Restructuring Confirmation

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Robert Osmer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Christian Education ◽  
Teaching Practices ◽  
Sunday School ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
The Church

“Revivalism's erosion of the norms traditionally associated with Reformation commitment to catechetical instruction was a gradual process. … By the end of the nineteenth century, the Sunday School had become the dominant form of Christian education. … Slowly but surely, confirmation has come to be seen as a time when individuals explore their faith and decide for themselves whether or not they will continue to participate in the church. … A new series of liturgical-teaching practices must be formulated, harking back to traditional forms of catechetical instruction for children or the adult catechumenate of the ancient church.”

The Administration, Collection and Distribution of Tithes in the Archbishopric of Mexico, 1800-1860

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Costeloe
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
Administrative Organization ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church

The System of tithe collection in operation in the Archbishopric of Mexico at the beginning of the nineteenth century was the result of a gradual process of change and development throughout the colonial period. In the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, the responsibility for the collection and distribution of the tithes had rested both with the Church and the viceregal authorities. However, as soon as the yield was thought to be sufficient to maintain the diocese without royal subsidy, the Church was left to organize the collection. The territory covered by the see was divided into a number of areas and the right to levy tithes within these was auctioned to the highest bidder. This method was only allowed in respect of the tithes paid by the Spaniards and mestizos, for those of the Indians had to be collected directly. This latter collection was carried out on behalf of the Church by two canons who were given the title of Jueces Hacedores. Soon the Church began to extend the system of direct collection and the areas that were farmed out became fewer and fewer until finally the last one was abolished in 1782. As the revenue increased with the development of the colony, an administrative organization was evolved.

Religious Mainstreaming of Mentally Retarded Clients into the Community

1982 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-248
Author(s):  
William A. Deprater
Keyword(s):  
Christian Education ◽  
State Hospital ◽  
Local Church ◽  
Sunday School ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Local Churches ◽  
Sunday Morning ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Sunday Afternoon ◽  
The Church

Reports on the “mainstreaming” or integrating of mentally retarded residents of a state hospital into local churches. Several categories of participation are described, the highest being full involvement including Sunday school, worship, family night suppers, women of the church, and other events in the life of the local church. A second level of participation provides more structure through a Sunday morning worship service at the institution and a rotating Sunday afternoon service held by five local congregations. The program described focuses on music with short, highly illustrated sermons. The final level of involvement for severely impaired residents involves on-campus Christian education and worship experiences.

scholarly journals Understanding Developmental Characteristics of a Child in Christian Faith among Sunday-School Children in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Alice W. Mambo
Keyword(s):  
Christian Education ◽  
School Children ◽  
Sunday School ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Anglican Church ◽  
Primary Responsibility ◽  
Developmental Characteristics ◽  
The Church

<p>This paper extensively presents the theme of Christian education with a focus on the Sunday school children in Kenya. The author reviews the developmental stage characteristics of the Sunday school children of the Anglican Church to express the aspect of child Christian education in the contemporary society. While Parents are entrusted with the primary responsibility of nurturing, shaping, training and equipping their children to be God-honoring, obedient, and productive members in society; this responsibility in the modern society has been passed on to secular surrogates who do the educating in their place.  It is nonetheless still the key responsibility of parents that their children receive rightful Christian education.The study is limited to children between ages two to eleven years in the church Sunday school in a Kenyan context. More so, the guidelines in this study are limited to the Sunday school for the Christian education of children in the Anglican Church of Kenya with which the author is more conversant.<em></em></p>

scholarly journals Exploring Autonomy and Relatedness in Church as Predictors of Children’s Religiosity and Relationship with God

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Ingersoll
Keyword(s):  
Christian Education ◽  
Sunday School ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Relationship With God ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Perceived Relatedness ◽  
Religious Landscape ◽  
The Church

Concerns about the shifting religious landscape for young people in the United States provides the impetus to expand research investigating children’s experiences in Christian education. A significant number of children regularly attend Christian education in church and yet there is limited research investigating how those programs support children’s faith. Guided by self-determination theory, this research investigates whether instructional practices can support children’s religiosity and relationship with God. The present study specifically assessed whether children’s perceived relatedness with adults and peers in church, and children’s perceived autonomy in Sunday school, predicted children’s religiosity and relationship with God. Two hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted to identify if the church variables were significant predictors of an identified relationship to God. Neither perceived relatedness in church nor perceived autonomy in Sunday school were significant predictors of identified religiosity. However, perceived relatedness in church did significantly predict relationship with God.

The Township, the Pregnant Girl and the Church: Community Dynamics, Gender and Social Control in Early Nineteenth-century Scotland

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-67
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Church Discipline ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Female Community ◽  
The Church ◽  
Unmarried Girl

In 1814 in a small Highland township an unmarried girl, ostracised by her neighbours, gave birth. The baby died. The legal precognition permits a forensic, gendered examination of the internal dynamics of rural communities and how they responded to threats to social cohesion. In the Scottish ‘parish state’ disciplining sexual offences was a matter for church discipline. This case is situated in the early nineteenth-century Gàidhealtachd where and when church institutions were less powerful than in the post-Reformation Lowlands, the focus of most previous research. The article shows that the formal social control of kirk discipline was only part of a complex of behavioural controls, most of which were deployed within and by communities. Indeed, Scottish communities and churches were deeply entwined in terms of personnel; shared sexual prohibitions; and in the use of shaming as a primary method of social control. While there was something of a ‘female community’, this was not unconditionally supportive of all women nor was it ranged against men or patriarchal structures.

Scottish Missionaries, ‘Protestant Hinduism’ and the Scottish Sense of Empire in Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-century India

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Constable
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Western India ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Church Of Scotland ◽  
Free Church ◽  
Intellectual Engagement ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Church

This article examines the Scottish missionary contribution to a Scottish sense of empire in India in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Initially, the article reviews general historiographical interpretations which have in recent years been developed to explain the Scottish relationship with British imperial development in India. Subsequently the article analyses in detail the religious contributions of Scottish Presbyterian missionaries of the Church of Scotland and the Free Church Missions to a Scottish sense of empire with a focus on their interaction with Hindu socioreligious thought in nineteenth-century western India. Previous missionary historiography has tended to focus substantially on the emergence of Scottish evangelical missionary activity in India in the early nineteenth century and most notably on Alexander Duff (1806–78). Relatively little has been written on Scottish Presbyterian missions in India in the later nineteenth century, and even less on the significance of their missionary thought to a Scottish sense of Indian empire. Through an analysis of Scottish Presbyterian missionary critiques in both vernacular Marathi and English, this article outlines the orientalist engagement of Scottish Presbyterian missionary thought with late nineteenth-century popular Hinduism. In conclusion this article demonstrates how this intellectual engagement contributed to and helped define a Scottish missionary sense of empire in India.

The “individual” in Johann Friedrich Overbeck’s and Franz Liszt’s Seven Sacraments

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-356
Author(s):  
Dolores Pesce
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Franz Liszt ◽  
Individualized Treatment ◽  
Sacred Art ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Voice ◽  
Emotional Effects ◽  
The Church

In the preface to his Septem sacramenta (1878–1884), Franz Liszt acknowledged its stimulus — drawings completed in 1862 by the German painter J. F. Overbeck (1789–1869). This essay explores what Liszt likely meant by his and Overbeck’s “diametrically opposed” approaches and speculates on why the composer nonetheless acknowledged the artist’s work. Each man adopted an individualized treatment of the sacraments, neither in line with the Church’s neo-Thomistic philosophy. Whereas the Church insisted on the sanctifying effects of the sacraments’ graces, Overbeck emphasized the sacraments as a means for moral edification, and Liszt expressed their emotional effects on the receiver. Furthermore, Overbeck embedded within his work an overt polemical message in response to the contested position of the pope in the latter half of the nineteenth century. For many in Catholic circles, he went too far. Both works experienced a problematic reception. Yet, despite their works’ reception, both Overbeck and Liszt believed they had contributed to the sacred art of their time. The very individuality of Overbeck’s treatment seems to have stimulated Liszt. True to his generous nature, Liszt, whose individual voice often went unappreciated, publicly recognized an equally individual voice in the service of the Church.

Contested Citizenship

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Brühwiler
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Ideal

This article examines public education and the establishment of the nation-state in the first half of the nineteenth century in Switzerland. Textbooks, governmental decisions, and reports are analyzed in order to better understand how citizenship is depicted in school textbooks and whether (federal) political changes affected the image of the “imagined citizen” portrayed in such texts. The “ideal citizen” was, first and foremost, a communal and cantonal member of a twofold society run by the church and the secular government, in which nationality was depicted as a third realm.

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