scholarly journals ‘Painting out’ (and ‘reading in’) the Franco-Prussian War: Politics and art criticism in the 1870s

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Lethbridge
Keyword(s):  
Art Criticism ◽  
French Government ◽  
Artistic Works ◽  
The Government

Taking the majority of its examples from the Salon of 1872, this article explores the extent to which official intervention was effective in eliminating from the exhibition potentially inopportune representations of the Franco-Prussian War. The withdrawal of a certain number of works deemed to risk offending the Prussians coincided with the very moment the French government was trying to negotiate the departure of occupying enemy troops under the terms of the May 1871 Treaty of Frankfurt. It initiated, or reignited, a debate about censorship during the course of which art criticism was itself politicized. Drawing on information in the Salon catalogue and analysing the reviews of the exhibition which appeared in the Parisian press, the article takes issue with much scholarship to date. In particular, it demonstrates how the interpretation of artistic works on display is inflected by polemical and ideological determinants. What emerges from this is precisely the incipient revanchard discourse which the government had hoped to suppress.

Trusteeship Council

1959 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-307 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Free Expression ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
French Government ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
The People ◽  
Election Results ◽  
The Government ◽  
October 17

The Trusteeship Council held its eighth special session from October 13 to October 17, 1958, at UN Headquarters in New York. Following the adoption of its agenda, the Council decided to examine simultaneously the two major items before it, the future of Togoland under French administration and the examination of the annual report of the French government on Togoland for the year 1956. The Council also had before it the observations of the UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) on the territory. At the Council's 937th meeting, Mr. Dorsinville, the commissioner for the supervision of elections in the territory, presented his report on the elections which had been held on April 28, 1958, which he had drawn up in accordance with a resolution adopted at the twelfth session of the General Assembly. Mr. Dorsinville drew the attention of the Council to the fact that the election results had been contested in six electoral circonscriptions, but that the appeals concerning the results had been rejected by the administrative tribunal. The composition of the Chamber of Deputies was, therefore, the same as that announced by the Election Returns Board, as given in Mr. Dorsinville's report. The commissioner re-affirmed the conviction expressed in his report that the results of the elections reflected the wishes of the people of Togoland. He pointed out that by the election of April 1958 the unanimity of the government of Togoland had ended, so that the present government was composed of a majority of a little more than two-thirds of the members of the new Assembly. The change in public opinion in Togoland seemed to explain the election results, in Mr. Dorsinville's view; the UN mission, he stated, had helped to create the circumstances favorable to the free expression of the people's will. Mr. Dorsinville also noted that the conversations between the French government and a Togolese delegation which had resulted in a communique were an indication of the good relations to be promoted between Togoland and France.

scholarly journals Kritik Seni dengan Kasus Festival Seni Rupa “Nagari Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat”

Humaniora ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 755
Author(s):  
Hagung Kuntjara
Keyword(s):  
Art Criticism ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
National Level ◽  
Natural Event ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Arts Festival ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Agrarian Societies ◽  
Heating Up

"War againt the forgot" – Some time ago the government through a bill drafted by the Ministry of Home Affairs rolled leadership succession issues covered in the bill of Privileges Yogyakarta which hands polemical dichotomy of choice 'Sultan is not automatically Governor' (by election) or 'Sultan is automatically Governor' (direct designation). Social and political conditions that nation endlessly polemical dichotomy is heating up at the public grassroot level to the national level lead to opposite parties and keep fire as unresolved. A Fine Arts Festival event titled "Nagari Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat" one century to coincide with HB IX, was presented in Jogja National Museum (JNM) 13 April 2012 and 2 weeks later, became a kind of 'witness marker' of the existence and the constellation 'Nagari Yogyakarta Sultanate - HB IX' with the Republic of Indonesia. Form of attitudes, arts events as a marker – ‘Titi pranoto mongso’ - in ancient agrarian societies of Java was used as a natural event signs to be observed, the Arts Festival events can be read as a reminder to not forget, will conduct historical Yogyakarta. Practice of art criticism writing is about the Arts Festival event "Nagari Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat" in the perspective of art criticism, which is not only a cultural festival article coverage of events, but also the existence of a strong side shoot 'Nagari Yogyakarta Sultanate - HB IX 'is presented in the form of representation of the works of art are very diverse and are free to respond to a given topic.  

scholarly journals What’s in the pipeline for open access in Sweden? Progress report from a national and institutional perspective

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beate Eellend ◽  
Jonas Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Open Access Publishing ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
National Library ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Artistic Works ◽  
The Government

Watch the VIDEO of the presentation.In January 2013 the Swedish Government commissioned the Swedish Research Council to develop a proposal for national guidelines for open access to scientific information, in collaboration with the National Library of Sweden. Comments from different stakeholders were collected through meetings, dialogues as well as an open web forum during 2013 and 2014. Many of the views expressed were utilized in the final document.The final proposal, which includes guidelines for both scientific publications, artistic works and research data, was submitted to the Government in January 2015. Also, the proposal contains recommendations on what needs to be further investigated and solved, in order to enable the fulfillment of the strategic objectives for 2025, when all scientific publications and artistic works resulting from research financed with public funds shall be published immediately with open access.In December 2015 the Swedish Government invited approximately 100 representatives from HEIs, funders, research and library organizations as well as researchers to a national hearing. The aim was to discuss how Sweden and the government can proceed with the transformation to an open access publishing system. During the hearing it was emphasized that the transformation to an open access publishing system in many respects is connected to the existing qualification and funding allocation system. Therefore there is a need for strong incentives for researchers to publish open access. Also, there is a national and international need to get control of both subscription fees and APCs in order to facilitate the transition to an open access publication system.At the end of 2016 the Government is expected to address the national guidelines in the Budget bill, the Research Bill as well as in different appropriation directives to national HEI’s and funders. Also, the Minister for Research and Higher Education has expressed the will to notify a national coordination task to the National Library of Sweden regarding open access to scientific publications and artistic works and a parallel coordination task to the Swedish Research Council regarding open access to research data. The Swedish Government supports the European Council Conclusions on the transition towards and Open Science System.Our proposed presentation aims to give a state of the art report of the current development, both from a national perspective and from an institutional perspective. How are we are preparing to implement the guidelines? What strategies are institutions and libraries using, both with regard to publishers and researchers? We hope to inspire a discussion and exchange of experiences, since several countries now are in a similar process.

Why the French Said ‘Non’: A New Perspective on the Hoover Moratorium of June 1931

2020 ◽  
pp. 002200942094992
Author(s):  
Simon Banholzer ◽  
Tobias Straumann
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Military Cooperation ◽  
French Government ◽  
Eastern Front ◽  
The Government ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Historical Accounts

Why did the French government delay its endorsement of the Hoover Moratorium in the summer of 1931? Key policymakers were fully aware that their stance would exacerbate the German financial crisis, which ultimately dragged the European economy into the abyss. Most historical accounts identify the plan for an Austro-German customs union, which became known publicly in March 1931, as a major cause for the French ‘non’. We suggest a different chronology by showing that the French government was reluctant to help Germany as early as the fall of 1930 when, in the wake of the Nazi victory in the Reichstag elections, a currency crisis threatened to ruin the German monetary and financial system and bring down the government. We also argue that the reason for this French reluctance to extend financial help to Germany was the traumatic experience resulting from the evacuation of the Rhineland in June 1930. This chauvinistic outburst in Germany not only frightened the French public, but also made it clear to French politicians how the lack of military cooperation with the Anglo-Saxon powers had made France highly vulnerable on its Eastern front. After June 1930 a financial bargain with Germany became unrealistic, due to domestic opposition.

The French Colonial Party and French Colonial War Aims, 1914–1918

1974 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Andrew ◽  
A. S. Kanya-Forstner
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
French Government ◽  
Western Front ◽  
The Future ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
The Government ◽  
War Aims

For the first two years of the war the French government drew up no programme of its war aims. When the cabinet began to consider its aims in Europe during the summer of 1916, it still avoided serious discussion of war aims overseas. Faced with the overwhelming preoccupations of the Western Front, the government paid little heed to the future of the Empire. Such war aims as France possessed outside Europe by the time of the armistice were arrived at in two ways: first, by ad hoc agreenebts with her allies in the Middle East and in West Africa, agreements forced on the government by the course of the war; secondly, by a commission d'étude established in 1918 to prepare for the peace conference, a commission from which ministers were excluded. The colonial war aims that emerged in these two separate ways were the product not of the French cabinet but of the parti colonial and its sympathizers within the foreign and colonial ministries.

International Court of Justice

1953 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-557 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
State Control ◽  
International Court Of Justice ◽  
French Government ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
International Court ◽  
The Government

“Société Électricité de Beyrouth” Case: On August 15, 1953, an application instituting proceedings on behalf of the government of France against the government of Lebanon was filed with the Registry of the International Court of Justice by André Gros, agent for the French government. The French government alleged that the Lebanese government, by a series of acts or omissions dating from the end of 1951 and culminating in placing the Société Électricité de Beyrouth under provisional state control by decrees of March 19 and April 4, 1953, had violated the Franco-Lebanese Treaty of January 24, 1948, and general principles of international law.

scholarly journals France: Republic against «Political Islam» (Part II)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Alexander Shumilin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
French Government ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Lower House ◽  
The Government ◽  
Increased Activity

From March 30 to April 12, 2021, members of the French Senate considered the government-prepared draft law on «countering separatism». His ideology is primarily aimed at curbing the increased activity of supporters of «political Islam» (Islamism) in France. Earlier, on February 16, 2021, the National Assembly (lower house of parliament) had approved the document. As shown in the first part of the article, the discussion of the draft deepened the split in the Muslim community of France between followers of moderate Islam, who supported the efforts of the government, and Islamists, who rejected the main provisions of the document. This article attempts to analyze a new stage of relations between the state and the Muslim community of the country – against the background of the decisions made by the senators. Accusing the French government of «Islamophobia»”, Islamic radicals appeal to the leadership of the European Union. Behind them, the figure of the Turkish President R.T. Erdogan, who is increasingly using religious rows in Europe for his own political purposes. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the escalating confrontation in the Muslim environment and around it is acquiring more and more obvious political implications in France.

scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF ECONOMIC RIGHTS IN MUSIC AND SONG WORKS AS A PILLAR OF CREATIVE ECONOMY

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-133
Author(s):  
Dwi Surya Hartati ◽  
Nely Herlina
Keyword(s):  
Moral Rights ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Collective Management ◽  
Artistic Works ◽  
The Government ◽  
Management Institutions ◽  
Exclusive Right

The work of songs and music is one of several types of artistic works that is protected by the Act of Copyright. Copyright is regulated through Act No. 28 of 2014 About Copyright (Undang-Undang Hak Cipta or UUHC). Creators and Copyright holders have an exclusive right in the form of economic rights and moral rights. Economic rights can be acquired through the payment of royalty. According to the Act of Copyright, the National Collective Management Institution (Lembaga Manajemen Kolektif Nasional or LMKN) is the institution appointed to collect royalties from creators and/or holders of related rights. LMKN is a non-profit legal entity which has been given an authority by Copyright holders and/or holders of related rights to manage the economic rights in legally collecting and distributing royalties. In order to acquire their share in the royalty, each of the creators, Copyright holders, or the holders of related rights has to become a member of LMKN, and in return said LMKN got the authority to collect royalties from users of said artistic works. Royalty is a form of payment or rewards given to creators and/or Copyrights holders over the utilization of economic rights or related rights of a creation or a product. In Indonesia, there are a lot of LMKNs, in which the function is to collect royalties, including collecting exclusive rights of the holders of related rights. The resulting performance of Collective Management Institutions (Lembaga Manajemen Kolektif or LMK) has not reached its optimum capability for both creators and holders of related rights. The resulting advice of this paper is for the government to create a strict payment system and a method which can also be accessed digitally by the creators.

International Court of Justice

1957 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-162 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Time Limit ◽  
International Court Of Justice ◽  
French Government ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
International Court ◽  
The Government

Case of the Norwegian Loans Issued in France (France v. Norway): In an order of September 28, 1956, the Court fixed December 20, 1056, as the time-limit for the counter-memorial of the Kingdom of Norway, February 20, 1957, as the time-limit for the reply of the government of France and April 25, 1957, for the rejoinder of Norway. In the same order, the Court joined the objections raised by the Kingdom of Norway to the merits in the proceedings instituted by the French government in order that it might adjudicate in one and the same judgment on these objections and, if necessary, on the merits.

Neutrality during the European Wars of 1792-1815: America's Understanding of Her Obligations

1930 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Hyneman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Thomas Jefferson ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Neutral State ◽  
French Government ◽  
Secretary Of State ◽  
The Government ◽  
The French Revolution

The year 1792 marks the beginning of the long European struggle which started as the French Revolution and culminated in the Napoleonic Wars. The first notice that a state of war existed reached the Government of the United States August 2, 1792, when the French Minister at Philadelphia, M. Jean Temant, informed Thomas Jefferson, the American Secretary of State, that the French Government had declared war against Hungary and Bohemia. The Secretary of State, in reply to this notice, assured the French Minister that the United States would remain friendly to France “and render all those good offices which shall be consistent with the duties of a neutral nation.” This expression of Mr. Jefferson seems to be the only direct acknowledgement by President Washington or his Cabinet that the United States had been placed in the position of a neutral state.

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