Urban School District Performance: A Longitudinal Analysis of Achievement

2021 ◽  
pp. 004208592110449
Author(s):  
Karen Ramlackhan ◽  
Yan Wang
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Growth Mixture Modeling ◽  
Urban School ◽  
The United States ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Urban School Districts ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Growth Mixture ◽  
Education Data

We used the Stanford education data archive (SEDA) data to examine the heterogeneity among urban school districts in the United States. The SEDA 2.1 includes data sets on students’ mathematics (Math) and English language arts (ELA) achievement from 2008 to 2014 at the district level. Growth mixture modeling was used to uncover the underlying growth trajectories for urban student achievement from the third to the eighth grade. Two and three growth patterns were observed for ELA and Math achievement, respectively, over time. We used the critical theoretical framework QuantCrit to centralize race in the analysis of the data and shared implications for future research.

scholarly journals “We felt they took the heart out of the community”: Examining a community-based response to urban school closure

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrance Green
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Urban School ◽  
The United States ◽  
Urban School Districts ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neighborhood Schools ◽  
School Closures

Massive school closures are occurring in urban school districts across the United States. Research suggests that school closures are the outcome of racialized neoliberal policies and decades of disinvestment that have left many urban districts with fiscal deficits and declining student enrollments. However, some urban communities have successfully organized against school closures and reopened neighborhood schools. As such, this study examines how leaders in a community-university coalition in the Midwestern United States reopened a high school that was closed by its district. This case study draws on interviews and document data, and describes the forces that promoted school closure and its impacts on the community. Concepts from social capital and social network theories are used to guide the analysis. Findings indicate these leaders leveraged networks to negotiate a community-university social contract, took strategic and socially connected actions, and formed a community-driven education task force. This study offers implications for policy, future research, and communities in similar contexts. 

Immigrant Families Over the Life Course

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 852-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Clark ◽  
Jennifer E. Glick ◽  
Regina M. Bures
Keyword(s):  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Immigrant Families ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
The Life Course

Family researchers and policy makers are giving increasing attention to the consequences of immigration for families. Immigration affects the lives of family members who migrate as well as those who remain behind and has important consequences for family formation, kinship ties, living arrangements, and children's outcomes. We present a selective review of the literature on immigrant families in the United States, focusing on key research themes and needs. A summary of secondary data sets that can be used to study immigrant families is presented as well as suggestions for future research in this increasingly important area of family research and policy.

scholarly journals Public Health, Population Health, and Epidemiology Informatics: Recent Research and Trends in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Massoudi ◽  
K. G. Chester
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Workforce Development ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
English Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Workforce ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Public Health Informatics ◽  
Research Activities

Summary Objectives: To survey advances in public and population health and epidemiology informatics over the past 18 months. Methods: We conducted a review of English-language research works conducted in the domain of public and population health informatics and published in MEDLINE or Web of Science between January 2015 and June 2016 where information technology or informatics was a primary subject or main component of the study methodology. Selected articles were presented using a thematic analysis based on the 2011 American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) Public Health Informatics Agenda tracks as a typology. Results: Results are given within the context developed by Dixon et al., (2015) and key themes from the 2011 AMIA Public Health Informatics Agenda. Advances are presented within a socio-technical infrastructure undergirded by a trained, competent public health workforce, systems development to meet the business needs of the practice field, and research that evaluates whether those needs are adequately met. The ability to support and grow the infrastructure depends on financial sustainability. Conclusions: The fields of public health and population health informatics continue to grow, with the most notable developments focused on surveillance, workforce development, and linking to or providing clinical services, which encompassed population health informatics advances. Very few advances addressed the need to improve communication, coordination, and consistency with the field of informatics itself, as identified in the AMIA agenda. This will likely result in the persistence of the silos of public health information systems that currently exist. Future research activities need to aim toward a holistic approach of informatics across the enterprise.

scholarly journals The Difficulties of Learning English: Perceptions and Attitudes in Mexico

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colette Despagne
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Whole Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Vie Quotidienne ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Langue Seconde

The political, cultural, and economical relationship between the United States and Mexico is becoming more interdependent, and in general, Mexico’s participation in the world economy has increased the spread of English as a Second Language (ESL). English is ubiquitous in Mexico’s everyday life, as opposed to indigenous languages which are mostly hidden. The diffusion of English makes ESL learning mandatory if Mexicans want to aspire to a better social and economic life. Nevertheless, this contextual ‘imposition’ highly influences perceptions and attitudes Mexicans have towards the language. This in turn may create a strong barrier to the whole language learning process. Based on student surveys in two different universities, this paper accents negative perceptions and attitudes towards English language learning, and highlights Mexico’s colonial past and the effects of linguistic imperialism. In the conclusion, it will open the discussion on how these attitudes could be managed in the classroom, and will offer possible directions for future research in intercultural language learning. La relation politique, culturelle et économique entre les États-Unis et le Mexique est de plus en plus interdépendante, et en général, la participation du Mexique sur les marchés internationaux a propagé l’enseignement de l’anglais en tant que langue seconde. L’anglais est une langue omniprésente dans la vie quotidienne du Mexique, bien au-delà des langues autochtones qui sont en général plutôt cachées. Pour qu’un mexicain puisse aspirer à de meilleures possibilités économiques et sociales, l’apprentissage de l’anglais devient indispensable. Cette « imposition » contextuelle influence cependant clairement les perceptions et les attitudes que les mexicains ont envers la langue et crée des obstacles souvent difficiles à surmonter lors de l’apprentissage de cette dernière. Cet article met donc l’accent sur les perceptions et les attitudes négatives envers la langue en se basant sur des sondages d’étudiants dans deux universités différentes. Il cherche à expliquer ce blocage en faisant ressortir le passé colonial du Mexique et l’influence de l’impérialisme linguistique. En conclusion, l’article invitera à discuter sur les différentes façons de gérer ces attitudes au sein d’une salle de classe et proposera quelques recherches futures pour l’apprentissage interculturel des langues.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease in Blacks with HIV/AIDS in the United States: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine U Oramasionwu ◽  
Jonathan M Hunter ◽  
Carolyn M Brown ◽  
Gene D Morse ◽  
Kenneth A Lawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
English Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

Objectives: Blacks in the United States bear a disproportionate burden of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). It has been demonstrated that HIV/AIDS itself and HIV/AIDS-related therapies may predispose patients to early onset of CVD. It is also possible that Black patients may be at greater risk for this interaction. Thus, the objective of this literature review was to identify and critically evaluate disparities in CVD between Black and White patients with HIV/AIDS. Design: A MEDLINE search (January 1, 1950 to May 31, 2010) was performed to identify original research articles published in the English language. The search was limited to articles that evaluated race-based disparities for CVD among patients with HIV/AIDS. Results: Of the five publications included in this review, a CVD diagnosis was the primary focus for only three of the studies and was a secondary objective for the remaining two studies. Two studies concluded that Blacks were more likely than Whites to have a CVD diagnosis at time of hospital admission, whereas, the other three studies did not detect any race-based disparities. Conclusions: Few studies have addressed the issue of Black race, HIV/AIDS, and CVD, highlighting the need for future research in this area.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial behavior scale: a validation study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Roque Amorim Neto ◽  
Vinicius Picanço Rodrigues ◽  
Dominic Lusinchi
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
English Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Career Adaptability ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behavior ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Language Version ◽  
Behavior Scale ◽  
Fit Indexes

This study has two purposes. First, we assessed the reliability and factor structure of the English-language version of the Entrepreneurial Behavior Scale. Second, we measured its convergent validity. We used two data sets from previous studies exploring entrepreneurial behavior among public school teachers in the United States. Data set #1 consisted of 311 participants and data set #2 had 367. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis indicated adequate fit indexes. Results indicated a good Cronbach’s alpha score (0.84). Results also showed evidence of convergent validity between Entrepreneurial Behavior and Career Adaptability. 

Do abuse deterrent opioid formulations work?

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Dart, MD, PhD ◽  
Janetta L. Iwanicki, MD ◽  
Nabarun Dasgupta, PhD ◽  
Theodore J. Cicero, PhD ◽  
Sidney H. Schnoll, MD, PhD
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Bradford Hill ◽  
Hill Criteria ◽  
The Hill

Objective: We performed a systematic review to answer the question, “Does the introduction of an opioid analgesic with abuse deterrent properties result in reduced overall abuse of the drug in the community?”Design: We included opioid analgesics with abuse deterrent properties (hydrocodone, morphine, oxycodone) with results restricted to the metasearch term “delayed onset,” English language, use in humans, and publication years 2009-2016. All articles that contained data evaluating misuse, abuse, overdose, addiction, and death were included. The results were categorized using the Bradford-Hill criteria.Results: We included 44 reports: hydrocodone (n = 7), morphine (n = 5), or oxycodone (n = 32) with Food and Drug Administration-approved Categories 1, 2, or 3 abuse deterrent labeling. The data currently available support the Hill criteria of strength (effect size), consistency (reproducibility), temporality, plausibility, and coherence. There was insufficient or no information available for the criteria of biological gradient, experiment, and analogy. We also assessed confounding factors and bias, which indicated that both were present and substantial in magnitude.Conclusions: Our analysis found that only oxycodone extended release (ER) had information available to evaluate abuse deterrence in the community. In Australia, Canada, and the United States, reformulation of oxycodone ER was followed by marked reduction in measures of abuse. The precise extent of reduced abuse cannot be calculated because of heterogeneous data sets, but the reported reductions ranged from 10 to 90 percent depending on the measure and the duration of follow-up.

Gifted English Language Learners

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aranzazu M. Blackburn ◽  
Linley Cornish ◽  
Susen Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
English Language Learners ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
English Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gifted Programs ◽  
Spanish Speaking

Current research on gifted English language learners (gifted ELLs) is broadly centered on identification issues and investigations of underrepresentation in gifted programs mainly in schools in the United States and referencing predominantly Spanish-speaking students. Australia presents itself as a multicultural nation, yet limited research exists as to what it knows about its particular gifted ELL populations and ways of supporting them when they enter Australian schools. A review of the current literature examines existing research in the United States and explores the findings from Australian studies. Some suggestions for future research in both local and global contexts are offered.

scholarly journals Dataset of low global warming potential refrigerant refrigeration system for fault detection and diagnostics

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Sun ◽  
Piljae Im ◽  
Yeonjin Bae ◽  
Jeff Munk ◽  
Teja Kuruganti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Fault Detection ◽  
System Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Refrigeration System ◽  
Low Global Warming Potential ◽  
Significant Attention

AbstractHVAC and refrigeration system fault detection and diagnostics (FDD) has attracted extensive studies for decades; however, FDD of supermarket refrigeration systems has not gained significant attention. Supermarkets consume around 50 kWh/ft2 of electricity annually. The biggest consumer of energy in a supermarket is its refrigeration system, which accounts for 40%–60% of its total electricity usage and is equivalent to about 2%–3% of the total energy consumed by commercial buildings in the United States. Also, the supermarket refrigeration system is one of the biggest consumers of refrigerants. Reducing refrigerant usage or using environmentally friendly alternatives can result in significant climate benefits. A challenge is the lack of publicly available data sets to benchmark the system performance and record the faulted performance. This paper identifies common faults of supermarket refrigeration systems and conducts an experimental study to collect the faulted performance data and analyze these faults. This work provides a foundation for future research on the development of FDD methods and field automated FDD implementation.

scholarly journals The Far Reaching Impact of Transformative Curriculum

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Benedict L Adams
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
School Setting ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Academic Excellence ◽  
High School Setting ◽  
Transformative Curriculum

Throughout the curriculum history in the United States, attempts to improve the educational outcomes have been challenging. Nonetheless, dealing with systems of curricular which have never delivered the highest quality of education to diverse body of students, let alone immigrants and English Language Learners (ELLs) has been even more problematic. Consequently, scholars and educators have increasingly been faced with dilemma of implementing robust transformative curriculum in schools for these particular students. This case study is based on narrative critical ethnography. The researcher collected data of seven students from five non-English speaking nations (immigrants) and ELLs within the high school setting for a year. Through observations, interviews, and focus groups, the findings suggest that the curriculum transformed them to believe more in their dignity and worth, achieve academic excellence, and the commitment to advocacy. The study concludes with the analysis of the transformative curriculum as the renaissance of the curriculum theory and practice and made recommendations for future research.

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