Comparison of Textile Mechanical Properties of Cotton in Crosslinking with Dimethylolethyleneurea and Formaldehyde

1976 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 813-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Meyer ◽  
K. Müller ◽  
H. Zollinger
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Cure Process ◽  
Recovery Angle ◽  
Varied Concentration ◽  
Very High

Cotton fabrics were crosslinked with dimethylolethyleneurea (DMEU) and with formaldehyde by the pad-dry-cure process. The following parameters were varied: concentration of catalyst (MgCl2) and crosslinking agent, reaction time, and temperature. The crosslinked fabrics were characterized by dry and wet crease-recovery angles, tensile strength, and degree of polymerization. The results show that with DMEU a significantly better dry crease-recovery angle/tensile strength relation is obtainable. This difference is due entirely to a greater degradation of cellulose by hydrolysis in treatments with formaldehyde. Furthermore, in the case of DMEU the effect/strength loss relation can be improved by using very high resin concentrations in the padding liquor.

Comparison of Catalytic Activities and Textile Mechanical Properties Observed in the Crosslinking of Cotton with Highly Active Catalysts

1976 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 691-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Meyer ◽  
K. Müller ◽  
H. K. Rouette ◽  
H. Zollinger
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Cure Process ◽  
Metal Chlorides ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Acids And Bases ◽  
Recovery Angle

Nine metal chlorides and mixtures of these salts with tartaric acid are compared with hydrochloric acid with regard to catalytic activity in crosslinking cotton fabrics with formaldehyde by the pad-dry-cure process. The sequence of catalytic activity can be rationalized by the hard/soft concept of acids and bases. When highly active catalysts are applied, the relation between dry crease-recovery angle and tensile strength is significantly improved for DMEU-cross-linked fabrics but only marginally improved when formaldehyde is used as the crosslinker.

KAISER ALUMINUM ALLOY 7050

Alloy Digest ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Fracture Toughness ◽  
High Fracture ◽  
Kaiser Aluminum ◽  
Structural Parts ◽  
Very High

Abstract Kaiser Aluminum Alloy 7050 has very high mechanical properties including tensile strength, high fracture toughness, and a high resistance to exfoliation and stress-corrosion cracking. The alloy is typically used in aircraft structural parts. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as fracture toughness and fatigue. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: AL-366. Producer or source: Tennalum, A Division of Kaiser Aluminum.

scholarly journals Established an eco-friendly cotton fabric treating process with enhancing anti-wrinkle performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 155892502110034
Author(s):  
Xiongfang Luo ◽  
Pei Cheng ◽  
Wencong Wang ◽  
Jiajia Fu ◽  
Weidong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethane ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Wrinkle Resistance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Strength Retention

This study establishes an eco-friendly anti-wrinkle treating process for cotton fabric. Sodium hydroxide-liquid ammonia pretreatment followed by 6% (w/w) PU100 adding citric acid pad-cure-dry finishing. In this process, citric acid (CA) was used as the fundamental crosslinking agent during finishing because it is a non-formaldehyde based, cost-effective and well wrinkle resistance agent. Environmental-friendly waterborne polyurethane (WPU) was used as an additive to add to the CA finishing solution. Six commercial WPUs were systematically investigated. Fabric properties like wrinkle resistance, tensile strength retention, whiteness, durable press, softness, and wettability were well investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction spectra were also measured and discussed before and after adding waterborne polyurethane. Tentative mechanism of the interaction among the WPU, CA, and modified cotton fabrics is provided. The effect of cotton fabric pretreatment on fabric performance was also investigated. After the eco-process’s treatment, the fabric wrinkle resistant angle was upgraded to 271 ± 7°, tensile strength retention was maintained at 66.77% ± 3.50% and CIE whiteness was elevated to 52.13 ± 3.21, which are much better than the traditional CA anti-wrinkle finishing based on mercerized cotton fabrics. This study provides useful information for textile researchers and engineers.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties and Very High Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Peak-Aged AA7021 Alloy

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung-Hoon Lee ◽  
Sung-Woo Park ◽  
Soong-Keun Hyun ◽  
In-Sik Cho ◽  
Kyung-Taek Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Solution Treated ◽  
Very High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Peak Aged ◽  
Very High

The effect of heat treatment condition on non-Cu AA7021 alloy was investigated with respect to mechanical properties and very high cycle fatigue behavior. With a focus on the influence of heat treatment, AA7021 alloy was solution heat-treated at 470 °C for 4 h and aged at 124 °C. Comparing the results of solution-treated and peak-aged AA7021 alloy shows a significant increase in Vickers hardness and tensile strength. The hardness of AA7021 alloy was increased by 65% after aging treatment, and both tensile strength and yield strength were increased by 50~80 MPa in each case. In particular, this paper investigated the very high cycle fatigue behavior of AA7021 alloy with the ultrasonic fatigue testing method using a resonance frequency of 20 kHz. The fatigue results showed that the stress amplitude of peak-aged AA7021 alloy was about 50 MPa higher than the solution-treated alloy at the same fatigue cycles. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the size of the crack initiation site was larger after peak aging than after solution treatment.

scholarly journals Sintesis Hidrogel Pektin – Gelatin dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Sebagai Kandidat Pembalut Luka Bakar

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Fadhil Muhammad Tarmidzi ◽  
Inggit Kresna Maharsih ◽  
Tina Raihatul Jannah ◽  
Cici Sari Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Fruit Peel

Teknik pembalutan luka saat ini menerapkan metode perawatan luka modern dengan cara mempertahankan isolasi lingkungan luka dalam keadaan tertutup dan lembab. Ada beberapa jenis pembalut luka yang telah dikembangkan, salah satunya hidrogel. Hidrogel merupakan pembalut luka berbentuk lembaran yang memiliki kemampuan menyerap cairan luka dan memiliki stabilitas yang baik pada pH asam sehingga dapat digunakan untuk pengobatan luka bakar. Dalam penelitian ini, hidrogel dibuat menggunakan polimer alami seperti pektin dan gelatin. Kedua bahan tersebut dikombinasikan menggunakan metode ikatan silang dengan penambahan asam sitrat sebagai agen pengikat silang. Penambahan asam sitrat memberikan pengaruh terhadap karakteristik material hidrogel yang dihasilkan, sehingga diperlukan jumlah yang tepat agar didapatkan hidrogel dengan properti material yang baik. Hidrogel juga ditambahkan zat aktif berupa flavonoid pada ekstrak kulit buah naga agar dapat digunakan sebagai pembalut luka untuk menyembuhkan luka bakar. Dari hasil penelitian, hidrogel dengan konsentrasi asam sitrat 4% (Hidrogel CA 4%) menghasilkan nilai swelling, tensile strength, dan elongation tertinggi sebesar 890%, 0,05 Mpa, dan 200%. Hasil properti mekanik dari Hidrogel CA 4% ini dibuktikan dengan uji FTIR yang telah dilakukan, yaitu munculnya gugus karbonil C=O sebagai hasil reaksi esterifikasi yang terjadi antara polimer dengan asam sitrat di daerah serapan 1733,9 cm-1.Wound dressing technique currently applies modern wound care methods by maintaining the environmental isolation of the wound in a closed and moist state. There are several types of wound dressing that have been developed, one of them is hydrogel. Hydrogel is sheet-shaped wound dressings which have the ability to absorb exudate and have good stability acidic pH that can be used for the treatment of burns. In this study, hydrogel were made using natural polymers such as pectin and gelatin. The two polymers were combined using crosslinking method with the addition of citric acid as a crosslinking agent. The addition of citric acid has affect on the characteristics of the hydrogel material produced, therefore the right amount is needed to obtain a hydrogel with good mechanical properties. Hydrogel also added by an active substance in the form of flavonoids from dragon fruit peel extract that can be used as a wound dressing to cure burns. This study resulting hydrogel with a concentration of 4% citric acid (Hydrogel CA 4%) produced highest value of swelling, tensile strength, and elongation are 890%, 0.05 Mpa, and 200%, repectively. The mechanical properties of Hydrogel CA 4% was proved by FTIR test that had been carried out, namely the presence of C=O carbonyl group as a result of the esterification reaction that occurred between the polymers and citric acid in the absorption area of 1733.9 cm-1.

Crease Recovery of Untreated and Resin-Treated Cotton Fabrics

1976 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 356-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. U. Mehta ◽  
K. C. Gupta ◽  
V. R. Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Cotton Textiles ◽  
Recovery Angle ◽  
Resin Treatment

Cotton textiles received from loomshed undergo various chemical processes before finishing. These processes play an important role in determining the end properties of the unfinished fabric. The effect of processing on tensile strength and fluidity is well known. However, progressive changes in crease recovery, tear strength, and abrasion resistance have not been investigated systematically. Fabric with identical constructions but processed under different conditions often differ considerably prior to resin finishing. In this paper causes for differences in initial crease recovery are discussed. It has been observed that any residual wax present on the fabric after scouring affects the initial crease recovery significantly. Scouring under mild conditions helps to retain a high initial crease recovery. In comparison with thoroughly scoured fabrics, mildly scoured fabrics require less resin to obtain a given crease-recovery angle. The resultant losses in strength after resin treatment are also less.

Influence of Multifunctional Monomers on Gamma Irradiated Polylactic Acid

2015 ◽  
Vol 804 ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kantima Chaochanchaikul ◽  
Wanlop Harnnarongchai
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Chain Scission ◽  
Chain Extension ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
High Irradiation Dose ◽  
Gamma Irradiated

The aim of this work was to compare and discuss the influence of multifunctional monomers as crosslinking agent (Triallyl Isocyanurate; TAIC) and chain extender (Joncryl ADR4368) on the gamma irradiated Polylactic acid (PLA). The modified PLA samples with varying amount of TAIC and Joncryl were characterized by observing the molecular characteristics and mechanical properties. The results showed that irradiated PLA had lower average molar mass and mechanical properties compared to non-irradiated PLA due to irradiation induced chain scission. Gel content was observed and increased with increasing irradiation dose for the TAIC modified sample, indicating that the further crosslink of irradiated PLA was occurring. Crosslinking and chain extension were responsible for the improved modulus and tensile strength of irradiated PLA, however the decrease in tensile strength at high irradiation dose was observed for crosslinked PLA.

Alternative microwave curing approach for imparting ease and care characteristics and antimicrobial activity to viscose fabric

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kh M. Mostafa ◽  
A. A. Elsanabary
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Graft Copolymer ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Sodium Hypophosphite ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microwave Curing ◽  
Recovery Angle ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to use multi-functional viscose fabric that was facilely developed with with respect to ease and care characteristics, reinforcement effect and antibacterial activity by using novel echo friendly antibacterial finish based on citric acid/sodium hypophosphite and the authors’ previously tailor-made poly meth acrylic acid (MAA)-chitosan graft copolymer via alternative microwave curing approach instead of traditional high-temperature cure one. Design/methodology/approach Viscose fabric was paddled twice in the cross-linking formulations containing different concentrations of citric acid, poly (MAA)-chitosan graft copolymer and sodium hypophosphite to 90 % wet pick up and dried at 100°C for 3 min in an electric oven. Then, the treated fabrics were placed on the disk spinner of the microwave oven and cured at different power (100–800 Watt) for various durations (60–180 s). The fabric was then water-rinsed and dried at ambient condition before use. Findings Results revealed that the above echo friendly method for finished viscose fabrics was found to achieve relatively high dry wrinkle recovery angle and maintain the loss in tensile strength within the acceptable range, as well as antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as a gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, respectively; in addition to durability up to ten washing cycles. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope images, nitrogen content and add on % of the finished fabric confirmed the penetration of grafted chitosan inside the fabric structure. The tentative mechanism for these reactions is advocated. Originality/value The novelty addressed here is undertaken with the advantages of using citric acid as a nonformaldehyde, safe and cheap poly carboxylic acid as a crosslinking agent and sodium hypophosphite as a potential catalyst, in addition to the authors’ noncitable multifunctional echo friendly tailor-made poly (MAA)-chitosan graft copolymer for imparting reinforcement and antibacterial characteristics to viscose fabric that uses the pad-dry/cure microwave fixation for progressively persuaded heat within the fabric during curing. Research limitations/implications This was done to see the impact of microwave as green and efficient tool with respect to reduction in organic solvents, chemicals and exposer time as well as fixation temperature on the finishing reaction in comparison with traditional pad-dry-cure method. Practical implications Poly (MAA)-chitosan graft copolymer as amphoteric biopolymer was expected to impart multifunctional properties to viscose fabrics especially with comparable dry wrinkle recovery angle and minimize the loss in tensile strength in addition to antibacterial properties in comparison with untreated one.

scholarly journals Silane Coupling Agent Modifies the Mechanical Properties of a Chitosan Microfiber

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Shirosaki ◽  
Toshinobu Okabayashi ◽  
Saki Yasutomi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Silane Coupling

Chitosan microfibers are widely used in medical applications because they have favorable inherent properties. However, their mechanical properties require further improvement. In the present study, a trimethoxysilane aldehyde (TMSA) crosslinking agent was added to chitosan microfibers to improve their tensile strength. The chitosan microfibers were prepared using a coagulation method. The tensile strength of the chitosan microfibers was improved by crosslinking them with TMSA, even when only a small amount was used (less than 1%). TMSA did not change the orientation of the chitosan molecules. Furthermore, aldehyde derived from TMSA did not remain, and siloxane units were formed in the microfibers.

SURFACE TREATMENT OF ANTI-CREASE FINISHED COTTON FABRIC BASED ON SOL–GEL TECHNOLOGY

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (05) ◽  
pp. 715-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHAOXIA WANG ◽  
LI CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Silica Sol ◽  
Recovery Angle ◽  
Butanetetracarboxylic Acid

The silica sol was applied onto 1, 2, 3, 4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) finished cotton fabrics with the attempt to improve the physical properties especially the tensile strength which had a big loss in the previous anti-crease finishing processing. The parameters including the dosage of the coupling agent, the concentration and pH of the sol and the processing methods were studied in detail. Compared to the sample finished with BTCA, 11.8% of the increase in the crease recovery angle and 18.6% of the enhancement in the tensile strength of the cotton fabric also treated with silica sol in the better selected conditions were obtained. The abrasion resistance was also improved.

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