scholarly journals Jakarta’s great land transformation: Hybrid neoliberalisation and informality

Urban Studies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryono Herlambang ◽  
Helga Leitner ◽  
Liong Ju Tjung ◽  
Eric Sheppard ◽  
Dimitar Anguelov
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central City ◽  
Informal Networks ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
New Towns ◽  
Shopping Centre ◽  
Private Sector Development ◽  
Political Economic

We analyse dramatic land transformations in the greater Jakarta metropolitan area since 1988: large-scale private-sector development projects in central city and peri-urban locations. These transformations are shaped both by Jakarta’s shifting conjunctural positionality within global political economic processes and by Indonesia’s hybrid political economy. While influenced by neoliberalisation, Indonesia’s political economy is a hybrid formation, in which neoliberalisation coevolves with long-standing, resilient oligarchic power structures and contestations by the urban majority. Three persistent features shape these transformations: the predominance of large Indonesian conglomerates’ development arms and stand-alone developers; the shaping role of elite informal networks connecting the development industry with state actors; and steadily increasing foreign involvement and investment in the development industry, accelerating recently. We identify three eras characterised by distinct types of urban transformation. Under autocratic neoliberalising urbanism (1988–1997) peri-urban shopping centre development predominated, with large Indonesian developers taking advantage of close links with the Suharto family. The increased indebtedness of these firms became debilitating after the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis. Thus post-Suharto democratic neoliberalising urbanism (1998–2005) was a period of minimal investment, except for shopping centres in DKI Jakarta facilitating a consumption-led strategy of recovery from 1997, and the active restructuring of elite informality. Rescaled neoliberalising urbanism (2006–present) saw the recovery of major developers, renewed access to finance, including foreign capital, and the construction of ever-more spectacular integrated superblock developments in DKI Jakarta and peri-urban new towns.

scholarly journals Shopping Centres, Cycling Accessibility and Planning—The Case of Nova Lund in Sweden

Urban Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Till Koglin ◽  
Lucas Glasare
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Shopping Centre ◽  
The Past ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
The Subject

This paper evaluates the history and cycling accessibility of Nova, a shopping centre established in Lund, Sweden, in 2002. The current situation was also analysed through observation and a literature review. Moreover, the study conducted a closer analysis of the history and role of the municipality based on further literature study and interviews with officials. The conclusion of the analysis indicates poor and unsafe bikeways caused by conflicts of interest between politicians, officials, landowners and the general public. It also depicts a situation in which the municipality’s master plan has been ignored, and, in contrast to the local goals, cycling accessibility at Nova has seen no significant improvement since the shopping centre was first established. The reasons for this, arguably, are a relatively low budget for bikeway improvements in the municipality, as well as a situation in which decision-makers have stopped approaching the subject, as a result of the long and often boisterous conflicts it has created in the past. Lastly, it must be noted that it is easy to regard the whole process of Nova, from its establishment to the current situation, as being symptomatic of the power structures between drivers and cyclists that still affect decision-makers at all levels.

scholarly journals Project Managers’ Personality and Project Success: Moderating Role of External Environmental Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9477
Author(s):  
Amjad Hussain ◽  
Mohsin Jamil ◽  
Muhammad Umar Farooq ◽  
Muhammad Asim ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan Rafique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Project Success ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Moderating Role

Successful project completion is a challenging phenomenon for project managers. Various factors play an indispensable role in the success of a project. The objective of this study is to examine the role of project managers’ personalities in project success with the moderating role of external environmental factors i.e., political, economic, social. The study includes 145 project managers from 36 large-scale construction projects, from both the public and private sectors. The big five personality model was used to evaluate the personality traits of project managers and triple constraint criteria (cost, time, and quality) was used to gauge project success. Data has been collected through a well-structured questionnaire. The analysis of data indicated that personality traits like extraversion and openness are positive predictors of project success, whereas conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism did not have any direct relationship with project success. Importantly, the findings of this study concluded that external environmental factors—like political, economic, and social—moderately influence the link of specific project managers’ personality traits to project success. The role of external environmental factors as moderators has been discussed. The findings indicate the essential personality traits, as well as the role of external factors for achieving project success. The research contributions have relevance to both theory and practice and provide a deeper insight that is useful for individuals, organizations, researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers.

Urban planners and the production of gated communities in China: A structure–agency approach

Urban Studies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (13) ◽  
pp. 2635-2653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaihuai Liao ◽  
Rainer Wehrhahn ◽  
Werner Breitung
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gated Communities ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Professional Perspectives ◽  
Large Scale Survey

This study takes an actor-oriented perspective and focuses on the role of urban planners in the production of gated communities in China. It probes their related values and the structural factors influencing their preferences and planning choices. The main empirical basis is a large-scale survey of urban planners throughout China. The results show for example that most of the surveyed planners are residents of gated communities themselves. This is highly important, because their residential experiences and middle-class identities are likely to affect their values and professional perspectives. Their attitudes towards gating furthermore strongly correlate with the views of the local governments for whom they work, which is understandable in view of the prevailing power structures. It is found that most planners either support gated communities or do not see much leverage to act against them, but that many are able to achieve amendments to reduce negative effects of gating.

Japan's Interventionist State: Bringing Agriculture Back In

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
AURELIA GEORGE MULGAN
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Descriptive Model ◽  
Economic Miracle ◽  
Key Features ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

One of the perennial controversies in the study of Japanese political economy has centred on the role of the government in the economy and in Japan's economic growth. The best-known model of Japanese political economy is the ‘capitalist developmental state’, which offers both a descriptive model of Japanese political economy and an explanation for Japan's postwar economic miracle in terms of bureaucracy-led intervention. As a descriptive model, the ‘capitalist developmental state’ both over-generalises and under-generalises key features of Japan's political economy. It over-generalises because it builds a model of Japanese political economy based on government-business relations in a number of large-scale, export-oriented manufacturing industries ignoring inefficient or ‘laggard’ sectors or admitting them only as system supports. The model under-generalises Japanese political economy because types and modes of bureaucratic intervention are consistent across different sectors of the economy, and in fact are more prevalent in weaker sectors, such as agriculture.

scholarly journals A material political economy: Automated Trading Desk and price prediction in high-frequency trading

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Share Price ◽  
High Frequency Trading ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
Price Prediction ◽  
Political Economic

This article contains the first detailed historical study of one of the new high-frequency trading (HFT) firms that have transformed many of the world’s financial markets. The study, of Automated Trading Desk (ATD), one of the earliest and most important such firms, focuses on how ATD’s algorithms predicted share price changes. The article argues that political-economic struggles are integral to the existence of some of the ‘pockets’ of predictable structure in the otherwise random movements of prices, to the availability of the data that allow algorithms to identify these pockets, and to the capacity of algorithms to use these predictions to trade profitably. The article also examines the role of HFT algorithms such as ATD’s in the epochal, fiercely contested shift in US share trading from ‘fixed-role’ markets towards ‘all-to-all’ markets.

scholarly journals Racism, Ethnicity and the Media in Africa: Reflections Inspired by Studies of Xenophobia in Cameroon and South Africa

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis B. Nyamnjoh
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Social Citizenship ◽  
Politics Of Recognition ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
National Citizenship ◽  
The Media ◽  
Political Economic

This paper demonstrates the extent to which the media and belonging in Africa are torn between competing and often conflicting claims of bounded and flexible ideas of culture and identity. It draws on studies of xenophobia in Cameroon and South Africa, inspired by the resilience of the politicization of culture and identity, to discuss the hierarchies and inequalities that underpin political, economic and social citizenship in Africa and the world over, and the role of the media in the production, enforcement and contestation of these hierarchies and inequalities. In any country with liberal democratic aspirations or pretensions, the media are expected to promote national citizenship and its emphasis on large-scale, assimilationist and territorially bounded belonging, while turning a blind eye to those who fall through the cracks as a result of racism and/or ethnicity. Little wonder that such an exclusionary articulation of citizenship is facing formidable challenges from its inherent contradictions and closures, and from an upsurge in the politics of recognition and representation by small-scale communities claiming autochthony at a historical juncture where the rhetoric espouses flexible mobility, postmodern flux and discontinuity.

How cars became mobile spatial media: A geographical political economy of on-board navigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis F. Alvarez Leon
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Autonomous Navigation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mobile Media ◽  
Locative Media ◽  
The Core ◽  
Informational Capitalism ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
Theoretical Developments

While cars, by definition and necessity, have always been (auto)mobile, they are not often considered, or studied, as media. In light of this, the present article seeks to elucidate the technological, political, and economic forces that have converged to transform cars into mobile spatial media. This article provides a framework to contextualize the nodal role of navigation in creating the conditions for a large-scale disruption in automobile technologies with potentially far-reaching impacts: autonomous navigation. The arguments at the core of this article bring together, and build on, recent theoretical developments in (a) locative media, (b) automobiles as mobile media, and (c) new mapping technologies, practices, and spatial media to provide a coherent perspective of cars as mobile spatial media. Informed by a geographical political economy of navigation, this perspective contributes to our understanding of cars in the context of digital and informational capitalism as these vehicles undergo qualitative transformations catalyzed by increased digital interconnections and comprehensive automation.

Security, economy, population: The political economic logic of liberal exceptionalism

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Best
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
The Political ◽  
Critical Security Studies ◽  
Cultural Political Economy ◽  
Liberal Government ◽  
Political Economic

In an era in which scholars have become increasingly skeptical about the concept of exceptionalism, this article argues that instead of rejecting it, we should rework it: moving beyond seeing it primarily as a security practice by recognizing the crucial role of political economic exceptionalism. Drawing on Foucault’s later lectures on security, population, and biopolitics, this article suggests that we can understand exceptionalist moves in both security and economic contexts as efforts to manage and secure a population. Focusing on three key moments in the production of exceptional politics – defining the limit of normal politics, suspending the norm, and putting the exception into practice – I examine the parallels, intersections, and tensions between political economic and security exceptionalism, using the concept of economic exceptionalism to make sense of the 2008 global financial crisis. Taking seriously Foucault’s insights into the political economic character of liberal government holds out the promise of providing scholars in the fields of both critical security studies and cultural political economy with a richer understanding of the complex dynamics of exceptionalist politics – a promise that is particularly valuable at the present political juncture.

scholarly journals The political economy of landslides and international aid relief: a qualitative investigation in rural Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 720
Author(s):  
Kelly F Austin ◽  
Maria Theresa Mejia
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Unequal Exchange ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Relief Efforts ◽  
Aid Relief

<p>This is a qualitative study of perspectives from community members on landslides in Bududa, Uganda. Interviews with community members reveal their perceptions of the causes, effects, and aid response to landslides. We employ a 'structural fieldwork' approach to explain community member's thoughts and experiences using critical macro-comparative perspectives relating to political ecology. This research brings attention to how large-scale unequal relationships in trade and international aid increase landslide vulnerability and there are ineffective relief efforts in a particular locale. Linking environmental degradation in Bududa to political, economic, and social factors provides a broader context in which to view risk from landslides in this community, as a critical case in demonstrating how economic globalization benefits some at the expense of others.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Landslides, unequal exchange, disaster, NGOs, political economy<strong></strong></p>

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