Comparison of Catalytic Activities and Textile Mechanical Properties Observed in the Crosslinking of Cotton with Highly Active Catalysts

1976 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 691-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Meyer ◽  
K. Müller ◽  
H. K. Rouette ◽  
H. Zollinger
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Cure Process ◽  
Metal Chlorides ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Acids And Bases ◽  
Recovery Angle

Nine metal chlorides and mixtures of these salts with tartaric acid are compared with hydrochloric acid with regard to catalytic activity in crosslinking cotton fabrics with formaldehyde by the pad-dry-cure process. The sequence of catalytic activity can be rationalized by the hard/soft concept of acids and bases. When highly active catalysts are applied, the relation between dry crease-recovery angle and tensile strength is significantly improved for DMEU-cross-linked fabrics but only marginally improved when formaldehyde is used as the crosslinker.

Comparison of Textile Mechanical Properties of Cotton in Crosslinking with Dimethylolethyleneurea and Formaldehyde

1976 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 813-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Meyer ◽  
K. Müller ◽  
H. Zollinger
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Cure Process ◽  
Recovery Angle ◽  
Varied Concentration ◽  
Very High

Cotton fabrics were crosslinked with dimethylolethyleneurea (DMEU) and with formaldehyde by the pad-dry-cure process. The following parameters were varied: concentration of catalyst (MgCl2) and crosslinking agent, reaction time, and temperature. The crosslinked fabrics were characterized by dry and wet crease-recovery angles, tensile strength, and degree of polymerization. The results show that with DMEU a significantly better dry crease-recovery angle/tensile strength relation is obtainable. This difference is due entirely to a greater degradation of cellulose by hydrolysis in treatments with formaldehyde. Furthermore, in the case of DMEU the effect/strength loss relation can be improved by using very high resin concentrations in the padding liquor.

Crease Recovery of Untreated and Resin-Treated Cotton Fabrics

1976 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 356-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. U. Mehta ◽  
K. C. Gupta ◽  
V. R. Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Cotton Textiles ◽  
Recovery Angle ◽  
Resin Treatment

Cotton textiles received from loomshed undergo various chemical processes before finishing. These processes play an important role in determining the end properties of the unfinished fabric. The effect of processing on tensile strength and fluidity is well known. However, progressive changes in crease recovery, tear strength, and abrasion resistance have not been investigated systematically. Fabric with identical constructions but processed under different conditions often differ considerably prior to resin finishing. In this paper causes for differences in initial crease recovery are discussed. It has been observed that any residual wax present on the fabric after scouring affects the initial crease recovery significantly. Scouring under mild conditions helps to retain a high initial crease recovery. In comparison with thoroughly scoured fabrics, mildly scoured fabrics require less resin to obtain a given crease-recovery angle. The resultant losses in strength after resin treatment are also less.

SURFACE TREATMENT OF ANTI-CREASE FINISHED COTTON FABRIC BASED ON SOL–GEL TECHNOLOGY

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (05) ◽  
pp. 715-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHAOXIA WANG ◽  
LI CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Silica Sol ◽  
Recovery Angle ◽  
Butanetetracarboxylic Acid

The silica sol was applied onto 1, 2, 3, 4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) finished cotton fabrics with the attempt to improve the physical properties especially the tensile strength which had a big loss in the previous anti-crease finishing processing. The parameters including the dosage of the coupling agent, the concentration and pH of the sol and the processing methods were studied in detail. Compared to the sample finished with BTCA, 11.8% of the increase in the crease recovery angle and 18.6% of the enhancement in the tensile strength of the cotton fabric also treated with silica sol in the better selected conditions were obtained. The abrasion resistance was also improved.

Production of high-performance textiles via pioneering strengthening approach using starch nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Mostafa ◽  
Heba Ameen ◽  
Mahmoud Morsy ◽  
Amal el-ebiassy ◽  
Azza El-Sanabary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Starch Nanoparticles ◽  
Recovery Angle

To minimize the serious defects of durable press finishing of cellulosic textiles with respect to the great loss in strength properties, new pioneering strengthening approach of cotton fabric based on our previously prepared starch nanoparticles of size around 80–100 nm was used. For this purpose, cotton fabrics were treated with different concentrations of starch nanoparticles via coating technique using pad-dry-cure method, at which the starch nanoparticles are attached to the fabrics with the use of a padder adjusted to appropriate pressure and speed, followed by drying and curing. Fabric stiffness, surface roughness, tensile strength, elongation at break, abrasion resistance, wrinkle recovery angles, add-on %, and degree of whiteness as well as durability of treated fabrics were fully explored. SEM was used for detecting the change in surface morphology of reinforced coated fabric. The results obtained reflect the following findings: (a) all fabric performance like tensile strength, stiffness, wrinkle recovery angle, abrasion resistance and add on % were improved for coated fabrics with starch nanoparticles in comparison with untreated fabric, except that of surface roughness; (b) SEM confirmed the change in surface morphology of cotton fabric after reinforcement treatment using starch nanoparticles; (c) the dry wrinkle recovery angle and tensile strength of cotton fabrics treated in presence of 30 g/l starch nanoparticles are slightly decreased after 10 washing cycles as compared with untreated fabric; and (d) starch nanoparticles introduce an advance in textile finishing with respect to the above-mention fabric performance except that of surface roughness.

scholarly journals Computationally Generated Maps of Surface Structures and Catalytic Activities for Alloy Phase Diagrams

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Cao ◽  
Le, Niu ◽  
Tim Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Alloy Surface ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
Highly Active

<p>To facilitate the rational design of alloy catalysts, we introduce a method for rapidly calculating the structure and catalytic properties of a substitutional alloy surface that is in equilibrium with the underlying bulk phase. We implement our method by developing a way to generate surface cluster expansions that explicitly account for the lattice parameter of the bulk structure. This approach makes it possible to computationally map the structure of an alloy surface and statistically sample adsorbate binding energies at every point in the alloy phase diagram. When combined with a method for predicting catalytic activities from adsorbate binding energies, maps of catalytic activities at every point in the phase diagram can be created, enabling the identification of synthesis conditions likely to result in highly active catalysts. We demonstrate our approach by analyzing Pt-rich Pt–Ni catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction, finding two regions in the phase diagram that are predicted to result in highly active catalysts. Our analysis indicates that the Pt<sub>3</sub>Ni(111) surface, which has the highest known specific activity for the oxygen reduction reaction, is likely able to achieve its high activity through the formation of an intermetallic phase with L1<sub>2</sub> order. We use the generated surface structure and catalytic activity maps to demonstrate how the intermetallic nature of this phase leads to high catalytic activity and discuss how the underlying principles can be used in catalysis design. We further discuss the importance of surface phases and demonstrate how they can dramatically affect catalytic activity.</p>

scholarly journals Tensile Properties and Dye Uptake Assessment of Cotton Fabrics Sized with Corn (Zea mays) Starch and Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Starch

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Oyetade Joshua Akinropo ◽  
Adewuyi Oluwafemi ◽  
Akinrinlola Olumide
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Dye Uptake ◽  
Starch Concentration ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Recovery Angle

Sizing of textile substrate enhances the tenacity of the fibre which gives it an appreciable commercial acceptability. However, the sized textile sample is challenged with dye exhaustion and uptake. This study aimed at investigating the effects of starch molecules on dyeing of textile substrates, the recovery angle and the tenacity of the textile materials. This was carried out by treating pure cotton fabric with starch extracted from corn (Zea mays) and guinea corn (Sorghum bicolor) in the ratio 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and the percentage starch retention was calculated in mg/g while the %dye uptake was also calculated. The mechanical properties of the sized textile samples were measured using the tensile testing machine and the crease recovery of the textile materials was evaluated. From the results, the maximum wavelength (λmax) of the dye used was 530 nm. Furthermore, from the sizing of the textile samples, the highest percentage of starch retention was 3.71% and 2.733% for corn and sorghum starch respectively. The value of %dye uptake at 30 min was 29.25% and 27.1% for corn and sorghum sized while the control (i.e. the unsized textile sample) was 85.85%. The crease recovery angle of the 5% starch concentration was 12 for sorghum sized and 10 for corn sized. This value was recorded as the highest when compared to other percentage concentration of starch. The mechanical properties which measures the tensile strength shows that at 5% concentration, 14.098 mPa and 20.372 mPa tensile value was observed for sorghum and the corn sized samples respectively when compared to 12.097 value of the control sample. However, the highest tensile strength value was at 10% starch concentration (55.798 mPa) for sorghum sized samples and 15% starch concentration for corn sized textile samples.

Research on Anti-Creasing Properties of 100% Cotton Yarns

2012 ◽  
Vol 602-604 ◽  
pp. 2291-2294
Author(s):  
Yun Li Wang ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Shan Cheng ◽  
Zong Li Mao ◽  
Ming Min Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Basic Data ◽  
Durable Press ◽  
Common Process ◽  
Cotton Yarns ◽  
The Common ◽  
Recovery Angle ◽  
The Relationship

Durable press (DP) finishing is the common process to impart anti-creasing properties to cotton fabrics. Conventionally, the whole fabric was treated by pad-dry-cure (PDC) process in one treating bath. However, this process led to the serious loss of the cotton fabrics in mechanical properties. In this work, the cotton yarns were treated with DP finishing solution. And subsequently, they were dried and cured in a certain temperature. The wrinkle recovery angle (WRA) of yarns was measured. The relationship between the treating process and WRA was studied. The affecting parameters on WRA were acquired by experiment. This work provides basic data for people to know and understand the role of anti-creasing yarns in the whole fabric.

scholarly journals Computationally Generated Maps of Surface Structures and Catalytic Activities for Alloy Phase Diagrams

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Cao ◽  
Le, Niu ◽  
Tim Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Alloy Surface ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
Highly Active

<p>To facilitate the rational design of alloy catalysts, we introduce a method for rapidly calculating the structure and catalytic properties of a substitutional alloy surface that is in equilibrium with the underlying bulk phase. We implement our method by developing a way to generate surface cluster expansions that explicitly account for the lattice parameter of the bulk structure. This approach makes it possible to computationally map the structure of an alloy surface and statistically sample adsorbate binding energies at every point in the alloy phase diagram. When combined with a method for predicting catalytic activities from adsorbate binding energies, maps of catalytic activities at every point in the phase diagram can be created, enabling the identification of synthesis conditions likely to result in highly active catalysts. We demonstrate our approach by analyzing Pt-rich Pt–Ni catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction, finding two regions in the phase diagram that are predicted to result in highly active catalysts. Our analysis indicates that the Pt<sub>3</sub>Ni(111) surface, which has the highest known specific activity for the oxygen reduction reaction, is likely able to achieve its high activity through the formation of an intermetallic phase with L1<sub>2</sub> order. We use the generated surface structure and catalytic activity maps to demonstrate how the intermetallic nature of this phase leads to high catalytic activity and discuss how the underlying principles can be used in catalysis design. We further discuss the importance of surface phases and demonstrate how they can dramatically affect catalytic activity.</p>

scholarly journals Study on the Effects of Perfume on the Mechanical and Colour Properties of Silk Fabrics

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Kavitha Krishnamoorthi ◽  
Srinivasan Jagannathan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Colour Properties ◽  
Sensitive Skin ◽  
Dry Cleaning ◽  
Silk Fabrics

Perfumes are generally used to enhance the attitude of the person. Deodorants and perfumes are designed to be applied directly to the skin. Some people with sensitive skin may find that their skin does get irritated if they use too much perfume and hence apply perfume directly to their clothes. Silk is one of the most luxurious fabrics and is used on all occasions. If perfume is applied directly on fabric, it may cause a stain or discoloration and may spoil a costly garment. Although there is a study on the effect of perfume on cotton fabrics, there is no study about the effect of perfume on silk fabrics in the literature. Therefore this study aims to investigate the effects of perfume on dyed silk fabrics and is the first work on this subject. Mechanical properties like tensile strength, pilling and abrasion resistance were investigated, and the change in colour under washing, dry cleaning and perspiration were recorded.

Effect of Radial Location of Cross Links in Cellulose Fibers on Fabric Properties

1969 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Willard ◽  
Giuliana C. Tesoro ◽  
Emery I. Valko
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
The Core ◽  
Cross Links ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
Recovery Angle ◽  
The Individual

Mercerized cotton fabrics cross-linked preferentially in the core of the individual fibers were prepared by rinsing off part of the DMEU before curing from the peripheral areas with ethanol. Native cotton, due to its pore structure, does not lend itself readily to this technique. This pore structure is also reflected in the dyeability of native cotton from alcoholic dye solution in contrast to the behavior of the mercerized fiber. The core-crosslinked fibers give much higher substitution in carbanilation and benzoylation than uniformly cross-linked fibers of the same content of fixed cross-linking reactant. The fabrics of core-crosslinked cotton exhibit a favorable balance of mechanical properties. Such fabrics were shown, e.g., to possess a dry crease recovery angle of 280° (W + F) and, at the same time, the abrasion resistance equal to that of uncrosslinked fabrics.

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