Dealing with disturbances: Intervention and adaptation in Finnish neighbourhoods

Urban Studies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (16) ◽  
pp. 3755-3771
Author(s):  
Antti Kouvo ◽  
Risto Haverinen
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Strong Ties ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Detached House ◽  
Nationally Representative

This article investigates neighbourhood social dynamics with the help of two attitude dimensions discovered in earlier qualitative research: the threshold of intervention and adaptation. The data come from a nationally representative Finnish Neighbourhood Survey ( N = 760) conducted in 2012. Our results show that adaptation and intervention characterise neighbourhood interaction in our survey data set as well. The threshold of intervention is higher among the residents of detached houses and those without strong ties in the neighbourhood. Adaptation is associated with low income and living in a detached house. However, different types of neighbours created on the basis of adaptation and intervention provide a richer picture of the phenomenon and more powerful explanations. The suggestions for future research and theoretical implications of the results are discussed.

scholarly journals The COVID Connection: Pandemic Anxiety, COVID-19 Comprehension, and Digital Confidence

2021 ◽  
pp. 000276422110031
Author(s):  
Laura Robinson ◽  
Jeremy Schulz ◽  
Øyvind N. Wiborg ◽  
Elisha Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Digital Inequality ◽  
Partner Status ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Nationally Representative

This article presents logistic models examining how pandemic anxiety and COVID-19 comprehension vary with digital confidence among adults in the United States during the first wave of the pandemic. As we demonstrate statistically with a nationally representative data set, the digitally confident have lower probability of experiencing physical manifestations of pandemic anxiety and higher probability of adequately comprehending critical information on COVID-19. The effects of digital confidence on both pandemic anxiety and COVID-19 comprehension persist, even after a broad range of potentially confounding factors are taken into account, including sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, metropolitan status, and partner status. They also remain discernable after the introduction of general anxiety, as well as income and education. These results offer evidence that the digitally disadvantaged experience greater vulnerability to the secondary effects of the pandemic in the form of increased somatized stress and decreased COVID-19 comprehension. Going forward, future research and policy must make an effort to address digital confidence and digital inequality writ large as crucial factors mediating individuals’ responses to the pandemic and future crises.

Factors influencing medication label viewing in Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Kang Cheah ◽  
Yen Wan Chong
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Medication Label

The misuse of medicine is a serious public health issue worldwide. An important factor that contributes to the misuse of medicine is the lack of medication label viewing by consumers. The objective of the present study is to examine the socio-economic, demographic and lifestyle factors associated with medication label viewing among Malaysian adults. The empirical analysis is based on a nationally representative data set of 30,992 respondents. An ordered probit model is used to examine different types of medication label viewers. The results of this study suggest that socio-economic (i.e. age, income level, education level, location of residence), demographic (i.e. gender, ethnicity, marital status) and lifestyle factors (i.e. physical activity, smoking) have significant effects on medication label viewing. It is found that age, low-income and low-education level reduce the likelihood of viewing medication label. Based on these findings, several policy implications are suggested. The present study provides policy makers with baseline information regarding which cohorts of individuals to focus on in efforts to increase the frequency of medication label viewing.

scholarly journals Are Student Absences Worth the Worry in U.S. Primary Schools?

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth Gershenson ◽  
Alison Jacknowitz ◽  
Andrew Brannegan
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
English Language Learners ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
English Language ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nationally Representative

Student absences are a potentially important, yet understudied, input in the educational process. Using longitudinal data from a nationally representative survey and rich administrative records from North Carolina, we investigate the relationship between student absences and academic performance. Generally, student absences are associated with modest but statistically significant decreases in academic achievement. The harmful effects of absences are approximately linear, and are two to three times larger among fourth and fifth graders in North Carolina than among kindergarten and first-grade students in the nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study. In both datasets, absences similarly reduce achievement in urban, rural, and suburban schools. In North Carolina, the harm associated with student absences is greater among both low-income students and English language learners, particularly for reading achievement. Also, in North Carolina, unexcused absences are twice as harmful as excused absences. Policy implications and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals An exploration of the consequences of, and coping with loneliness in an ageing intellectual disability population

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Andrew Wormald ◽  
Philip McCallion ◽  
Mary McCarron
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Psychological Reactions ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Nationally Representative

Background: Loneliness has been associated with hypervigilance and sad passivity. The physiological and psychological reactions of people with an intellectual disability to loneliness have never been investigated. This research aims to explore the outcomes of loneliness for an ageing intellectual disability population. Methods: In Ireland, data from a nationally representative data set of people aged over 40 years with an intellectual disability (N=317) was applied to a social environment model that describes the effects of loneliness in five pre-disease pathways health behaviours, exposure to stressful life events, coping, health and recuperation. The data was tested through chi-squared, ANCOVA and binary logistic regression. Results: Being lonely predicted raised systolic blood pressure (A.O.R=2.051, p=0.039), sleeping difficulties (AOR=2.526, p=0.002) and confiding in staff (AOR=0.464 p=0.008). Additionally, participants who did moderate activity had significantly higher loneliness scores (F=4.171, p<0.05). Conclusions: The analysis supports the concept of hypervigilance in older people with an intellectual disability and limited support for the use of coping mechanisms that differ from those found in the wider population. Future research needs to investigate the longitudinal relationships between loneliness and health.

scholarly journals The Characteristics and Experiences of Canadian Students Receiving Special Education Services for Emotional/Behavioural Difficulties

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Whitley ◽  
Judy L Lupart ◽  
Tanya Beran
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Academic Expectations ◽  
Special Education Services ◽  
Education Services ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Making Friends ◽  
Teachers And Parents

This paper provides a description of the demographic characteristics as well as the social and academic experiences of a nationally representative sample of Canadian students receiving special education services for an Emo-tional/Behavioural Difficulty (EBD) and a comparison group of students without disabilities (ND). Data summarized in this article were drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth. Results reveal numerous areas of dif-ference between groups from student, parent, and teacher perspectives. In particular, the EBD group contained a significantly greater proportion of boys and students from low income families. Students in the EBD group reported hav-ing difficulty making friends and not liking school as much as their ND peers. Academic expectations reported by teachers and parents for children with EBD were significantly lower than for children without disabilities. Discussions of these findings as well as implications for practice and for future research are pre-sented.

Everything to everyone and the conditioning effect of intraparty cohesion: A replication in a cross-national context

2020 ◽  
pp. 135406882091878
Author(s):  
Nick Lin ◽  
Roni Lehrer
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
National Context ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Empirical Ground ◽  
Conditioning Effect ◽  
Intraparty Politics ◽  
Cross National

Taking the intraparty politics perspective, Lehrer and Lin recently revisit Somer-Topcu’s work that demonstrates how being ambiguous can help parties expand support in elections. Using survey data from the German Internet Panel, Lehrer and Lin find that intraparty cohesion is a critical moderator of Somer-Topcu’s argument. While Lehrer and Lin’s results are of relevance to a wide literature on party competition, intraparty politics, and political representation, their empirical strategy of relying on only one country prohibits other researchers from drawing meaningful and generalizable conclusions. In this note, we join this literature and reevaluate Lehrer and Lin’s conjecture by using an innovative cross-national survey data that covers 12 European countries. With this comparative data set, we almost perfectly replicate what Somer-Topcu and Lehrer and Lin reveal in their works. Our empirical endeavor not only provides a solid empirical ground to Lehrer and Lin in a cross-national context but also has important implications for future research, particularly on electoral politics, party competition, and democratic representation.

scholarly journals New diagnostic approach of the different types of isolated craniosynostosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia A. J. Kronig ◽  
Otto D. M. Kronig ◽  
Henri A. Vrooman ◽  
Jifke F. Veenland ◽  
Léon N. A. Van Adrichem
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Skull Shape ◽  
Anterior Plagiocephaly ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Common ◽  
Diagnostic Flowchart ◽  
And Control ◽  
Ct Slices

Abstract In this study, we diagnose skull shape deformities by analysing sinusoid curves obtained from standardized computed tomography (CT) slices of the skull for the common craniosynostoses (scaphocephaly, brachycephaly, trigonocephaly, right- and left-sided anterior plagiocephaly). Scaphocephaly has a high forehead peak and low troughs, in contrast to brachycephaly. Anterior plagiocephaly has asymmetry and shifting of the forehead peak. Trigonocephaly has a high and narrow frontal peak. Control patients have a symmetrical skull shape with low troughs and a high and broader frontal peak. Firstly, we included 5 children of every group of the common craniosynostoses and additionally 5 controls for extraction and calculation of characteristics. A diagnostic flowchart was developed. Secondly, we included a total of 51 craniosynostosis patients to validate the flowchart. All patients were correctly classified using the flowchart. Conclusion: Our study proposes and implements a new diagnostic approach of craniosynostosis. We describe a diagnostic flowchart based on specific characteristics for every type of craniosynostosis related to the specific skull deformities and control patients. All variables are expressed in number; therefore, we are able to use these variables in future research to quantify the different types of craniosynostosis. What is Known:• Premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures results in a specific cranial shape.• Clinical diagnosis is relatively simple; however, objective diagnosis based on distinctive values is difficult. What is New:• Using external landmarks and curve analysis, distinctive variables, and values for every type of craniosynostosis related to the specific skull deformities were determined and used to create a diagnostic flowchart for diagnosis.• Validation with an independent data set of 51 patients showed that all patients were correctly classified.

Parents’ perception of children’s mental health: seeing the signs but not the problems

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1102-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Huang ◽  
Harriet Hiscock ◽  
Kim M Dalziel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Children’S Mental Health ◽  
Children's Mental Health ◽  
Income Quintile ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Low Income Families

BackgroundIt is a public heath priority to understand why many children with mental health problems fail to access mental health services. This study aims to quantify under-recognition of children’s mental health problems by parents across income quintiles.MethodsWe estimated under-recognition with parent-reported mental health problems and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) using a nationally representative Australian data set for children aged 4–15 years with 24 269 person-wave observations.ResultsUnder-recognition was the highest in the lowest income quintile, with 11.5% of children from the lowest income quintile families who scored in the clinical range on the SDQ perceived by parents as having no mental health problems. For the highest income quintile this was 2.4%. In terms of gender and age, under-recognition was greater for boys and younger children.ConclusionsParent’s mental health literacy, especially for low-income families, warrants prioritised attention from researchers, clinicians and policymakers.

Set Up to Fail: Explaining When Women-Led Businesses Are More Likely to Fail

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 926-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiantian Yang ◽  
María del Carmen Triana
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Business Failure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Entrepreneurial Firms ◽  
Role Congruity Theory ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Role Congruity ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Set Up

Drawing on role congruity theory, we examine whether and when women-led ventures are more likely to fail than men-led ventures. We investigate the relationship between the gender of the leading entrepreneur and business failure and three important moderators of this relationship: whether the leadership assignment is consistent with merit, whether the venture operates in a female-dominated industry, and whether the venture is operated by a spousal team. Drawing on a unique, nationally representative data set of entrepreneurial firms sampled from the U.S. population in 2005 and followed yearly until 2011, we demonstrate that female entrepreneurs’ businesses are more likely to fail than those of their male counterparts. Regarding the moderating effects, our results show that female entrepreneurs’ businesses are more likely to fail when their merit-based competence is inferior to that of their cofounders. However, in the same scenario, male entrepreneurs are still able to lead their businesses successfully. We also find that women entrepreneurs’ disadvantages in leading new businesses are amplified in contexts that many have expected to be supportive of women, including in industries dominated by women and within spousal teams. Together, our results suggest that women’s disadvantages in leading their businesses may be perpetuated by gender beliefs that discount women’s leadership. Based on our findings, we discuss our contributions to theory and practice, and we offer implications for future research.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Household Perceptions of Water Costs across the United States: A Survey Based Approach

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Laura Medwid ◽  
Elizabeth A. Mack
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Issues

Research analyzing perceptions of water services has focused on water quality, water safety, and the propensity to consume water from different sources. It has not assessed perceptions of water costs. To address this knowledge gap, this study collected nationally representative survey data from households in the United States about water issues and incorporated these data into logistic regression models. In doing so, our study advances the water and public policy literature in three ways. One, it addresses the need for household resolution information about water issues given the absence of data at this scale in the United States. Two, it creates and utilizes one-of-a-kind survey data to understand the perceptions of household water bills and the drivers of these perceptions. Three, we assess the impact of proposed solutions to improve water affordability on household perceptions of water costs. Model results indicate low-income and households in underrepresented groups were more likely to perceive their water bills to be too high. The perception of water costs also varied geographically. From a policy perspective, model results indicate utilities can positively affect perceptions of water bills via the frequency of water billing and provision of payment assistance programs.

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