuction molding process. Results presented that the addition of steric acid at 3 wt.% to the composite has shown highest tensile strength and elongation at break as compared to other treated samples. This is due to the improvement on the fiber surface in presence of SA. However, the tensile strength and elongation at break decreased thereafter treatment with 6% and 9% of SA. Furthermore, the flexural and impact properties have shown the same trend of the tensile properties, this was consistent with the results shown on SEM micrographs.

Effect of Alkali Treatment on the Tensile Behavior and Structure of Betel Nut (Areca catechu) Husk Fiber

2013 ◽  
Vol 701 ◽  
pp. 239-242
Author(s):  
L. Yusriah ◽  
S.M. Sapuan ◽  
E.S. Zainudin ◽  
Jaafar Mustapha Mariatti
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Tensile Behavior ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Areca Catechu

The tensile properties of untreated and alkali treated betel nut husk fiber were investigated using single fiber tensile test method and the fiber structures were observed using SEM technique. The alkali treatment aids in the removal of lignin, hemicellullose and non-cellulosic components such as wax and pectin on the betel nut husk fiber surface, which yields bigger lumen size and rougher betel nut husk fiber surface. The alkali treatment enhanced the elongation at break of betel nut husk fiber but at the expense of tensile strength and Young's modulus.

scholarly journals Influence of Surface Modification on Physical, Mechanical, and Morphological Properties of Natural Single Areca catechu Fiber

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 605-610
Author(s):  
Raghu Patel G. Ranganagowda ◽  
Sakshi Shantharam Kamath ◽  
Ravi Kumar Chandrappa ◽  
Basavaraju Bennehalli
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Treated Fiber ◽  
Surface Modified

In the present study, fibers extracted from empty areca fruit were surface modified by giving chemical treatment with 2% NaOH solutionat laboratory temperature to investigate the effect of alkali treatment onphysical, mechanical, and morphological properties of arecafiber. Tensile strength and Young’s modulus of areca fiber found to decrease with alkali treatment. But improvement in elongation at break of the fiber was observed for alkali treated fiber due to elimination of lignin and hemicelluloses from the fiber surface upon alkali treatment. The results proved that the natural areca fiber is a potential alternative source for strengthening the polymer composite industries.

scholarly journals Effect of Tea Polyphenols on Curdlan/Chitosan Blending Film Properties and Its Application to Chilled Meat Preservation

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Tonglin Xu ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Chong Zhang ◽  
Zhaoxin Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Tea Polyphenols ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Film Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Efficiency ◽  
Elongation At Break

Incorporating phenolic acids into polysaccharide films improves their physical properties, in turn improving their potential commercial applicability as a preservation material for different foods. This study aimed to develop films from curdlan and tea polyphenols, and determine the effect of their contents on the water vapor permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break) of the films. Different ratios of tea polyphenols were incorporated into the curdlan-based films to improve their properties. The results obtained showed that the tensile strength and elongation at break of films were likely to be significantly decreased by adding tea polyphenols, especially at a content of 0.6%, which resulted in a 50% decrease. Meanwhile, the WVP and moisture content of the films was also decreased. However, a low WVP can prevent moisture loss from food. Other film properties, such as antioxidant efficiency, were also investigated. The results showed that the antioxidant potential of the film can be improved by tea polyphenols. The composite films were also applied to the preservation of chilled meat, which resulted in the shelf life being extended by about 3–5 days. Some properties, such as water resistance and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging capacity of the composite film, were improved.

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