An Intersectional Look at the “Rush to Adulthood”

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Bears Augustyn ◽  
Dylan B. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
High School Dropout ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Transitions To Adulthood ◽  
Hispanic Females ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Null Effect ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Using Data

Research suggests a link between precocious transitions to adulthood (e.g., high school dropout) and maladaptation, and this association is typically assumed to be uniform. We propose that this monolithic portrayal of precocious transitions as problematic for adult functioning is unwarranted, particularly across identities defined by gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES). Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we use propensity score methodology to demonstrate that the effects of precocious transitions on adult antisocial behavior vary. Results indicate a general null effect of experiencing any precocious transition among low SES subgroups regardless of gender and race/ethnicity and criminogenic effects among more economically privileged subgroups, with the exception of Hispanic females. Additional analyses reveal that the effect of individual transitions further vary in significance across social identities, displaying a criminogenic effect among some subgroups and a null/protective effect among others. Implications for theory and future research are discussed.

Social Characteristics as Predictors of ADHD Labeling across the Life Course

2020 ◽  
pp. 215686932091653
Author(s):  
Melissa Thompson ◽  
Lindsey Wilkinson ◽  
Hyeyoung Woo
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
First Time

Although originally considered to be a disorder of childhood, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasingly being diagnosed for the first time in adulthood. Yet we know little about the social characteristics (race, gender, and social class) of those first labeled in adulthood, how these differ from those first labeled in childhood/adolescence, and whether the ADHD label is applied proportionately across social groups given ADHD symptomology. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, the current research considers how typifications of ADHD affect application of the ADHD label in childhood/adolescence and in adulthood. Results indicate that even after controlling for ADHD symptoms, social characteristics are important predictors of the ADHD label in childhood/adolescence but are less influential in predicting ADHD labeling in adulthood. Additionally, results indicate the importance of race in moderating the association between childhood ADHD symptoms and application of the ADHD label throughout the life course.

Military Cohorts, Substance Use, and Male-Perpetrated Intimate Partner Violence

2020 ◽  
pp. 107780121989347
Author(s):  
Roberto Cancio
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Military Families ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Racial Ethnic

This study considers variations of intimate partner violence (IPV) from the point of the perpetrator to test the impact of demographic factors on the type of IPV most prevalent among pre-9/11 and post-9/11 military families from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (1994–2008): Waves I and IV in-home interviews ( N = 499). Study findings indicate that the perpetration of physical and sexual IPV depends on the context of veteran cohort and race/ethnicity. Models for substance use and IPV patterns were not similar across military cohorts and/or racial/ethnic groups.

scholarly journals The Role of Marriage and Military Service on Reoffending: Race, “The Respectability Package,” and the Desistance Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-125
Author(s):  
Wendi L. Johnson ◽  
Peggy C. Giordano
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Criminal Involvement ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Military Involvement ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Volunteer Force

We build on prior research examining military involvement and criminal involvement by investigating the importance of acquiring the more complete “respectability package” that includes marriage as well as military experience and variations among White and Black respondents. Using data from Waves I and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health; n = 5,801), analyses use logistic regression models to assess associations of military service, marriage, and race with odds of reoffending among White and Black young adults who reported offending at Wave I. Military involvement was associated with lower odds of offending for Black respondents only, while marriage was associated with decreased odds of reoffending across both groups. Among Black respondents, analyses also highlighted the importance of acquiring both components of the respectability package (military service and marriage) in the context of today’s all-volunteer force in reducing criminal involvement.

Examining the Potential Association Between Immigration and Criminal Involvement Using a Nationally Representative and Longitudinal Sample of Youth

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051988853
Author(s):  
Dzhansarayeva Rima ◽  
Alimkulov Yerbol ◽  
Shopabayev Batyrbek ◽  
Tlepbergenov Orynbassar ◽  
Kevin M. Beaver
Keyword(s):  
Justice System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Criminal Involvement ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Do So ◽  
Immigration And Crime

There has been a great deal of debate regarding the association between immigration and criminal involvement. Against this backdrop, this study sought to make an incremental increase to the literature by examining the nexus between immigration and crime. To do so, data were drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health ( N = 7,622–8,334). The results of the multivariate regression models revealed no evidence that immigrants, in comparison with U.S. citizens, self-reported more involvement in nonviolent delinquency or violent delinquency. Where statistically significant effects did emerge, U.S. citizens reported greater involvement in these acts. Moreover, the analyses also did not provide any evidence that immigrants were more likely than U.S. citizens to report being arrested, pleading guilty, being sentenced to probation, or being incarcerated. Once again, U.S. citizens were significantly more likely to have contact with the criminal justice system when compared with immigrants. These results suggest that the potential link between immigration and crime is likely complex and is not a straightforward association. We conclude by discussing some of the implications of the findings and directions for future research.

scholarly journals Contextualizing Educational Disparities in Health: Variations by Race/Ethnicity, Nativity, and County-Level Characteristics

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor W. Hargrove ◽  
Lauren Gaydosh ◽  
Alexis C. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Educational Disparities ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Educational disparities in health are well documented, yet the education–health relationship is inconsistent across racial/ethnic and nativity groups. These inconsistencies may arise from characteristics of the early life environments in which individuals attain their education. We evaluate this possibility by investigating (1) whether educational disparities in cardiometabolic risk vary by race/ethnicity and nativity among Black, Hispanic, and White young adults; (2) the extent to which racial/ethnic-nativity differences in the education–health relationship are contingent on economic, policy, and social characteristics of counties of early life residence; and (3) the county characteristics associated with the best health at higher levels of education for each racial/ethnic-nativity group. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we find that Black young adults who achieve high levels of education exhibit worse health across a majority of contexts relative to their White and Hispanic counterparts. Additionally, we observe more favorable health at higher levels of education across almost all contexts for White individuals. For all other racial/ethnic-nativity groups, the relationship between education and health depends on the characteristics of the early life counties of residence. Findings highlight place-based factors that may contribute to the development of racial/ethnic and nativity differences in the education–health relationship among U.S. young adults.

scholarly journals College Selectivity, Subjective Social Status, and Mental Health in Young Adulthood

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy E. Uecker ◽  
Lindsay R. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Status ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Subjective Social Status ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Selective College ◽  
College Selectivity ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Using Data

Research on education and mental health has focused primarily on the benefits of higher levels of educational attainment. Other aspects of education, such as college selectivity, may also be associated with mental health, and higher subjective social status (SSS) is a potential pathway through which college selectivity and mental health could be linked. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, this study (a) examines whether college selectivity influences mental health independent of objective measures of socioeconomic status and (b) assesses the role of SSS in this relationship. Among college graduates, attending a more selective college is associated with higher ratings of SSS, which in turn are associated with fewer depressive symptoms and lower perceived stress and anxiety. These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of college selectivity and SSS in the mental health of young adults.

Weapon Carrying and Weapon Brandishing at School: Responses to Strain Among Same-Sex Attracted Youth

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052096666
Author(s):  
Brent Teasdale ◽  
Mindy S. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Minority Status ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Weapon Carrying ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
General Strain ◽  
Using Data

Studies consistently find lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning youth are more likely than other youth to experience discrimination, fear for their safety, and be victimized at school. We argue that same-sex attracted youth may be more likely to both carry weapons and to brandish those weapons as coping mechanisms in response to the strain of real or perceived mistreatment school. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Wave 1, 1994–1995), we examine the relationships between same-sex attraction, fear, victimization, weapon carrying, and weapon brandishing at school. We find that same-sex attracted youth are significantly more likely than other youth to carry a weapon to school, and to brandish the weapon in front of peers. Consistent with general strain explanations, victimization, discrimination, and fear mediate the association between sexual minority status and both outcomes. We discuss the implications of these patterns for primary prevention interventions.

Does Self-control Predict Crime, Delinquency, and Victimization in Immigrants? A Longitudinal Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052097621
Author(s):  
Makpal Kundakova ◽  
Dzhansarayeva Rima ◽  
Gulzagira Atakhanova ◽  
Nuraisha Temirbolat ◽  
Kevin M. Beaver
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Models ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Add Health ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
Do So

Gottfredson and Hirschi’s theory of low self-control has generated a considerable amount of research and the results of these studies have shown that low levels of self-control are consistently associated with involvement in antisocial outcomes. Despite the empirical support for this theory, there still remain areas of it that need to be more fully evaluated. Once such area is whether self-control is associated with antisocial outcomes in samples of immigrants. The current study sought to address this gap in the literature. To do so, data drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) were analyzed. The results of the statistical models revealed that low levels of self-control were associated with increases in self-reported delinquency, being arrested, being convicted of a crime, being sentenced to probation, being incarcerated, and being victimized. Taken together, the results of this study show that self-control is a robust predictor of antisocial outcomes among immigrants. We conclude by identifying limitations of the current study and directions for future research.

How Early Socioeconomic Adversity Combines With BMI-Linked Genetics to Launch Adverse Developmental Processes Leading to Economic Hardship

2021 ◽  
pp. 216769682110343
Author(s):  
Kandauda (K.A.S.) Wickrama ◽  
Catherine Walker O’Neal ◽  
Tae Kyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Economic Hardship ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cumulative Processes ◽  
Achievement Failure ◽  
Race Ethnicity

The present study used a sample of 9,100 youth from The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to identify how early socioeconomic adversity and BMI-related genetics combine to influence youth BMI and academic achievement/failure across successive life stages (i.e., adolescence, emerging adulthood, young adulthood), resulting in adverse economic outcomes in young adulthood. The results indicate that early socioeconomic adversity and BMI-related genetics initiate additive, cascading, and cumulative processes through BMI and academic achievement leading to economic hardship after accounting for relevant demographic and contextual variables, including race/ethnicity. Importantly, the BMI-related polygenic score revealed a moderate genetic influence on youth BMI and academic achievement at each life stage. The findings highlight the need to inform longitudinal health and obesity research with molecular genetic information.

scholarly journals Adherence to the Street Code Predicts an Earlier Anticipated Death

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin T. Wolff ◽  
Jonathan Intravia ◽  
Michael T. Baglivio ◽  
Alex R. Piquero
Keyword(s):  
Early Death ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Delinquent Youth ◽  
Short Life Span ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: Criminologists have long been interested in the relationship between subcultural attitudes and antisocial behavior, with Anderson’s street code thesis being the most recent and often researched foray in this area. Relatedly, scholars have begun to investigate the risk factors associated with the anticipation of early death. Extant research, however, has yet to empirically test Anderson’s hypothesis that subscription to the street code is predictive of an anticipated early death. This study contributes to the literatures on the street code as well as fatalism by investigating the link between these two constructs. Methods: Using data from a sample of serious youthful offenders, we examine whether street code values are related to the anticipation of a short life span using a number of multivariate regression techniques controlling for a range of individual- and community-level variables. Results: Results show adherence to the street code is significantly associated with an anticipated early death among the sample of delinquent youth. Further, the relationship between street code and anticipated early death holds across race/ethnicity and gender, and results are not sensitive to the measurement of an anticipated early death. Findings from the current research are discussed, along with implications for policy and future research.

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